LSAT模拟试题:LSAT模拟试题TEST3逻辑2b
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10. Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of bean plants or other legumes produce fixed1 nitrogen which is one of the essential plant nutrients3 and which for non-legume crops, such as wheat normally must be supplied by applications of nitrogen-based fertilizer. So if biotechnology succeeds in producing wheat strains whose roots will play host to Rhizobium bacteria. The need for artificial fertilizers will be reduced.

  The argument above makes which one of the following assumptions?

  (A) Biotechnology should be directed toward producing plants that do not require

  artificial fertilizer.

  (B) Fixed nitrogen is currently the only soil nutrient2 that must be supplied by

  artificial fertilizer for growing wheat crops.

  (C) There are no naturally occurring strains of wheat or other grasses that have

  Rhizobium bacteria living in their roots.

  (D) Legumes are currently the only crops that produce their own supply of fixed

  nitrogen.

  (E) Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of wheat would produce fixed nitrogen.

  11. Current legislation that requires designated sections for smokers4 and nonsmokers on the premises5 of privately6 owned businesses is an intrusion into the privately owned businesses is an intrusion into the private sector7 that cannot be justified8. The fact that studies indicate that nonsmokers might be harmed by inhaling9 the smoke from others cigarettes is not the main issue. Rather, the main issue concerns the government s violation10 of the right of private businesses to determine their own policies and rule.

  Which one of the following is principle that, if accepted, could enable the conclusion to be properly drawn11

  (A) Government intrusion into the policies and rules of private businesses

  is justified only when individuals might be harmed.

  (B) The right of individuals to breathe safe air supersedes12 the right of

  businesses to be free from government intrusion.

  (C) The right of businesses to self-determination overrides13 whatever right

  or duty the government may have to protect the individual.

  (D) It is the duty of private businesses to protect employees from harm in

  the workplace.

  (E) Where the rights of businesses and the duty of government conflict, the

  main issue is finding a successful compromise.

  12. Leachate is a solutions, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates14 a landfill site, If and only if the landfill s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachates escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities, A method must be found for disposing of leachate. Most landfill leachate is send directly to sewage treatment plants, but not all sewage plants are capable of handling the highly contaminated water.

  Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

  (A) The ability to predict the volume of escaping landfill leachate would help solve the disposal problem.

  (B) (B)If any water permeates a landfill, leachate will escape into the environment.

  (C) No sewage treatment plants are capable of handling leachate.

  (D) Some landfill leachate is send to sewage treatment plants that are incapable15 of

  handling it.

  (E) If leachate does not escape from a landfill into the environment, then the landfill s capacity to hold liquids has not been exceeded.

  13. The soaring prices of scholarly and scientific journals have forced academic libraries used only by academic researchers to drastically reduce their list of subscriptions17. Some have suggested that in each academic discipline subscription16 decisions should be determined18 solely19 by a journal s usefulness in that discipline, measured by the frequency with which it is cited in published writings by researchers in the discipline.

  Which one of the following, if true most seriously calls into question the suggestion described above?

  (A) The nonacademic readership of a scholarly or scientific journal can be accurately20 gauged21 by the number of times articles appearing in it are cited in daily newspapers and popular magazines.

  (B) The average length of a journal article in some sciences, such as physics, is less than half the average length of a journal article in some other academic disciplines, such as history.

  (C) The increasingly expensive scholarly journals are less and less likely to be available to the general public from nonacademic public libraries.

  (D) Researchers often will not cite a journal article that has influenced their work if they think that the journal in which it appears is not highly regarded by the leading researchers in the mainstream22 of the discipline

  (E) In some academic disciplines, controversies23 which begin in the pages of one journal spill over into articles in other journals that are widely read by researchers in the discipline.

  14. The average level of fat in the blood of people suffering from acute cases of disease W is lower than the average level for the population as a whole. Nevertheless, most doctors believe that reducing blood-fat levels is an effective way of preventing acute W.

  Which one of the following, if true, does most to justify24 this apparently25 paradoxical belief?

  (A) The blood level of fat for patients who have been cured of W is on average the same as that for the population at large.

  (B) Several of the symptoms characteristic of acute W have been produced in laboratory animals fed large doses of a synthetic26 fat substitute, though acute W itself has not been produced in this way.

