LSAT模拟试题:LSAT模拟试题TEST3逻辑2c
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
19. The efficiency of microwave ovens in destroying the harmful bacteria frequently found in common foods is diminished by the presence of salt in the food being cooked. When heated in a microwave oven, the interior of unsalted food reaches temperatures high enough to kill bacteria that cause food poisoning, but the interior of salted food does not. Scientists theorize that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from heating the interior.

  Which one of the following conclusions is most supported by the information above?

  (A) The kinds of bacteria that cause food poisoning are more likely to be found on the exterior1 of food than in the interior of food.

  (B) The incidence of serious food poisoning would be significantly reduced if microwave ovens were not used by consumers to cook or reheat food.

  (C) The addition of salt to food that has been cooked or reheated in a microwave oven can increase the danger of food poisoning.

  (D) The danger of food poisoning can be lessened2 if salt is not used to prepare foods that are to be cooked in a microwave oven.

  (E) Salt is the primary cause of food poisoning resulting from food that is heated in microwave ovens.

  20 Pamela: Business has an interest in enabling employees to care for children, because those children will be the customers, employees, and managers of the future. Therefore, businesses should adopt policies, such as day-care benefits that facilitate parenting.

  Lee: No individual company, though, will be patronized, staffed, and managed only by its own employees children, so it would not be to a company s advantage to provide such benefits to employees children, so it would not be to a company s advantage to provide such benefits to employees when other companies do not.

  In which one of the following pairs consisting of argument and objection does the objection function most similarly to the way Lee s objection functions in relation to Pamela s argument?

  (A) new roads will not serve to relieve this area s traffic congestion3, because new roads would encourage new construction and generate additional traffic.

  Objection: Failure to build new roads would mean that traffic congestion would strangle the area even earlier.

  (B) Humanity needs clean air to breathe, so each person should make an effort avoid polluting the air.

  Objection: The air one person breathes is affected4 mainly by pollution caused by others, so it makes no sense to act alone to curb5 air pollution.

  (C) Advertised discounts on products draw customers attention to the products. So advertised discounts benefit sales.

  Objection: Customers already planning to purchase a product accelerate buying to take

  advantage of advertised discounts, and those subsequent sales suffer.

  (D) If people always told lies, then no one would know what the truth was, so people should always tell the truth.

  Objection: If people always told lies, then everyone would know that the truth was the opposite of what was said .

  (E) Human social institutions have always changed. So even if we do not know what those changes will be, we do know that the social institutions of the future will differ from those of the past.

  Objection: The existence of change in the past does not ensure that there will always

  be change in the future.

  21. Pedro: Unlike cloth diapers, disposable diapers are a threat to the environment. Sixteen billion disposable diapers are discarded annually6, filling up landfills at an alarming rate. So people must stop buying disposable diapers and use cloth diapers.

  Maria: But you forget that cloth diapers must be washed in hot water, which requires energy. Moreover, the resulting wastewater pollutes our rivers. When families use diaper services, diapers

  must be delivered by fuel-burning trucks that pollute the air and add to traffic congestion.

  Maria objects to Pedro s argument by

  (A) claiming that Pedro overstates the negative evidence about disposable diapers in the course of his argument in favor of cloth diapers.

  (B) indicating that Pedro draws a hasty conclusion, based on inadequate7 evidence about cloth diapers.

  (C) pointing out that there is an ambiguous use of the word "disposable" in Pedro s argument

  (D) demonstrating that cloth diapers are a far more serious threat to the environment than disposable diapers are

  (E) suggesting that the economic advantages of cloth diapers outweigh8 whatever environmental damage they may cause

  22. In an experiment, two-year-old boys and their fathers made pie dough9 together using rolling pins and other utensils10. Each father-son pair used a rolling pin that was distinctively11 different from those used by the other, "father-son pairs, and each father repeated the phrase "rolling pin" each time his son used it. But when the children were asked to identify all of the rolling pins among a group of kitchen utensils that included several rolling pins, each child picked only the one that he had used.

  Which one of the following inferences is most supported by the information above?

  (A) the children did not grasp the function of rolling pin.

  (B) No two children understood the name "rolling pin" to apply to the same object

  (C) The children understood that all rolling pins have the same general shape.

  (D) Each child was able to identify correctly only the utensils that he had used.

  (E) The children were not able to distinguish the rolling pins they used from other rolling pins.

  23. When 100 people who have not used cocaine12 are tested for cocaine use, on average only 5 will test positive. By contrast. of every 100 people who have used cocaine 99 will test positive. Thus, when a randomly13 chosen group of people is tested for cocaine use. the vast majority of those who test positive will be people who have used cocaine.

