2002年10月全国英语(一)试题
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
PART ONE
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
1. There are only four areas _____ very many diamonds have been found.
 A. when   B. where   C. that   D. which

2. She decided1 to do ____ a lot of other girls were doing those days.
 A. how   B. why    C. which   D. what

3. Money provides a unit of account that serves _____ a standard to measure value.
 A. as    B. for    C. in    D. with

4. One way to preserve species2 _____ threat of extinction3 is to remove them to zoos and parks and breed4 them there.
 A. for   B. with   C. under  D. beyond

5. Regardless _____ which methods we choose, the end result will be the same.
 A. about  B. in     C. for   D. of

6. The burning of rainforests is directly _____ to the so-called5 greenhouse6 effect.
 A. contributing    B. attributing7
 C. constituting8    D. associating

7. Someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than turning his _____,is a true friend.
 A. face   B. head   C. hand   D. back

8. The expression "haste9 makes waste" does not _____ to reading.
 A. affect    B. apply   C. adopt   D. attend

9. Experiments have to be made under carefully _____ conditions.
 A. treated   B. supplied   C. related10   D. controlled

10. The atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases _____ miles high.
 A. hundreds     B. hundreds of
 C. of hundreds    D. of hundreds of

Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each)

在下列短文中有十个空白,每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案,并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
If we were asked what we were doing a year ago, we would probably have to say that we couldn't remember. But if we kept a book and had written in it an account of 11 we did each day, we should be able to give an answer 12 the question.

It is the same with history. Many things have been 13 because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did 14 a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes 15 was never any written record at 16 because the people of that 17 and place did not know 18 to write. For example ,we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who 19 after them. But we know almost 20 about the people who lived even 2,000 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned11 to write.

11. A. which      B. that    C. how     D. what
12. A. to        B. of     C. for     D. by
13. A. neglected12    B. disposed13  C. forgotten  D. passed
14. A. keep       B. remain   C. set     D. break
15. A. it       B. that    C. there    D. this
16. A. last       B. all     C. least    D. once
17. A. area       B. kind    C. condition  D. time
18. A. when       B. which   C. what    D. how
19. A. followed    B. lived    C. studied   D. bought
20. A. anything     B. everything C. nothing   D. something

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)

阅读下列短文,并从下列短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。

Passage one
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning14 a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several steps to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.

The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks.

The second stop is to practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.

The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these in your diary.

You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself.

21. In the author's opinion, the first thing to remember is ____.
 A. to avoid making mistakes when speaking the language
 B. to spend more time using the newly15 learned language
 C. to believe you have the ability to learn a new language
 D. to learn the second language with the help of your teacher

22. Which of the following best summarizes16 the main idea of the third paragraph?
 A. Everybody may make mistakes when learning.
 B. Keeping a diary will help you learn better.
 C. Speaking should be emphasized18.
 D. Practice makes perfect.

23. The main function of the third step is ___.
 A. to remind you of the mistakes you made in class
 B. to help you think about your learning process
 C. to help you understand the teacher better
 D. to record how well you perform in class

24. In the last paragraph, you are advised ____.
 A. to make a daily record of anything you plan to do
 B. to enjoy learning English rather than any other languages
 C. to take a positive attitude towards your language study
 D. to believe that you are capable19 of doing anything you want to

25. What is the main idea of this passage?
 A. There are ways to help you learn a second language easily.
 B. Different people have different ways to learn English.
 C. Language learners should write a learning diary.
 D. It is important to learn a new language well.

Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

You may have the business qualifications(合格证明). You have an excellent record of good education and work experience. However, without good business manners you will not succeed.
Treating people with respect should be second nature to you. It helps you get on well with the people you work with and with your bosses. It always pays to be polite. Here are some tips to help improve your business manners.

If you are behind schedule, remember to take the time to contact your next appointment so that the person you are due to meet is aware of the delay. If necessary, you should rearrange the meeting for a more convenient time.

Try not to leave any caller on hold for too long. It is better to tell someone you will call back when you are free. Be sure to return calls as soon as you can. If you cannot return the call immediately, apologize(道歉) to the caller for the delay.

Try to respond to letters within a set time. Keep a record of requests for reply within a certain time. Make a note in your diary of other deadlines(最后期限)for your work. If you are unable to respond quickly, write a short letter to the other person to explain the delay and tell him when you will reply.

If you want to take a customer or a business friend out for lunch, you had better choose the restaurant and let your guest choose the time.

You may think that you are not being paid as much as you should be. Do not discuss the matter with your colleagues. A good way is to contact an employment20 agency21 to find out the 'going rate'. Armed with this objective22 information, you can discuss your salary with your boss.


