2007年初中英语九大词类复习攻略-形容词 副词
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  三、形容词(adj.)表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用

  四、副词(adv.)表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子

  (一)形容词的用法及位置

  1.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等,作定语时一般放在名词前。

  Eg. She has short hair.(作定语)

  Paul is tall.(作表语)

  We must keep our room clean.(作宾补)

  2.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。

  eg.She has something important2 to tell us./

  There’s nothing wrong in the sentence3.

  (二)副词的种类、用法及位置

  1.副词的种类

  (1)时间副词

  ①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,sO faf

  ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never

  ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally

  (2)地点副词

  ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere

  ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past

  (3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully4carelessly5,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly

  (4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly

  (5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句:how,when, where,why

  (6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why

  (7)关系副词引导定语从句:when,where,why

  (8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。

  2.副词的用法及位置

  (1)修饰动词作状语

  ①多数位于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。

  eg.The farmers are working hard in the field6.

  She speaks English well.

  The nurse looks after the babies carefully.

  ②频度副词放在动词前,情态动词和助动词之后。

  eg.He always goes to school On foot.

  She was7 often late for school.

  I have never been to Beijing·

  (2)修饰形容词作状语,放在形容词前。

  eg.He has a very nice watch.

  The box is too heavy.

  (3)修饰另一副词作状语,放在另一副词前。

  eg.She paints quite well.

  You speak too fast.I can’t understand you.

  (4)作表语,放在系动词后。

  eg.Is anybody8 in?

  (5)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。

  eg.I saw9 him out just now.

  (6)作定语,放在名词之后。

  eg.There is a man:here On vacation10.

  (7)疑问副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps11,first,sometimes,finally等副词,一般放在句首。

  eg.Finally,I finished12 the work.

  Perhaps he’s watching TV at home.

  (8)表示程度的副词一般放在被修饰词前,而enough则放在它所修饰的词后。

  eg. He is old enough to go to school.

  (三)形容词和副词的比较等级

  1.比较级、最高级的构成

  (1)单音节和少数双音节词

  ①一般在词尾加er或est

  great--greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest,slow→slower→slowest

  ②以e结尾的只加r或st

  nice——nicer----nicest,large——larger—largest.

  ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est

  heavy——heavier——heaviest, easy——easier——>easiest, busy——busier——busiest, funny——funnier——+funniest,early——earlier→earliest

  ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est big——bigger——biggest, thin——thinner——>thinnest,fat—)fatter→fattest,ht—)fitter→fittest

  (2)多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级

  careful→more careful——most careful

  useful13——more useful——most useful

  popular14→more popular→most popular

  carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly

  (3)不规则变化的词

  good/well→better→best

  bad/ill/badly→worse→worst

  many/much→more→most

  little→less→least

  old→older/elder→oldest(指年龄大小)/eldest(指长幼顺序)

  far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度)

  2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法

  (1)形容词和副词比较级的用法

  ①用于两者比较,表示“比…更…”:

  “A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B,

  eg.I am two years older than my little sister.

  “A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B:

  eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students.

  ②用于两者之间的同级比较,表示“…和…一样”:

  “A+系动词+as1+形容词原级+as+B,

  eg.Bill15 is as funny as his father.

  “A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+B”

  eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily16.

  ③表示甲在某方面不如乙:

  “A+系动词+notas/so+形容i司原级+as十B”

  eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.

  “A+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS/SO+B”

  eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does.

  ④表示某个范围内的两者相比:

  “A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)” eg.Penny17 is the taller of the two girls.Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。

  ⑤表示“越来越…”:“比较级+and+比较级”

  eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer.在春天,白天变得越来越长。

  ⑥表示“越…越…”:“the+比较级…the+比较级”

  eg.The mort:you practice18 using English,the better you’ll learn it你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。

  ①可以用much,far,even19,a bit,a little,a lot等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。

  eg.Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一点;

  it is even colder today than yesterday。今天甚至比昨天更冷

  ⑧在比较级中,为了避免重复,可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。

  eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown20.这儿比我的老家热得多。

  The pants21 in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。

  (3)形容词和副词最高级的用法

  对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用最高级。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前可加the,也可省掉the;后面可带of/in短浯来说明比较范围:

  “主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of短语/in短语”

  eg.She is the youngest Of all.

