1.What is Translation？

　　Translation and Interpretation¹

　　Translation standards：Faithfulness，Expressiveness and Elegance²

　　要求：中文与英文均无语法错误，无错别字，无拼写错误。终于原文结构、实事和内容，翻译时要注意overall understanding在整体全篇的理解的基础上再翻译，意思才能表达准确。

　　2.Passage Translation

　　1） A merchant ，whose daughter had married a man with whom it proved she could not get on very well， was surprised some weeks later to see the young lady return home with all her belongings³.

　　有一个商人的女儿嫁人了，但是与丈夫关系过得不是很好，几周后带着随身物品回到娘家，商人看见了和惊讶。

　　The old man listened very attentively⁴ to her story， and then went to his desk and wrote a note to his son-in-law， which he gave to his daughter assuring her that her husband would receive her kindly⁵ after this.

　　商人仔细听了女儿的述说，然后到桌旁写了一张便条给他女婿，把它交给女儿并向她保证他的丈夫在看到便条后一定会善待她的。

　　The pair， on reading the letter， found in it the following notice：“Dear sir，goods that have been selected of one's own free will at my establishment are not to be taken back.” The young couple laughed heartily⁶， and were reconciled.

　　女儿回到家后与丈夫打开信来看时，发现这封信里是封通知：“亲爱的顾客，在本店自由选择的货物一经售出概不退还。

　　2） Until the nineteenth century，the Asians were relatively⁷ successful in holding the European traders and missionaries⁸ at bay.

　　在十九世纪之前，亚洲人才相对成功地把欧洲商人和传教士拒之国门之外。

　　hold sb. at bay=keep sb. far away，  missionary⁹ 传教士

　　The Chinese court assumed an aloof¹⁰ and patronizing attitude toward these Westerners， keeping them confined（limited） to the southern port cities of Macao and later， Canton.

　　中国朝廷对这些西方人采取的是冷漠和施恩的态度，把他们限制在南部的港口城市：澳门以及和后来的广州。

　　Canton 广州，  patronizing 傲慢的，惠顾的， aloof 远离的，冷淡的

　　China's rulers supremely¹² confident in their own tradition， professed¹⁴ little need of Western goods and ideas.

　　中国的统治者对待自己的传统及其自信，声称对待西方的商品和思想根本不需要。

　　supreme¹¹ 最大的，最高的，最重要的，profess¹³ 声称；自称

　　Thus responding to a British request for diplomatic representation in Beijing in 1816， the Chinese Emperor avowed¹⁵ that “my dynasty attached no value to products from abroad： your nation's strange wares¹⁶ do not appeal to me in the least，nor do they interest me，”#p#副标题#e#

　　因此在1896年，中国的皇帝在回复英国人请求在北京设立外交代表时，中国皇帝声称：“吾朝视外邦物产一文不值，汝国之怪异物品根本吸引不了朕，朕亦无兴趣。

　　ware¹⁷ 商品（pl.）

　　3） 国家不分大小强弱，也不分社会制度和意识形态异同，都一律平等，互相尊重。

　　All countries ，（whether） big or small，strong or week，will be equal and respect each other regardless of/irrespcet of the differences in social system and ideology¹⁸.

　　看完全文后应发现说话场合是在联合国，在联合国提议用will，不用should.一对反意词可作形容词后置。

　　任何国家都不得把自己的意志强加于人，都不得谋求霸权。

　　Any country will not impose/force/press its will on others，or seek hegemony.

　　各国内部事务由各国自己处理，世界的共同事务由各国协商处理。

　　The internal affairs of one country will be addressed by itself while the common affairs of the world will be handled by all countries through consultation¹⁹.

　　为了避免英语中的重复，用不同的词表示“处理”。其中address可以解释为“解决”

　　国际争端都通过和平谈判解决，而不诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。

　　All international disputes will be resolved through peaceful negotiations²⁰ instead of /rather than/without resorting to force or threat by force.

　　我们深信，这样的世界是符合各国人民的利益和愿望的。

　　We are convinced that such a world is in line with interests and aspirations²¹ of the people of various country.

　　我愿借助联合国的崇高讲坛，把中国政府这一设想提出来，希望各国政治家在讨论世界前途时，加以认真考虑。

　　We would like to take advangtage of the august/dignified/stately/majestic forum²² of the United Nations to present the idea of Chinese government and hope/hoping that the statesmen of all countries will take it into （serious） consideration when exploring the future of the world.

　　lofty用于形容人的崇高，目标、idea等，形容建筑物的高度，holy神圣的（带有宗教色彩）

　　求同存异 seek common ground while preserving differences

　　奉行睦邻友好政策 uphold （pursue） the good-neighbor （good-neighborly） policy

　　战略伙伴关系 the strategic partnership

　　中国国际地位显著提高 china's international standing has risen notably

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