Passage　1

When　your　parents　advise　you　to　"get　an　education"　in　order　to　raise　your　income,they　tell　you　only　half　the　truth.What　they　really　mean　is　to　get　just　enough　education　to　provide　manpower　for　your　society,but　not　so　much　that　you　prove　an　embarrassment¹　to　your　society.
Get　a　high　school　diploma,at　least.Without　that,you　will　be　occupationally　dead　unless　your　name　happens　to　be　George　Bernard　Shaw　or　Thomas　Alva　Edison,and　you　can　successfully　dropout²　in　grade　school.

Get　a　college　degree,if　possible.With　a　B.A.,you　are　on　the　launching　pad.But　now　you　have　to　start　to　put　on　the　brakes.If　you　go　for　a　master's　degree,make　sure　it　is　an　M.B.A.,and　is　famous　law　of　diminishing　returns　begins　to　take　effect.
Do　you　know,for　instance,that　long-haul　truck　drivers　earn　more　per　year　than　full　professors?Yes,the　average　1977　salary　for　those　truckers　was　$24000.　While　the　full　professors　managed　to　earn　just　$23030.
A　Ph.D.　is　the　highest　degree　you　can　get.Except　for　a　few　specialized³　fields　such　as　physics　or　chemistry　where　the　degree　can　quickly　be　turned　to　industrial　or　commercial　purposes,if　you　pursue　such　a　degree　in　any　other　field,you　will　face　a　dim　future.　there　are　more　Ph.D.s　unemloyed　or　underemployed　in　this　country　than　any　other　part　of　the　world.
If　you　become　a　doctor　of　philosophy　in　English　or　history　or　anthropology⁴　or　political　science　or　languages　or-worst　of　all-in　philosophy,you　run　the　risk　of　becoming　overeducated　for　our　national　demands.Not　for　our　needs,mind　you,but　for　our　demands.
Thousands　of　Ph.D.s　are　selling　shoes,driving　cars,waiting　on　table,and　endlessly　filling　out　applications　month　after　month.They　may　also　take　a　job　in　some　high　school　or　backwater　college　that　pays　much　less　than　the　janitor⁵　earns.
You　can　equate⁶　the　level　of　income　with　the　level　of　education　only　so　far.Far　enough,that　is,to　make　you　useful　to　the　gross　national　product,but　not　so　far　that　nobody　can　turn　much　of　a　profit　on　you.


According　to　the　writer,what　the　society　expects　of　education　is　to　turn　out　people　who　_____.[ANSWER]
A)will　not　be　a　disgrace　to　society
B)will　become　loyal　citizens
C)can　take　care　of　themselves
D)can　meet　the　nation's　demands　as　a　source　of　manpower


Many　Ph.D.s　are　out　of　job　because　_____.[ANSWER]
A)they　are　improperly⁷　educated
B)they　are　of　little　commercial　value　to　their　society
C)there　are　fewer　jobs　in　high　schools
D)they　prefer　easier　jobs　that　make　more　money


The　nation　is　only　interested　in　people　_____.[ANSWER]
A)with　diplomas
B)who　specialize　in　physics　and　chemistry
C)who　are　valuable　to　the　gross　national　product
D)both　A　and　C


Which　of　the　following　is　not　true?[ANSWER]
A)Bernard　Shaw　didn't　finish　high　schools,nor　did　Edison.
B)One　must　think　carefully　before　pursuing　a　master　degree.
C)The　higher　your　education　level,the　more　money　you　will　earn.
D)If　you　are　too　well-educated,you'll　be　overeducated　for　society's　demands.


The　writer　sees　education　as　_____.[ANSWER]
A)a　means　of　providing　job　security　and　financial　security　and　a　means　of　meeting　a　country's　demands　for　technical　workers
B)a　way　to　broaden　one's　horizons
C)more　important　than　finding　a　job
D)an　opportunity　that　everyone　should　have