  “A+谓语动词+(the)+最高级+of短语/in短语”

  eg.Linda draws most carefully in her class.

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
2 important wcIzI     
adj.重要的;重大的;严重的
参考例句:
  • It's important to find out what he is doing.弄清他在干什么是重要的。
  • This is a very important problem.这个问题很重要。
3 sentence szCwb     
n.句子;判决,宣判 vt.宣判,判决
参考例句:
  • It is a simple sentence.这是个简单句。
  • This is the first sentence. 这是第一句话。
4 carefully FTDyE     
adv.仔细地;小心地
参考例句:
  • If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细观察,你就会看出如何做此事了。
  • Now listen carefully everybody.请大家仔细地听。
5 carelessly QxazYP     
adv.无忧无虑地;粗心大意地;草率地;淡漠地
参考例句:
  • Don't bundle all the clothes into that bag so carelessly. 别把所有的衣服随随便便塞进那个手提包里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Products must be strictly, not carelessly, inspected before they leave the factory. 产品出厂要严格检查,马马虎虎可不行。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 field qksxD     
adj.野外;n.地,田地
参考例句:
  • Go into the field and clear those boys off.到田里去把那些男孩赶走。
  • He is going across the field.他正穿越田野。
7 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
8 anybody 7Mcy5     
n.重要人物;pron.任何人
参考例句:
  • They do not see anybody.他们没看见任何人。
  • You couldn't tell anybody.你不能告诉任何人。
9 saw ts3yA     
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
参考例句:
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
10 vacation miMww     
n.假期,休假;vi.度假
参考例句:
  • I'll take a vacation this weekend.这个周末我要休假。
  • The vacation passed away quickly.假期过得很快。
11 perhaps wM0x5     
adv.也许,可能
参考例句:
  • Perhaps it will rain in the afternoon.下午可能有雨。
  • Perhaps I can help you.也许我能帮帮你的忙吧。
12 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
13 useful QjHwV     
adj.有用的;有益的
参考例句:
  • The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
  • He's a useful member of the team.他是该队的一名强手。
14 popular XOaxT     
adj.受欢迎的;流行的;通俗的
参考例句:
  • " Mary " is a very popular name for a girl.“ 玛丽 ”是个很常见的女孩名字。
  • He likes to play football and to sing popular songs.他喜欢踢足球和唱流行歌曲。
15 bill MdAy2     
(Bill)比尔(男名);n.帐单,钞票,票据,清单;议案,法案;广告;鸟嘴,喙;vt.开帐单,用海报宣传,把...列成表
参考例句:
  • Bill is both a good swimmer and a good cook.比尔不仅是个游泳好手,而且是个烹调能手。
  • It will save trouble if you pay the bill now.如果你现在付账就没事了。
16 lily c12xZ     
n.百合,百合花,睡莲
参考例句:
  • She is as fair as lily.她像百合花一样美。
  • She destroyed a lily flower.她破坏了一朵百合花.
17 penny 0MFxu     
n.(英)便士,美分
参考例句:
  • I will not lent you a penny.我一便士都不愿借给你。
  • Sugar has risen a penny a pound.糖价每磅涨了1便士。
18 practice oPJxa     
n.练习,实行,习惯;v.练习,实习,开业
参考例句:
  • I need to practice more.我要多加练习。
  • Knowledge comes from practice.知识来自于实践。
19 even EiUzR     
adj.平坦的,偶数的,相等的;adv.甚至,恰好,正当
参考例句:
  • It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷,今天更冷了。
  • He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少,但教得最好。
20 hometown prdzV7     
n.故乡;家乡
参考例句:
  • Australia is the hometown of kangaroos.澳大利亚是袋鼠的故乡。
  • My hometown is 100 miles away from here.我的家乡离这里有一百英里路。
21 pants 8mczIr     
n.(pl)裤子,短裤
参考例句:
  • This is a pair of pants.这是一条裤子。
  • What color are his pants?他的裤子是什么颜色?
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