2007年初中英语期末总复习之词汇篇-下
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)


  四、容易混淆的介词:
  [考试说明] 熟练掌握介词in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、before的常见用法;理解这11个介词的其他用法及所学其他介词的一般用法。

  1. above & over; below1 & under

  [误] Our classroom is over theirs.

  [正] Our classroom is above theirs.

  [误] The plane flew3 above the bridge4.

  [正] The plane flew over the bridge.

  [误] The lights hung5 above the desk.

  [正] The lights hung over the desk.

  above、over都表示“在…上面”,且都表示表面不接触的上方,但over指垂直在上,而above则表示位置较高,不一定是正上方。

  below、under都表示“在…下面”,below指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物的正下方,其反义词是above,而under指在某物的正下方,有垂直在下的意思,其反义词是over。

  2. by & on & over & through

  [误] They’re talking on the radio.

  [正] They’re talking by radio.

  “通过无线电交谈”习惯上说talk by radio,名词前不加冠词。

  “通过收音机听到”习惯上说hear sth. on/over/through the radio,名词前加冠词。

  “通过电视看到”习惯上说watch sth. on TV。

  “通过电话交谈”习惯上说talk with sb. on/over the telephone。

  “通过人造卫星收发电视节目”习惯上说through man-made6 satellites7

  3. in & on & to

  [误] Tian wan8 is to the east of China.

  [误] Tian wan is on the east of China.

  [正] Tian wan is in the east of China.

  表示方位“在……(东西南北)边)时,介词in、on、to有不同的用法。以“在……东部”为例,表示在该地范围之内,用in the east of,表示在该地与某地“相邻”,有接壤之意,用on the east of,表示不在该地范围,且有中间物,用to the east of。

  4. in the end & at the end of & by the end of & at last

  都有“最后”的意思,但in the end表示“结果,末了”,与at last是同义词组,at the end of表示“在……末端,尽头”,后面要接名词短语,by the end of表示“在……结束时,末了为止”,后面接时间短语。

  5. to & for & toward(s)

  [误] He is leaving to HongKong next month.

  [正] He is leaving for HongKong next month.

  to,toward(s)作静态介词,表示静态位置时,均表示“朝……”或“向……”,一般两者可通用,towards指时间“将近”,意思是nearly;to则表示一段时间的终点,“差……到”的意思;for常用在leave、start等后面,表示要去的目的地,不可用to。
  五、容易混淆的连词:
  [考试说明] 掌握并列连词(如:and、but、or)和从属连词(如:when、if、that等)的基本用法。

  1. because & since9 & as2 & for

  [误] Because he was10 ill, so he didn’t go to school today.

  [正] Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.

  [正] He didn’t go to school today because he was ill.

  because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是正式的理由。在含because的句子中,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句的结果上。因此,回答why提出的问题时,只能用because,不能用since、as或for。because of后面只能跟短语,不能跟从句。

  since表示的原因,指人们已知的事实,常译为“既然”,引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因,不是对原因的强调。because与since不能与so连用。

  as表示原因与since差别不大,只是语气更弱,是显而易见的理由。

  for表示因果关系时,可与because替换使用,所不同的只是它只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首。在含for的句子里,for从句有时只是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因,与前一分句不存在因果关系。

  2.either11…or… & neither12…nor… & not only…but also… & both…and…

  [误] Either he or I are right.

  [正] Either he or I am right.

  前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数。

  六、容易混淆的代词:

  [考试说明] 熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及基本用法,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法;掌握反身代词作为宾语和同位语的基本用法;熟练掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法。

  1. either & each & none13 & neither & both & all & some

  [误] Either of the books are good.

  [正] Either of the books is good.

  either/ each / none / neither of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数, 其中neither的也可用复数;both/ all /some of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
  [模拟练习]
  1. Mum, I’m very thirsty. Is there _____ in the fridge?

  A. some milkB. any juiceC. any breadD. some cakes

  2. –What time is it?

  --Sorry. I don’t have a ______.

  A. bookB. watchC. penD. picture

  3. ______ is ______.