26. What does the author emphasize17 for a person's success in business?
 A. Business qualifications.
 B. An excellent record of education.
 C. Work experience.
 D. Business manners.

27. What does the author mean by saying "It pays to be polite"?
 A. You must be paid more money to be polite.
 B. You have to pay for your training to be polite.
 C. To be polite will eventually benefit you.
 D. Customers pay for your being polite.

28. The word 'tip' used in sentence 4,paragraph 2, refers to _____.
 A. a useful hint23 or idea
 B. a pointed24 end of anything
 C. a piece of secret information
 D. a small amount of money given in return for a service

29. When you know you are going to be late for an appointment, you should ____.
 A. inform the person you're meeting of your delay
 B. leave the person a message telling him not to wait long
 C. tell the person to postpone25 the meeting
 D. apologize for taking the other person's time

30. If you think you are underpaid, it is suggested that you ___.
 A. go directly to your boss and discuss the matter frankly26
 B. ask your colleagues secretly how much they earn
 C. go to an employment agent to look for another job
 D. get objective information about the job market first

Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The journey two divers27 made some time ago to the very deepest point on the earth makes us realize how much of the world still remains28 to be discovered. The two men went down seven miles to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean inside a small steel ball to find out if there are any ocean currents or signs of life.

It was necessary to set out early, so that the ball would come to the surface in daylight, and be e easily found by the mother ship which would be waiting for it. The divers began preparations early in the morning and soon afterwards, when all was ready, the steel ball disappeared under the surface of the water.

The divers felt as if they were going down steps as they passed through warm and cold layers of water. In time, the temperature dropped to freezing point. They kept in touch with the mother ship by telephone telling how they felt. Then at a depth of 3,000 feet, the telephone stopped working and they were cut off from the outside world. All went well until some four hours later at 30,000 feet, the men were frightened by a loud, cracking noise: even the smallest hole in the ball would have meant instant death. Luckily, though, it was only one of the outer windows that had broken. Soon afterwards, the ball touched the soft ocean floor raising a big cloud of "dust" made up of small dead sea-creatures. Here, powerful lights lit up the dark water and the men were surprised to see fish swimming just above them quite untroubled by the great water-pressure. But they did not dare to leave the lights on for long, as the heat from them would make the water boil. Quite unexpectedly29, the telephone began working again and the faint but clear voices of the divers were heard on the mother ship seven miles away. After a stay of thirty minutes the men began their journey up, arriving three hours later, cold and wet through, but none the worse for their experience.

31. A diver is a person _____.
 A. who studies plants and animals living underwater
 B. who works30 under water in a special dress
 C. who usually hides himself inside a small steel ball
 D. whose job is to drive underwater vessels

32. The purpose of the two divers' journey to the deepest point on the earth is ___.
 A. to see if humans can stand the severe cold at the bottom of the ocean
 B. to investigate which part of the Pacific Ocean is the deepest
 C. to make sure that there are no signs of life in the great depths
 D. to find out if there are any ocean currents or living creatures there

33. The telephone stopped working at a depth of 3,000 feet ____.
 A. Where the warm and cold layers of water were divided
 B. and thus the divers lost contact with their mother ship
 C. and the temperature immediately dropped to freezing point
 D. when a loud, cracking noise was suddenly heard inside the ball

34. The telephone began working again ___.
 A. after the steel ball reached the bottom of the ocean
 B. as soon as the divers went down to the depth of 30,000 feet
 C. shortly after one of the outer windows had broken
 D. just before the steel ball touched the soft ocean floor

35. On the ocean floor, the divers found that ______.
 A. there was no life but small dead sea-creatures
 B. fish were swimming as freely31 as they did near the surface
 C. fish did not dare to come near the powerful lights
 D. all the living creatures had a hard time under the high water-pressure

PART TWO

Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)

将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示,每个词的词类、首字母和用短线表示的其余字母数均已给出。将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

36. 部落n. t_ _ _ _     37. 发动机 n. e_ _ _ _ _
38. 四十num. f_ _ _ _    39. 财产n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _
40. 离婚v. d_ _ _ _ _ _   41. 正方形n. s_ _ _ _ _
42. 选举n. e_ _ _ _ _ _  _ 43. 核心的a. n_ _ _ _ _ _
44. 轨道n. o_ _ _ _     45. 典型的a. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
46. 器官n. o_ _ _ _     47. 科学的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
48. 刺激v. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 合同n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
50. 宗教n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _  51. 呼吸v. b_ _ _ _ _ _
52. 猜测v. g_ _ _ _     53. 频繁地ad. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
54. 抽烟v. s_ _ _ _     55. 文学n. 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ⅴ. Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each)

