中考考点:冠词的用法专题精讲及同步练习
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  -命题趋势

  冠词虽小,只有a,an和the三个,但却是历年各地中考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,有时在完形填空中出现。从命题意图看,以考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别、不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别为主。同时考查冠词的各种不同用法。

  -考查重点

  冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法,定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。其中,不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题考查的热点,也是今后的考查方向。

  一.冠词概述

  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义

  冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。

  定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用

  二.a和an的区别

  不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

  例如:a boy,a university,a European1 country;

  an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,an umbrella

  三.不定冠词的用法

  1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。

  2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

  3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。

  4.表示“每一”,相当于every. 例如,I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。

  5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。例如,I have three books. I want to buy a fourth2 one.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。

  6.用在某些固定词组中:a lot(of)许多,大量;after a while3过一会儿

  四.定冠词的用法

  1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。

  2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如:Open the window,please.请打开窗户。

  3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如:I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。

  4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如:Which is bigger,the sun or the earth4?哪一个大,太阳还是地球?

  5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。例如:The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。

  6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如,the Great Wall 长城,the United5 States美国

  7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人

  8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如:the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩

  9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间

  10.用在乐器名称前。例如:She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。

  11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。

  例如:the Black Sea黑海,the Yangzi River长江

  12.用在某些固定词组中:all the same仍然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说;do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外,在野外

  五.零冠词的用法

  1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如,Class Two二班,Tian’an Men Square天安门广场,water水

  2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。

  例如my book(正);my the book(误)

  3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。

  例如,They are teachers.他们是老师。

  Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉

  4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。例如:on Sunday在周日,in March在三月,in spring在春天,on Women’s Day在妇女节

  (特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:He joined the Army8 in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)

  5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈

  6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如:I have lunch at school every day.

  特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运动”)

  7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:No.25 Middle School

  8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。

  (1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:by bus乘公共汽车;by car乘汽车;by bike骑/坐自行车;by train乘火车;by air/plane乘飞机;by sea/ship乘船,但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike前需用冠词

  (2)名词词组:day and night日日夜夜;brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻;here and there到处

  (3)介词词组:at home在家;in surprise惊奇地;at noon在中午;on foot步行;at night在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time准时;for example例如;in class在上课;on show展览;in bed在床上

  (4)go短语:go home回家;go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学;go to work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
  六.用与不用冠词的差异

  in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

  go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边

  on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上,在世上

  in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面

  take place发生/take the place(of)代替

  at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁

  by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

  in future9从今以后,将来/in the future未来

  go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去

  on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上

  two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)

  out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,办不到的

  next year明年/the next year 第二年

  a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

  七、例题剖析

  例1.He gave10 my sister ____useful book yesterday.

  A. an B. a

  C. / D the

  【答案】B useful的第一个音素为[ju] 故选B。

  例2.My brother is____ honest12 boy, so he has many friends.

  A. a B. an

  C. the D /

  【答案】B honest 的第一个音素为元音。

  例3.More college13 graduates14 would15 like to work in____ west part16 of country____ next year.

  A. the; the B. /; /

  C. /; the D. the; /

  【答案】A 方位名词前加the,in the west part;由句意可知为第二年,即the next year。

  例4.There is a big tree____ the house.

  A. in the front of

  B. in front of

  C. in front

  D. at class

  【答案】B 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。

  例5.Jim always answers the teacher’s questions _______.

  A. in class B. in the class

  C. after class D. at class

  【答案】A 课上回答老师的问题,故选in class。
  八、同步练习

  1.There is _____ apple on the desk.

  A. a B .the C. an D./

  2.The girl under ____ tree is my sister.

  A. a B .the

  C .an D./

  3.Mary is from _____ USA.

  A. a B. the

  C. an D./

  4.He met _____ friend of his on the road.

  A. a B .the

  C .an D./

  5.Mr Black will go back to England______.

  A .by air B .by a plane

  C. by trains D. at a train

  6.Yesterday I went to____ work on ____foot.

  A. /, / B ./, the

  C .the, / D. the, the

  7.There is ____“h” in the word “hour”, but____ “h”doesn’t make a sound.

  A. a, a B. a, the

  C. the, ,an D .an. the

  8.I’m going17 to see my mother. She is ill ____.

  A. in hospital

  B. in the hospital

  C. in a hospital

  D. at a hospital

  9. We have three meals18 ____day. We have breakfast at 6:30 in ____morning every day.

  A. the, the, the

  B. the, /, the

  C. a, /, the

  D .a, the, the

  10.——This is____ film I’ve told you about several19 times.

  ——It’s great. I’ve never seen20 ___ more moving one.

  A. a, a B. the, the

  C. the, a D. a, the

  11.——Tina,could you please play____ piano for me while I’m singing?

  ——With pleasure21.

  A .a B. an

  C. the D. /

  12.I want to try again. Please give me____ third chance22 again.

  A .a B. the

  C. an D. /

  13. ——What’s the matter with you?

  ——I caught____ bad cold and had23 to stay in____ bed.