  A. Orange, orangeB. Orange, an orange

  C. An orange, orange D. An ranges15, an orange

  4. Oh. It’s time ______.

  A. for breakB. to breakC. for a breakD. to a break

  5. The novel16 is very ______. I’m ______ in it.

  A. interest17, interestB. interesting, interesting

  C. interested18, interestedD. interesting, interested

  6. Although19 the man lived ______, he didn’t feel ______ because he had20 quite ______ old friends.

  A. lonely21, lonely, fewB. alone23, alone, few22

  C. alone, lonely, a fewD. lonely, alone, a few

  7. Everyday24 Mr. Green got25 ______ the lift and then got ______ his car to go to work.

  A. on, offB. into, out, of

  C. off26, onD. out of, into

  8. The jacket is so expensive. It ______ me a lot of money.

  A. takesB. spendsC. paysD. costs27

  9. Don’t throw about the paper. Please ______.

  A. pick28 up itB. pick it upC. picks29 up itD. picks it up

  10. Please hurry up! The plane ______ in a few minutes.

  A. takes downB. will take away

  C. takes placeD. will take off

  11. His brother enjoys ______ football matches.

  A. seeingB. lookingC. watchingD. finding30

  12. You may ______ we go to visit our uncle.

  A. sayB. tellC. speakD. talk

  13. When we ran14 to the railway31 station, the plane just ______.

  A. reachedB. gotC. arrivedD. went

  14. China has ______ several32 manmade satellites into space.

  A. sent upB. sent forC. sent awayD. sent back

  15. You can ______ the book until33 you finish ______ it.

  A. borrow34, looking B. lend35, watching

  C. keep, readingD. return36, seeing

  16. The box is ______. You can’t put ______ in it.

  A. empty, somethingB. empty, anything

  C. full, somethingD. full, anything

  17. China is a ______ country in the world.

  A. bigB. hugeC.tallD. great

  18. There is ______ time for me to think. I must leave at once.

  A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little

  19. Girls always try to keep their rooms ______.

  A. cleanB. cleaningC. to cleanD. cleans

  20. –You look pretty today. --______.