将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。

56. In the 1720's,diamonds _______ (discover) in Brazil.

57. The primitive32 people thought that eating deer would make them _______(run) as fast as the deer.

58. Chunking consists of _______(group) separate bits of information.

59. Pronouns33 are used _______(save) the repetition35 of nouns34.

60. They fought for national _______(free).

61. Stinging36 eyes and dry coughs show that _______(harm) chemicals fill the air.

62. The bride,_______(dress) in white, sat in a room alone.

63. The solutions to real problems cannot _______(see) in advance.

64. Work is said_______(do) when a body is made to move a distance.

65. Since_______(freeze) foods require so little time to cook, they have naturally become very popular everywhere in the country.

Ⅵ. C-E Translation(15 points, 3 points for each)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。

66. 如果你把这个数字和那个数字作比较,你会发现它们并不相等。

67. 那天她正是用这种方法掩盖自己的感情。

68. 有许多声音有意义但不是词。

69. 你能为这些现象找到合理的解释吗?

70. 他的沉默表明他对这个问题不感兴趣。

Ⅶ. E-C Translation (15 points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

When a young man starts to earn his own living, he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents; but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. He can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
2 species FTizN     
n.物种,种群
参考例句:
  • Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗?
  • This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。
3 extinction sPwzP     
n.熄灭,消亡,消灭,灭绝,绝种
参考例句:
  • The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
  • The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。
4 breed 8NTzT     
n.品种,种类;vi.繁殖,产仔;vt.养殖,产生
参考例句:
  • The parents are trying to breed their son a musician.这对父母尽力要把儿子培养成为音乐家。
  • This breed of horses is both tall and heavily grown.这种马既高且大。
5 so-called jwvwy     
adj.所谓的,号称的
参考例句:
  • These were the so-called mainframe machines.它们被称为主机。
  • Let's see what this so-called button does.让我们来看看为什么这个按钮叫这个名字。
6 greenhouse 4eJz1     
n.花房,温室,玻璃暖房
参考例句:
  • Behind the green house was a greenhouse.在那所绿房子后面是一个花房。
  • The tomatoes were grown in the greenhouse.这些西红柿是在温室栽培的。
7 attributing e99dcf14aa78d39d7548ba9e5a1cb4fe     
认为…是( attribute的现在分词 ); 把…归于; 把…品质归于某人; 认为某事[物]属于某人[物]
参考例句:
  • We must beware, however, of attributing this thinness exclusively to Boston. 话虽如此,我们也不能把这种贫乏完全归罪于波士顿。
  • Man attributing cleverness to somebody else unless it's an enemy. 人极少夸赞别人的聪明才智,除非他是你的敌人。
8 constituting 261aad52a72dbed80b71a0b6821efde5     
建立( constitute的现在分词 ); 指定; (合法或正式地)成立; 构成
参考例句:
  • Chapter IX Procedures for Constituting a Limitation Fund for Maritime Claims Liability. 第九章设立海事赔偿责任限制基金程序。
  • Having other acts of evading customs supervision and constituting smuggling act. 有逃避海关监管,构成走私的其他行为的。
9 haste Ldczs     
n.匆忙,急速;草率;v.赶快;匆忙
参考例句:
  • In his blind haste he almost ran into the river.他匆匆忙忙地几乎跑到河里去了。
  • The contract says the work must be completed with all possible haste.合同上写明这项工作必须尽快完成。
10 related vkGzSv     
adj.有关系的,有关联的,叙述的,讲述的
参考例句:
  • I am not related to him in any way.我和他无任何关系。
  • We spent days going through all related reference material.我们花了好多天功夫查阅所有有关的参考资料。
11 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
12 neglected jnezCd     
a.被忽视的
参考例句:
  • neglected children suffering from social deprivation 遭社会遗弃无人照管的孩子
  • a neglected area of research 被人忽略了的研究领域
13 disposed Dusz5H     
a.愿意的,想干的
参考例句:
  • I'm not disposed to argue. 我无意争论。
  • Ensure that all the waste is properly and safely disposed of. 一定要适当且安全地处理所有废料。
14 learning wpSzFe     
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
参考例句:
  • When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
  • Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。
15 newly cG7xE     
adv.新近,最近;重新,再度;以新的方式
参考例句:
  • Have you reviewed for this newly published novel?你给这本新出版的小说写书评了吗?
  • It is a newly planted tree and it has not established yet.这是一颗新栽的树,还没有扎下根来。
16 summarizes bc45988429e68600175585ade55e3353     
