UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 14 议论文的思路与练习（2）

        
    议论文的思路与练习（2）   
    分类思考法   
    为了尽快地帮助同学们在尽可能短的时间里熟悉四级作文的命题思路，以及在短时间内能够找到合适的论述理由，我们通过分析历年四级考试真题并研究了命题方向，在此基础上总结了四级作文通用的十大思考方向，很多题目要求考生分析某一现象发生原因或可能产生的影响，我们不妨从以下十个方向进行思考，打开思路：   
    1) 方便：convenient, convenience   
    相关话题：computer, internet，出外吃饭，电话，城市生活，例如：   
    The Internet is far more convenient and efficient than the written word or other conventional means of conveying meaning.   
    Advertisements can bring convenience to people’s lives.   
    Modern means of transportation make it very convenient for people to travel far or near, thus saving a lot of time and energy.    
    2) 效率：efficient, efficiently¹, efficiency   
    相关话题：计算机和高科技（high-tech² devices）减轻了体力劳动（manual labor），解放了人类（liberate³ humans），让人们有更多的时间从事其他的事情（more time are spent on other necessary matters）等，例如：   
    Advertisements build an efficient and direct link between manufacturers and customers.   
    Modern science and technology make our lives more efficient. A phone call, an e-mail or a fax can all bring people closer and make the world smaller.    
    3) 节省和浪费：save time, save money, save space, economical, frugal⁴, frugality⁵; thrift⁶, thrifty⁷ waste time\money\space, costly⁸, time-consuming, lavish⁹, 例如：   
    This will help them realize that it is not easy to make money and form the good habit of frugality.    
    There are many other ways for people to know commodities, so it is a waste to invest large sums of money in making advertisements on TV.    
    As for the young and middle-aged¹⁰, they should make better use of their prime years instead of spending so much time raising pets.    
    It’s a costly and time-consuming hobby. China is a developing country and many people are still below the poverty line. Some children of the right age in poverty-stricken areas can’t afford to go to school.    
    … will be great extravagance of time, energy and money.    
    4) 心理与性格：mental health, spiritual health, psychological health, personality, character    
    好的性格 independent, independence, independently, cooperate, cooperative, cooperation, compete, competitive, competition, team spirit, considerate, confident, confidence, confidently, ambition, ambitious, individuality, tolerance¹¹, sociable¹², perseverance¹³, deal with/solve problems by themselves (independent), optimistic    
    坏的性格 overbearing（专横的，傲慢的）, selfish, conservative, isolated¹⁴, conceited¹⁵（自以为是的）, egotistic（自我本位的）, arrogant¹⁶, domineering（作威作福的），overzealous（过分热心的），nihilist（虚无主义的），opportunistic（机会主义的），pessimistic    
    性格的养成：cultivate, foster, develop, encourage, enrich, improve, enhance    
    例如：   
    Taking a part-time job can help cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility.   
    It will help foster a sense of competition and cooperation, which is quite necessary in one’s future career.   
    Working outside campus can enhance one’s social awareness¹⁷ and help one become more socially adaptable¹⁸. With this, students are able to keep pace with the outside world.    
    It will do good for building up one’s confidence and offer one a sense of achievement because one can realize his value and capability¹⁹.    
    Through this experience, students can learn to cooperate and compromise and master interpersonal skills needed for future success.    
    5) 丰富的生活：pleasure, joy, recreation, entertain, entertaining, entertainment, leisure time, interesting, relax, relaxed, relaxation²⁰. 对立面：dull, monotonous²¹, tired, bored, tiredness, boring, tiring, fatigue²², lonely, loneliness, weary, weariness, too much stress from work（工作压力大），leisure time（业余时间增多），例如：   
    Gazing at the cold flickering²³ screen is a disinteresting and tiring experience. It is not a good way to relax.    
    Some advertisements are of high artistic²⁴ value, original and well designed; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives.    
    Raising pets is beneficial and joyful²⁵.   
    6) 环境：environment, environmental, pollute, polluted, pollution, pollutant²⁶, poisonous, contaminate, contamination, contaminated, contaminant, dirty, hygiene（卫生），nature（自然）、on good terms with（和谐相处），ruin, destroy（破坏），例如：   
    Some leaflets and handouts²⁷ are scattered²⁸ here and there, polluting the environment.    
    Some people are destroying our earth by overexploiting the natural resources for immediate²⁹ interests.    
    Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.    
    By using the Internet, we can save our natural resources such as forests. It is much more environmentally friendly. The traditional form of books consumes too much wood.   
    7) 身体健康：health, physical health, healthy, disease, strong, strength, energetic, energetically，physical fitness（健身），raised awareness of fitness（健康意识的提高），例如：   
    Too much viewing of TV will lead people to a sedentary life lacking adequate exercise, which does harm to their health.    
    Some people may be addicted³⁰ to netsurfing, which impairs³¹ people’s physical and mental health. (eyesight, radiation)   
    8) 安全和危险：safe, safety, safely, in safe, danger, dangerous, in danger, risk, hazard, hazardous    
    9) 经验：experience, social experience   
    10) 发展：   
    ¿ 学生学习的发展进步：   
    cope with the relationship between part-time jobs and study（大学生能否兼顾学习与工作），practice（如何学习与实践），be prepared for or meet the requirements of future occupations（如何面对未来职业的要求）。   
    ¿ 经济的发展：   
    economy, create more jobs, increase the tax base, improve society’s welfare，the reform and open-up policies（改革开放政策），economic construction（经济建设），market economy（市场经济），sustainable development（可持续发展），social atmosphere（良好的社会风气），social stability（社会稳定），public order（社会治安），social changes or transformations（社会变革），ideas or thoughts（人们的思想观念）。   
    This exerts a negative impact on one’s study because … occupies much of a student’s valuable time. A student’s sole task is to make good use of his limited time to acquire knowledge and skills which are essential to his future career.   
    Part-time jobs may take up most of students’ valuable time for study and have a pernicious（有害的）effect on their study and overall development.    
    It helps develop the economy, because it helps remove the obstacles in the way of progress and liberate people’s minds.   
    （新变化，新科技）… created more jobs to release the pressure of unemployment.    
    … helps to improve the economic strength.   
        
    从以上十大通用原因中选择合适的来说明下列题目：   
    1. 社会实践的必要性   
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
    2. 改革四级考试的原因   
                                                                                  
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
    3. 中国人家用汽车发展的优缺点