职称英语(理工类)辅导讲义(十四)
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
第二十篇(165)
Hacking1
(1)People tend to think of computers as isolated2 machines, working away all by themselves.
1.People usually regard computers as
A.part of a network
B.means of exchanging intelligence.
C.isolated or personal machines.
D.electronic machines.
Some do-personal computers without an outside link, like someone's hideaway(隐蔽的) cabin in the woods.But just as most homes are tied to a community by streets, bus routes and electric lines, computers that exchange intelligence are part of a community-local, national and even global network joined by telephone connections.
The computer network is a creation of the electronic age, but it is based on old-fashioned trust.It cannot work without trust.(2)A rogue3(无赖) loose(为所欲为的) in a computer system called hacker4 is worse than a thief entering your house.(3)He could go through anyone's electronic mail or add to, change, distort or delete anything in the information stored in the computer's memory.He could even take control of the entire system by implanting his own instructions in the software that runs it.He could shut computer to erase5 any sign of his ever having been there.
2.Why does the writer mention “a thief” in the second paragraph? (单词推理)
A.to show that a hacker is more dangerous than a thief.
B.to tell people that thieves like to steal computers nowadays.
C.to demand that a computer network should be set up against thieves.
D.to look into the case where hackers6 and thieves are the same people.
(3)He could go through anyone's electronic mail or add to, change, distort or delete anything in the information stored in the computer's memory.He could even take control of the entire system by implanting his own instructions in the software that runs it.He could shut computer to erase any sign of his ever having been there.
3.According to the passage, all the damages listed below could be done by a hacker EXCEPT
A.entering into computers illegally.
B.creating many electronic-age terms.
C.removing computer systems.
D.going through computer systems.Hacking, our electronic-age term for computer break-in, is more and more in the news ─ brainy kids vandalizing(肆意破坏) university records, even prank7(搞恶作剧) about in supposedly safeguarded systems.
To those who understand how computer networks are increasingly regulating life in the late 20th century, these are not laughing matters.A potential for disaster is building: a dissatisfied former insurance-company employee wipes out information from payroll8 files(工资表).A student sends out a “virus,” a secret and destructive command, over a national network.The virus copies itself at lightning speed, jamming the entire network ─ thousands of academic, commercial and government computer systems.Such disastrous9 episodes have already occurred.(4) Now exists the possibility of terrorism by computer.Fouling10(破坏) a system responsible for air-traffic control at a busy airport, or knocking out the telephones of a major city, is a relatively11 easy way to spread panic.
4.By saying “Now exists the possibility of terrorism by computer”, the writer means that(句子推理)
A.some employees may erase information from payroll files.
B.students who send out a virus may do disastrous damages to thousands of computers.
C.some people may spread fear in public by destroying computer systems.
D.some terrorists are trying to contact each other using electronic mails.
(5)Yet neither business nor government has done enough to toughen its defenses against attack.For one thing, such defenses are expensive; for another, they may interrupt communication ─ the main reason for using computers in the first place.
5.The main reason why business or government has not taken tough measures to stop hacking is that
A.they will cost too much money.
B.communication may be interrupted.
C.hacking has not caused much damage.
D.tough measures are illegal.


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1 hacking KrIzgm     
n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动
参考例句:
  • The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
  • We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。
2 isolated bqmzTd     
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句:
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
3 rogue qCfzo     
n.流氓;v.游手好闲
参考例句:
  • The little rogue had his grandpa's glasses on.这淘气鬼带上了他祖父的眼镜。
  • They defined him as a rogue.他们确定他为骗子。
4 hacker Irszg9     
n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人,电脑黑客
参考例句:
  • The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia.这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
  • This site was attacked by a hacker last week.上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。
5 erase woMxN     
v.擦掉;消除某事物的痕迹
参考例句:
  • He tried to erase the idea from his mind.他试图从头脑中抹掉这个想法。
  • Please erase my name from the list.请把我的名字从名单上擦去。
6 hackers dc5d6e5c0ffd6d1cd249286ced098382     
n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 );私自存取或篡改电脑资料者,电脑“黑客”
参考例句:
  • They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒,他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面,他们最终同意了。 来自互联网
7 prank 51azg     
n.开玩笑,恶作剧;v.装饰;打扮;炫耀自己
参考例句:
  • It was thought that the fire alarm had been set off as a prank.人们认为火警报警器响是个恶作剧。
  • The dean was ranking the boys for pulling the prank.系主任正在惩罚那些恶作剧的男学生。
8 payroll YmQzUB     
n.工资表,在职人员名单,工薪总额
参考例句:
  • His yearly payroll is $1.2 million.他的年薪是120万美元。
  • I can't wait to get my payroll check.我真等不及拿到我的工资单了。
9 disastrous 2ujx0     
adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的;极坏的,很糟的
参考例句:
  • The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
  • Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨,血本无归。
10 fouling 51c8adea6ef6cc2e33d171f8ae739b2d     
n.(水管、枪筒等中的)污垢v.使污秽( foul的现在分词 );弄脏;击球出界;(通常用废物)弄脏
参考例句:
  • He was sent off for fouling the other team's goalkeeper. 他因对对方守门员犯规而被罚出场。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A basketball player is allowed five personal fouls before fouling out. 篮球运动员侵人犯规五次即被罚下场。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
11 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
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