v.总结,概述( summarize的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Milton summarizes the people's case in many such succinct passages. 弥尔顿在许多简洁的段落中概括了人民的处境。 来自辞典例句
  • Table 15-1 summarizes some of the important applications of these devices. 表15-1摘录了这种装置的一些重要用途。 来自辞典例句
17 emphasize YPez0     
vt.加强…的语气,强调,着重
参考例句:
  • I must emphasize the fact that she is only a little girl. 我必须强调这样一个事实,这就是她只不过是个小女孩。
  • I must emphasize the fact that they are only children. 我必须强调这一事实,即他们只不过是孩子。
18 emphasized b58f5a2fc4d5f188e6b0d11f439437a8     
强调( emphasize的过去式和过去分词 ); 加强语气; 重读; 使突出
参考例句:
  • His speech emphasized the importance of attracting industry to the town. 他的发言强调了吸引工业到城镇的重要性。
  • Roads and other cultural details may be emphasized in colour. 道路及其它地物细部还可以用颜色予以突出。
19 capable lTxy9     
adj.有能力的,有才能的
参考例句:
  • The new woman secretary was extremely clever and capable.这位新来的女秘书很是精明强干。
  • Jim is capable at sports.吉姆擅长运动。
20 employment HpGxe     
n.雇用;使用;工作,职业
参考例句:
  • A large office requires the employment of many people.一个大办事处需要雇用好多人员。
  • The state of employment in this city is improving.这个城市就业状况正在改善。
21 agency iKcy0     
n.经办;代理;代理处
参考例句:
  • This disease is spread through the agency of insects.这种疾病是通过昆虫媒介传播的。
  • He spoke in the person of Xinhua News Agency.他代表新华社讲话。
22 objective CHBxY     
adj.客观的;n.目标,目的
参考例句:
  • He tried to take an objective view of the situation.他试图对形势有个客观的看法。
  • The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
23 hint IdgxW     
n.暗示,示意;[pl]建议;线索,迹象;v.暗示
参考例句:
  • He gave me a hint that I was being cheated.他暗示我在受人欺骗。
  • He quickly took the hint.一点他就明白了。
24 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
25 postpone rP0xq     
v.延期,推迟
参考例句:
  • I shall postpone making a decision till I learn full particulars.在未获悉详情之前我得从缓作出决定。
  • She decided to postpone the converastion for that evening.她决定当天晚上把谈话搁一搁。
26 frankly fsXzcf     
adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说
参考例句:
  • To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说,我一点也不赞成这个主意。
  • Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说,我不反对改革。
27 divers hu9z23     
adj.不同的;种种的
参考例句:
  • He chose divers of them,who were asked to accompany him.他选择他们当中的几个人,要他们和他作伴。
  • Two divers work together while a standby diver remains on the surface.两名潜水员协同工作,同时有一名候补潜水员留在水面上。
28 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
29 unexpectedly 3fEz5m     
adv.未料到地,意外地;竟;居然;骤然
参考例句:
  • The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning. 火山一早突然爆发了。
  • I had just put the dinner on when Jim walked in unexpectedly. 我刚把晚饭摆上桌,吉姆突然走进来。
30 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
31 freely LiexN     
adv.自由地,随便地,无拘无束地
参考例句:
  • She was unable to keep back her tears,and wept freely.她抑制不住泪水,痛痛快快地哭了起来。
  • A liquid flows freely and has no fixed shape.液体能自由流动,无固定形态。
32 primitive vSwz0     
adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物
参考例句:
  • It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
  • His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。
33 pronouns 412995721152167c54a600e91269c742     
n.代词( pronoun的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Relative pronouns and adverbs introduce attributive clauses. 关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • "I", "you"and "he" are all personal pronouns. I,you和he都是人称代词。 来自《简明英汉词典》
34 nouns 8412c0b251e0c60f78bfaf0a44ac3206     
n.名词;名词( noun的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns. 法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Nouns join to form compounds. 名词和名词结合构成复合词。 来自《简明英汉词典》
35 repetition 8hoyw     
n.重复;反复
参考例句:
  • The perfomance improved with each repetition.演出每演一场都有改进。
  • This degree of repetition is not found in any known language.这种重复程度在任何已知语言中都不曾出现。
36 stinging b6c9eecb6083689ac19c80d480420a0a     
刺一样的,刺人的,激烈的
参考例句:
  • My eyes are stinging from the smoke. 我眼睛被烟熏的疼痛。
  • On September 24, he wrote a stinging denunciation of his critics. 9月24号,他写了一篇痛斥那些批评者的措词强烈的文章。
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