19.        Recent social changes in the country of Spiessa lead the author to predict a
continued surge in growth of that country's restaurant industry. Rising personal incomes,
additional leisure time, an increase in single-person households, and greater interest in
gourmet¹ food are cited as the main reasons for this optimistic outlook. All of these
factors are indeed relevant to growth in the restaurant industry; so the prediction appears
reasonable on its face. However, three questionable² assumptions operative in this
argument bear close examination.
      The first dubious³ assumption is that the supply of restaurants in Spiessa will
continue to grow at the same rate as in the recent past. However, even in the most
favorable conditions and the best of economic times there are just so many restaurants
that a given population can accommodate and sustain. It is possible that the demand for
restaurants has already been met by the unprecedented⁴ growth of the past decade, in
which case the recent social changes will have little impact on the growth of the
restaurant industry.
      A second assumption is that the economic and social circumstances cited by the
author will actually result in more people eating out at restaurants. This assumption is
unwarranted, however. For example, increased leisure time may just as likely result in
more people spending more time cooking gourmet meals in their own homes. Also,
single people may actually be more likely than married people to eat at home than to go
out for meals. Finally, people may choose to spend their additional income in other
ways—on expensive cars, travel, or larger homes.
      A third poor assumption is that, even assuming people in Spiessa will choose to
spend more time and money eating out, no extrinsic⁵ factors will stifle⁶ this demand. This
assumption is unwarranted. Any number of extrinsic factors—such as a downturn in the
general economy or significant layoffs⁷ at Spiessa's largest businesses—may stall the
current restaurant surge. Moreover, the argument fails to specify⁸ the "social changes"
that have led to the current economic boom. If it turns out these changes are politically
driven, then the surge may very well reverse if political power changes hands.
      In conclusion, this argument unfairly assumes a predictable future course for both
supply and demand. To strengthen the argument, the author must at the very least show
that demand for new restaurants has not yet been exhausted, that Spiessa can
accommodate new restaurants well into the future, and that the people of Spiessa
actually want to eat out more

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