  A. You’re right.B. All right.

  C. No. You’re not right.D. Thank you.

  答案: 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 below xQKy2     
prep./adv.在……的下面;低于……
参考例句:
  • I looked down at the hall below.我瞧了瞧下面的大厅。
  • The temperature is below zero.温度在零度以下。
2 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
3 flew qjixc     
vbl.fly的过去式
参考例句:
  • She flew from New York to London.她从纽约乘飞机到伦敦。
  • The birds flew away.鸟儿飞走了。
4 bridge kSkyp     
n.桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.渡过,架桥
参考例句:
  • There are two bookshops near the bridge.大桥附近有两家书店。
  • I am strange at bridge.我对桥牌是外行。
5 hung qbdxz     
v.悬( hang的过去式和过去分词 );(被)绞死;贴;逗留
参考例句:
  • The picture hung aslant. 照片挂歪了。
  • The caller hung up. 打电话的人挂断了电话。
6 man-made joPzdv     
adj.人造的,合成的,人为的
参考例句:
  • Nylon is a man-made fibre.尼龙是一种人造纤维。
  • Many countries have sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth.许多国家已经发射人造卫星围绕地球运转。
7 satellites 2db8c39a74e44ef5e087a2db922e7bc5     
n.卫星( satellite的名词复数 );人造卫星;卫星国;附庸国
参考例句:
  • Many countries have sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth. 许多国家已经发射人造卫星围绕地球运转。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The previously unidentified objects have now been definitely ascertained as being satellites. 原来所说的不明飞行物现在已证实是卫星。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 wan np5yT     
(wide area network)广域网
参考例句:
  • The shared connection can be an Ethernet,wireless LAN,or wireless WAN connection.提供共享的网络连接可以是以太网、无线局域网或无线广域网。
9 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
10 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
11 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
12 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
13 none pHjxr     
adv.一点也不;prep.没人,毫无;pron.没有人,没有任何东西
参考例句:
  • Remember that none is perfect.记住没有任何人是完美的。
  • There's almost none left.几乎一个没剩。
14 ran lTxxe     
vbl.run的过去式
参考例句:
  • He ran,and then slowed down to a walk.他跑着,然后放慢速度步行。
  • As soon as Marie opened the door,the dog ran in.当玛丽一打开门,狗就跑了进来。
15 ranges 8d8102fb58fd9e8e1b76f1907171bc97     
n.类( range的名词复数 );(变动或浮动的)范围;射程;靶场v.搜索( range的第三人称单数 );变化;延伸;漫游
参考例句:
  • The disease ranges widely in severity. 这种病的严重程度可以很不同。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The mountain ranges rise and fall. 山峦起伏。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
16 novel o0ayi     
n.小说,长篇故事;adj.新奇的,异常的
参考例句:
  • She spent a peaceful afternoon by the river,reading a novel.她在河边看小说,度过了一个宁静的下午。
  • She finished writing her novel.她完成了她的小说。
17 interest bRbzu     
v.引起…关注;使…感兴趣
参考例句:
  • She lost interest in him.她对他失去兴趣。
  • He developed an interest in science.他养成了对科学的兴趣。
18 interested WqFzGH     
adj.感兴趣的;拥有权益的;有成见的v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • to be interested in wildlife conservation 对野生动物保护感兴趣
  • I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
19 although 2Liyg     
conj(=though)虽然,即使,纵然,尽管
参考例句:
  • Although my car is very old,It'still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧,但仍然跑得很快。
  • Although he worked hard,he failed in the exam.虽然他很努力,但他考试没有及格。
20 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
21 lonely P0gxM     
adj.孤独的,寂寞的,孤零零的,人迹罕至的
参考例句:
  • The place is a bit lonely.那个地方有点荒凉。
  • I don't feel lonely as I've made new friends here. 我在这里又交了新朋友,一点也不寂寞。
22 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
23 alone 5L2yn     
adj.单独的,孤独的;adv.单独地,独自地;仅仅
参考例句:
  • He often makes a round trip to the hospital alone.他经常一个人往返医院。
  • It is dangerous for a girl to go out alone at night.一个女孩夜里单独外出是危险的。
24 everyday Qnux5     
adj.每天的,日常的,平常的
参考例句:
  • Sweeping the floor is his everyday work.扫地是他的日常工作。
  • He practices speaking English everyday.他每天练习说英语。
25 got wfuxi     
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
参考例句:
  • I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
  • I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
26 off 7Ilxf     
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
参考例句:
  • You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
  • I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
27 costs be9bd32df53512c2246361c712a26051     
n.讼费,诉讼费用;不惜任何代价;价钱( cost的名词复数 );花费;牺牲;[用复数][法律]诉讼费(尤指判处败方偿付胜方的诉讼费用)v.价钱为,花费( cost的第三人称单数 );估计成本;付出(代价);估价
参考例句:
  • Administration costs are passed on to the customer. 行政费用转嫁给了消费者。
  • Our trips are all-inclusive—there are no hidden costs. 我们的旅行费用全包—没有任何隐含性费用。
28 pick QN5x0     
n.精选,掘;鹤嘴锄;vt.摘,掘,凿,挑选,挖,挑剔;vi. 摘,掘,凿,挖,挑选
参考例句:
  • Please don't pick the flowers.请勿攀折花木。
  • We are going to pick apples.我们要去摘苹果。
29 picks acd9f82099bcae0b0333bee07cac6715     
n.镐( pick的名词复数 );最佳选择;选中的人(或物)v.采( pick的第三人称单数 );摘;啄;叼
参考例句:
  • workmen with picks and shovels 手拿镐铲的工人
  • The car picks up speed with just a touch of the accelerator. 这辆车只要你一触加速器就会加速。 来自《简明英汉词典》
30 finding 5tAzVe     
n.发现,发现物;调查的结果
参考例句:
  • The finding makes some sense.该发现具有一定的意义。
  • That's an encouraging finding.这是一个鼓舞人心的发现。
31 railway lAMzp     
n.铁路;v.由铁道运输
参考例句:
  • Police closed in the railway station.警察关闭了火车站。
  • Our village is close to the railway station.我们村挨近火车站。
32 several STMzb     
adj.几个,若干,数个;各个的,各自的
参考例句:
  • Words often have several meanings.单词往往有若干个意思。
  • Several new members have come into the club since last year.自去年以来,又有些新成员加入了俱乐部。
33 until cjnw3     
prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才...
参考例句:
  • He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
  • She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
34 borrow LRLyI     
vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借
参考例句:
  • Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗?
  • You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
35 lend 917xa     
v.把…借给;借给
参考例句:
  • Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗?
  • They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。
36 return mDvyr     
vi.返回,回来;送还;回复,恢复;vt.归还,送还;n.返回,归来;偿还,归还;回复
参考例句:
  • I'll return at 10 this evening.我今晚十点回来。
  • I often return in dreams to my hometown.我常常在梦中回到我的故乡。
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