  (C) The progression from latent to acute W can occur only when the agent that causes acute W absorbs large quantities of fat from the patient s blood.

  (D) The levels of fat in the blood of patients who have disease W respond abnormally slowly to changes in dietary intake27 of fat.

  (E) High levels of fat in the blood are indicative of several diseases that are just as serious as W.

  15. Baking for winter holidays is tradition that may have a sound medical basis. In midwinter, when days are short, many people suffer from a specific type of seasonal28 depression caused by lack of sunlight. Carbohydrates29, both sugars and starches30, boost the brain s levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that improve the mood. In this respect, carbon hydrates act on the brain in the same way as some antidepressants, Thus, eating holiday cookies may provide an effective form of self-prescribed medication.

  Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?

  (A) Seasonal depression is one of the most easily treated forms of depression.

  (B) Lack of sunlight lowers the level of serotonin in the brain.

  (C) People are more likely to be depressed31 in midwinter than at other times of the year.

  (D) Some antidepressants act by changing the brain s level of serotonin.

  (E) Raising the level of neurotransmitters in the brain effectively relieves depression.

  16. The current proposal to give college students a broader choice in planning their own courses of study should be abandoned. The students who are supporting the proposal will never be satisfied, no matter what requirements are established. Some of these students have reached their third year without declaring a major. One first-year student has failed to complete four required courses. Several others have indicated a serious indifference32 to grades and intellectual achievement.

  A flaw in the argument is that it does which one of the following?

  (A) avoids the issue by focusing on supporters of the proposal

  (B) argues circularly by assuming the conclusion is true in stating th e premises.

  (C) fails to define the critical term "satisfied"

  (D) distorts the proposal advocated by opponents

  (E) users the term "student" equivocally

  Questions 17——18

  The question whether intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe is certainly imprecise, because we are not sure how different from use something might be and still count as "intelligent life" Yet we cannot just decide to define "intelligent life" in some more precise way since it is likely that we will find and recognize intelligent life elsewhere in the universe only if we leave our definitions open to new, unimagined possibilities.

  17. The argument can most reasonably be interpreted as an objection to which one of the following claims?

  (A) The question whether intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe is one that will never be correctly answered.

  (B) Whether or not there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, our understanding of intelligent life is limited.

  (C) The question about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe must be made more precise if we hope to answer it correctly.

  (D) The question whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe is so imprecise as to be meaningless.

  (E) The question whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe is one we should not spend our time trying to answer.

  18. The passage, if seen as an objection to an antecedent claim. Challenges that claim by:

  (A) showing the claim to be irrelevant33 to the issue at hand

  (B) citing examples that fail to fit proposed definition of "intelligent life"

  (C) claiming that "intelligent life" cannot be adequately defined.