  A. a; / B. a; the

  C. a; a D. the; the

  14.____ sun is shining24 brightly.

  A. A B. An

  C. The D. /

  15. Swimming is____ in summer.

  A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun

  参考答案:

  1-5CBBAA

  6-10ADACC

  11-15CAACB

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 European 8nTxh     
adj.欧洲的,发生在欧洲的;n.欧洲人
参考例句:
  • France is a european nation.法国是个欧洲国家。
  • I am not very familiar with European history.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。
2 fourth mfNzv     
n.四分之一;num.第四
参考例句:
  • The fourth lesson is science.第四节是科学课。
  • The Fourth of July is the national holiday of the US.七月四日是美国国庆日。
3 while IeZz7W     
conj.当…的时候;而;虽然;尽管 n.一会儿
参考例句:
  • In a short while,the cat ate up the fish.不久,那只猫便将鱼吃个精光。
  • He teaches English in the school all the while.他一直在这所学校里教英语。
4 earth ar7xL     
n.陆地;大地;地球
参考例句:
  • The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
  • Spring returns to the earth.大地回春。
5 united Yfmz2c     
adj.和谐的;团结的;联合的,统一的
参考例句:
  • The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
  • The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。
6 states 34d955a0df5f7af9c9b4e4dccb3c3564     
国家( state的名词复数 ); 州; [the states][口语]美国; 心态
参考例句:
  • the assumed differences between the two states 两种状况的假定区别
  • He barnstormed across the southern states in an attempt to woo the voters. 他在南方各州作巡回演说,企图拉选票。
7 blind SRgye     
adj.盲目的,瞎的;n.百叶窗;v.使失明
参考例句:
  • He is blind in the left eye.他的左眼是瞎的。
  • The blind live in the dark.盲人在黑暗中生活。
8 army mNBy1     
n.军队,陆军,正规军,野战军
参考例句:
  • The army numbered four to five thousand at the start.这支军队开始才有四五千人。
  • What is the total strength of the enemy army?敌军人数总共有多少?
9 future 9hhx1     
adj.将来的,未来的;n.将来,未来
参考例句:
  • We are still on the way of future.我们还在未来的路上。
  • We all work hard in the interests of our future.我们都为我们自己的将来而努力工作。
10 gave YgSxz     
vbl.(give的过去式)给予,产生,发表
参考例句:
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱,我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图,这样你就不会迷路了。
11 useful QjHwV     
adj.有用的;有益的
参考例句:
  • The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
  • He's a useful member of the team.他是该队的一名强手。
12 honest ccrxd     
adj.诚实的;真诚的
参考例句:
  • He was very honest to tell me his story.他十分坦率地给我讲了他的故事。
  • He has an honest face.他有一张诚实坦率的脸。
13 college BqrzH     
n.学院;高等专科学校
参考例句:
  • The college drama society is going to put on a play.大学戏剧协会正准备上演一个剧目。
  • I was hot on playing basketball when I was in college.我上大学时热衷于打篮球。
14 graduates 46357a08a1ebcc49aa709632d02f485b     
n.毕业生( graduate的名词复数 );大学毕业生;(已经取得学士学位正在攻读高级学位的)研究生;量筒v.渐变( graduate的第三人称单数 );渐渐变为(与into连用);渐渐消逝(与away连用);取得资格(与as连用)
参考例句:
  • Graduates from our school are working all over the island. 我们学校的毕业生在全岛各地工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • About 80 percent of the graduates advanced to senior high schools. 约有80%的毕业生升入了高中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
16 part m45zX     
n.部份,零件;角色,部位;vt.分开,分离,分配;vi.分离,离开;adv.部份地;adj.分离的
参考例句:
  • This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
  • Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色?
17 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
18 meals WoCzAW     
n.餐( meal的名词复数 );进餐时间;一餐所吃的食物;谷物粗粉(用作饲料或加工面粉)
参考例句:
  • Try not to eat between meals. 两餐之间尽量别吃东西。
  • tasty and nutritious meals 既可口又有营养的饭菜
19 several STMzb     
adj.几个,若干,数个;各个的,各自的
参考例句:
  • Words often have several meanings.单词往往有若干个意思。
  • Several new members have come into the club since last year.自去年以来,又有些新成员加入了俱乐部。
20 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
21 pleasure sOzxl     
n.愉快,快乐,高兴,乐事,乐趣,意志,愿望
参考例句:
  • It's a pleasure talking to you.同您谈话很愉快。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
22 chance fXEzh     
n.机会,意外;运气;风险;vi.偶然发生;vt.偶然发生,冒险
参考例句:
  • We will take a chance to have the party outdoor.我们将冒险举行露天聚会。
  • This is the last chance any of us has.对于我们中的任何人来说,这是最后的一次机会。
23 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
24 shining AiDzeK     
adj.光亮的;华丽的v.发光( shine的现在分词)
参考例句:
  • Although the sun was shining it wasn't very warm. 尽管太阳高照,却不很暖和。
  • The windows were shining in the reflected rays of the setting sun. 窗户上闪耀着落日的余晖。
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