  A reasoning error in the argument is that the argument

  (A) attempts to infer a value judgment14 from purely15 factual premises16.

  (B) attributes to every member of the population the properties of the average member of the population.

  (C) fails to take into account what proportion of the population have used cocaine.

  (D) ignores the fact that some cocaine users do not test positive.

  (E) advocates testing people for cocaine use when there is no reason to suspect that they have used cocaine.

  24. If a society encourages freedom of thought and expression, then, during the time when it does so, creativity will flourish in that society. In the United States creativity flourished, during the eighteenth century. It is clear, therefore, that freedom of thought was encouraged in the United States during the eighteenth century.

  An error of reasoning of the same kind as one contained in the passage is present in each of the following arguments EXCEPT:

  (A) According to the airline industry, airfares have to rise if air travel is to be made safer; since airfares were just raised, we can rest assured that air travel will therefore become safer.

  (B) We can conclude that the Hillside police department has improved its efficiency, because crime rates are down in Hillside, and it is an established fact that crime rates go down when police departments increase their efficiency.

  (C) People who are really interested in the preservation17 of wildlife obviously do not go hunting for big game; since Gerda has never gone hunting for big game and intends never gone hunting for big game and intends never to do so. it is clear that she is really interested in the preservation of wildlife.

  (D) If the contents of a bottle are safe to drink, the bottle will not be marked "position" so, since the bottle is not marked "poison", its contents will be safe to drink.

  (E) None of the so-called Western democracies is really democratic, because, for a country to be democratic, the opinion of each of its citizens must have a meaningful effect on government, and in none of these countries does each citizen s opinion have such an effect.



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1 exterior LlYyr     
adj.外部的,外在的;表面的
参考例句:
  • The seed has a hard exterior covering.这种子外壳很硬。
  • We are painting the exterior wall of the house.我们正在给房子的外墙涂漆。
2 lessened 6351a909991322c8a53dc9baa69dda6f     
减少的,减弱的
参考例句:
  • Listening to the speech through an interpreter lessened its impact somewhat. 演讲辞通过翻译的嘴说出来,多少削弱了演讲的力量。
  • The flight to suburbia lessened the number of middle-class families living within the city. 随着迁往郊外的风行,住在城内的中产家庭减少了。
3 congestion pYmy3     
n.阻塞,消化不良
参考例句:
  • The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。
  • Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。
4 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
5 curb LmRyy     
n.场外证券市场,场外交易;vt.制止,抑制
参考例句:
  • I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
  • You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。
6 annually VzYzNO     
adv.一年一次,每年
参考例句:
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。
7 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
8 outweigh gJlxO     
vt.比...更重,...更重要
参考例句:
  • The merits of your plan outweigh the defects.你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
  • One's merits outweigh one's short-comings.功大于过。
9 dough hkbzg     
n.生面团;钱,现款
参考例句:
  • She formed the dough into squares.她把生面团捏成四方块。
  • The baker is kneading dough.那位面包师在揉面。
10 utensils 69f125dfb1fef9b418c96d1986e7b484     
器具,用具,器皿( utensil的名词复数 ); 器物
参考例句:
  • Formerly most of our household utensils were made of brass. 以前我们家庭用的器皿多数是用黄铜做的。
  • Some utensils were in a state of decay when they were unearthed. 有些器皿在出土时已经残破。
11 distinctively Wu7z42     
adv.特殊地,区别地
参考例句:
  • "Public risks" is a recent term for distinctively high-tech hazards. “公共风险”是个特殊的高技术危害个人的一个最新术语。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • His language was natural, unaffected, distinctively vivid, humorous and strongly charming. 语言既朴实无华,又鲜明生动,幽默而富有艺术魅力。
12 cocaine VbYy4     
n.可卡因,古柯碱(用作局部麻醉剂)
参考例句:
  • That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
  • Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。
13 randomly cktzBM     
adv.随便地,未加计划地
参考例句:
  • Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内,分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
  • Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句
14 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见
参考例句:
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
15 purely 8Sqxf     
adv.纯粹地,完全地
参考例句:
  • I helped him purely and simply out of friendship.我帮他纯粹是出于友情。
  • This disproves the theory that children are purely imitative.这证明认为儿童只会单纯地模仿的理论是站不住脚的。
16 premises 6l1zWN     
n.建筑物,房屋
参考例句:
  • According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定,场内不准饮酒。
  • All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行,不用送到外面去做。
17 preservation glnzYU     
n.保护,维护,保存,保留,保持
参考例句:
  • The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
  • The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。
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