  (D) arguing that the claim, if acted on, would be counterproductive

  (E) maintaining that the claim is not supported by the available evidence



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1 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
2 nutrient 3vpye     
adj.营养的,滋养的;n.营养物,营养品
参考例句:
  • Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
  • The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。
3 nutrients 6a1e1ed248a3ac49744c39cc962fb607     
n.(食品或化学品)营养物,营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
  • Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 smokers d3e72c6ca3bac844ba5aa381bd66edba     
吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
  • Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。
5 premises 6l1zWN     
n.建筑物,房屋
参考例句:
  • According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定,场内不准饮酒。
  • All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行,不用送到外面去做。
6 privately IkpzwT     
adv.以私人的身份,悄悄地,私下地
参考例句:
  • Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
  • The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。
7 sector yjczYn     
n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
参考例句:
  • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
  • The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。
8 justified 7pSzrk     
a.正当的,有理的
参考例句:
  • She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
  • The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。
9 inhaling 20098cce0f51e7ae5171c97d7853194a     
v.吸入( inhale的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • He was treated for the effects of inhaling smoke. 他因吸入烟尘而接受治疗。 来自辞典例句
  • The long-term effects of inhaling contaminated air is unknown. 长期吸入被污染空气的影响还无从知晓。 来自互联网
10 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
11 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
12 supersedes 4618857cb5483ffa78c55f9bb07c6634     
取代,接替( supersede的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The new supersedes the old. 新陈代谢。
  • No sooner do you buy a computer than they bring out a new one which supersedes it. 你买电脑后不久他们就会推出新产品取代它。
13 overrides 6da09529bb67435c00c5fc9b00dfe8d9     
越控( override的第三人称单数 ); (以权力)否决; 优先于; 比…更重要
参考例句:
  • The new rule overrides all the previous ones. 新规则使以前的所有规则失效。
  • The application configuration file setting overrides the machine configuration file setting. 应用程序配置文件设置重写计算机配置文件设置。
14 permeates 290eb451e7da5dcf5bb4b8041c3d79fa     
弥漫( permeate的第三人称单数 ); 遍布; 渗入; 渗透
参考例句:
  • Studies show that water vapor quickly permeates plastic packaging material. 研究证明水蒸汽能迅速渗入塑料封装材料。
  • Democracy permeates the whole country. 民主主义(的思想)普及全国。
15 incapable w9ZxK     
adj.无能力的,不能做某事的
参考例句:
  • He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed.他不会做出这么残忍的事。
  • Computers are incapable of creative thought.计算机不会创造性地思维。
16 subscription qH8zt     
n.预订,预订费,亲笔签名,调配法,下标(处方)
参考例句:
  • We paid a subscription of 5 pounds yearly.我们按年度缴纳5英镑的订阅费。
  • Subscription selling bloomed splendidly.订阅销售量激增。
17 subscriptions 2d5d14f95af035cbd8437948de61f94c     
n.(报刊等的)订阅费( subscription的名词复数 );捐款;(俱乐部的)会员费;捐助
参考例句:
  • Subscriptions to these magazines can be paid in at the post office. 这些杂志的订阅费可以在邮局缴纳。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Payment of subscriptions should be made to the club secretary. 会费应交给俱乐部秘书。 来自《简明英汉词典》
18 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
19 solely FwGwe     
adv.仅仅,唯一地
参考例句:
  • Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
  • The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。
20 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
21 gauged 6f854687622bacc0cb4b24ec967e9983     
adj.校准的;标准的;量规的;量计的v.(用仪器)测量( gauge的过去式和过去分词 );估计;计量;划分
参考例句:
  • He picked up the calipers and gauged carefully. 他拿起卡钳仔细测量。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Distance is gauged by journey time rather than miles. 距离以行程时间而非英里数来计算。 来自辞典例句
22 mainstream AoCzh9     
n.(思想或行为的)主流;adj.主流的
参考例句:
  • Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
  • Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。
23 controversies 31fd3392f2183396a23567b5207d930c     
争论
参考例句:
  • We offer no comment on these controversies here. 对于这些争议,我们在这里不作任何评论。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
  • The controversies surrounding population growth are unlikely to subside soon. 围绕着人口增长问题的争论看来不会很快平息。 来自辞典例句
24 justify j3DxR     
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护
参考例句:
  • He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
  • Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗?
25 apparently tMmyQ     
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
参考例句:
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
26 synthetic zHtzY     
adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品
参考例句:
  • We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness.我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
  • It's a synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。
27 intake 44cyQ     
n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
参考例句:
  • Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
  • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
28 seasonal LZ1xE     
adj.季节的,季节性的
参考例句:
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
29 carbohydrates 001f0186d1ea717492c413ca718f2635     
n.碳水化合物,糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 );淀粉质或糖类食物
参考例句:
  • The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句
30 starches 4a2ff941018a19601cc0790704781df1     
n.淀粉( starch的名词复数 );含淀粉的食物;浆粉v.把(衣服、床单等)浆一浆( starch的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • You should avoid sugars and starches. 你应避免吃糖和含淀粉的食物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Cotton and rayon yarns are most often sized with water-insoluble starches. 棉和人造丝纱多用不溶于水的淀粉上浆。 来自互联网
31 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
32 indifference k8DxO     
n.不感兴趣,不关心,冷淡,不在乎
参考例句:
  • I was disappointed by his indifference more than somewhat.他的漠不关心使我很失望。
  • He feigned indifference to criticism of his work.他假装毫不在意别人批评他的作品。
33 irrelevant ZkGy6     
adj.不恰当的,无关系的,不相干的
参考例句:
  • That is completely irrelevant to the subject under discussion.这跟讨论的主题完全不相关。
  • A question about arithmetic is irrelevant in a music lesson.在音乐课上,一个数学的问题是风马牛不相及的。
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