第五章 证 据

 

Chapter V Evidence

 

第三十一条 证据有以下几种：

 

Article 31 Evidence shall be classified as follows:

 

（一）书证；

 

(1) documentary evidence;

 

（二）物证；

 

(2) material evidence;

 

（三）视听资料；

 

(3) audio-visual material;

 

（四）证人证言；

 

(4) testimony¹ of witnesses;

 

（五）当事人的陈述；

 

(5) statements of the parties;

 

（六）鉴定结论；

 

(6) expert conclusions;

 

（七）勘验笔录、现场笔录。

 

and (7) records of inquests and records made on the scene.

 

以上证据经法庭审查属实，才能作为定案的根据。

 

Any of the above-mentioned evidence must be verified by the court before it can be taken as a basis for ascertaining² a fact.

 

第三十二条 被告对作出的具体行政行为负有举证责任，应当提供作出该具体行政行为的证据和所依据的规范性文件。

 

Article 32 The defendant³ shall have the burden of proof for the specific administrative⁴ act he has undertaken and shall provide the evidence and regulatory documents in accordance with which the act has been undertaken.

 

第三十三条 在诉讼过程中，被告不得自行向原告和证人收集证据。

 

Article 33 In the course of legal proceedings⁵, the defendant shall not by himself collect evidence from the plaintiff and witnesses.

 

第三十四条 人民法院有权要求当事人提供或者补充证据。

 

Article 34 A people's court shall have the authority to request the parties to provide or supplement evidence.

 

人民法院有权向有关行政机关以及其他组织、公民调取证据。

 

A people's court shall have the authority to obtain evidence from the relevant administrative organs, other organizations or citizens.

 

第三十五条 在诉讼过程中，人民法院认为对专门性问题需要鉴定的，应当交由法定鉴定部门鉴定；没有法定鉴定部门的，由人民法院指定的鉴定部门鉴定。

 

Article 35 In the course of legal proceedings, when a people's court considers that an expert evaluation⁶ for a specialized⁷ problem is necessary, the expert evaluation shall be made by an expert evaluation department as specified⁸ by law. In the absence of such a department, the people's court shall designate one to conduct the expert evaluation.

 

第三十六条 在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，诉讼参加人可以向人民法院申请保全证据，人民法院也可以主动采取保全措施。

 

Article 36 Under circumstances where there is a likelihood that evidence may be destroyed or lost or difficult to obtain later on, the participants in proceedings may apply to the people's court for the evidence to be preserved. The people's court may also on its own initiative take measures to preserve such evidence.

 

第六章 起诉和受理

 

Chapter VI Bringing a Suit and Accepting a Case

 

第三十七条 对属于人民法院受案范围的行政案件，公民、法人或者其他组织可以先向上一级行政机关或者法律、法规规定的行政机关申请复议，对复议不服的，再向人民法院提起诉讼；也可以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。

 

Article 37 A citizen, a legal person or any other organization may, within the scope of cases acceptable to the people's courts, apply to an administrative organ at the next higher level or to an administrative organ as prescribed by the law or regulations for reconsideration, anyone who refuses to accept the reconsideration decision may bring a suit before a people's court; a citizen, a legal person or any other organization may also bring a suit directly before a people's court.

 

法律、法规规定应当先向行政机关申请复议，对复议不服再向人民法院提起诉讼的，依照法律、法规的规定。

 

In circumstances where, in accordance with relevant provisions of laws or regulations, a citizen, a legal person or any other organization shall first apply to an administrative organ for reconsideration and then bring a suit before a people's court, if he or it refuses to accept the reconsideration decision, the provisions of the laws or regulations shall apply.

 

第三十八条 公民、法人或者其他组织向行政机关申请复议的，复议机关应当在收到申请书之日起两个月内作出决定。法律、法规另有规定的除外。

 

Article 38 If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization applies to an administrative organ for reconsideration, the organ shall make a decision within two months from the day of the receipt of the application, except as otherwise provided for by law or regulations.

 

申请人不服复议决定的，可以在收到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。

 

Anyone who refuses to accept the reconsideration decision may bring a suit before a people's court within 15 days from the day of the receipt of the reconsideration decision.

 

复议机关逾期不作决定的，申请人可以在复议期满之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。法律另有规定的除外。

 

If the administrative organ conducting the reconsideration fails to make a decision on the expiration⁹ of the time limit, the applicant¹⁰ may bring a suit before a people's court within 15 days after the time limit for reconsideration expires, except as otherwise provided for by law.

 

第三十九条 公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，应当在知道作出具体行政行为之日起三个月内提出。法律另有规定的除外。

 

Article 39 If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization brings a suit directly before a people's court, he or it shall do so within three months from the day when he or it knows that a specific administrative act has been undertaken, except as otherwise provided for by law.

 

第四十条 公民、法人或者其他组织因不可抗力或者其他特殊情况耽误法定期限的，在障碍消除后的十日内，可以申请延长期限，由人民法院决定。

 

Article 40 If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization fails to observe the time limit prescribed by law due to force majeure or other special reasons, he or it may apply for an extent of the time limit within ten days after the obstacle is removed; the requested extent shall be decided¹¹ by a people's court.

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