Recent Development Orientation¹ for Coal Industry

　　I. Coal Mining

　　We should accelerate the construction of large and medium collieries, and complete the construction of a group of modernized² collieries; we should construct a group of large and medium collieries in compliance³ with the coal development distribution principle of simultaneously⁴ constructing coal electricity in western regions, adjusting the national balance of supply and demands in the regions of Shanxi, Shaanxi and the western part of Inner Mongolia, and stabilizing⁵ the production scale in eastern regions; we should carry out the technical renovations on the present large and medium collieries, and realize the modernization⁷ of coal production and management; we should carry out the concentrative transformation⁸ in the lawful⁹ small collieries, reduce the number of production mines, enlarge the single-well production scale, improve coal mining methods and recovery process, improve technical equipment conditions, raise the mine recycle efficiency, and promote safe production; we should encourage the large and medium coal enterprises to transform some lawful small collieries with reliable resources into modernized mines by making use of their assets; we should support the large and medium coal enterprises and enable them to implement¹⁰ the upgrading and transformation of safety facilities and equipment in respect of collieries ventilation, gas control, dust prevention, fire prevention and extinguishments as well as prevention and control of water, etc., and to equip auxiliary¹¹ safety information management systems.

　　II. Coal Processing and Utilization¹²

　　（a） Coal Washing and Selecting

　　We should use the advanced technologies and equipment to transform the present productive technology for selecting coal, improve the equipment reliability¹³, extent of automation and process flexibility¹⁴, increase the product varieties, improve product quality, and give full scope to the production capacity of coal plants, and better meet the demands in market; we should, when constructing a group of advanced coal preparation plants in the main coal-producing provinces （regions）, construct group coal preparation plants in the regions with concentrative medium and small collieries, so as to improve the proportion of selected raw coal and the quality of commercial coal.

　　（b） Dynamic Coal Blending

　　We should support the construction of coal blending plants in coal transfer ports and distributing centers; we should support the present coal blending plants and enable them to enlarge their construction and their technical renovations; we should support the construction of auxiliary coal blending plants in the coal preparation plants with the necessary conditions, especially in the coal preparation plants with high sulfur¹⁵ even after coal washing.

　　（c） Substituting Water Coal Fluid for Oil

　　We should encourage the regions where fuel oil is consumed in a large amount to build projects of substituting water coal fluid for oil, and support the construction of auxiliary transmission facilities in water coal fluid plants; we should support the development of key technologies and equipment in large production and application of water coal fluids.

　　（d） Development and Utilization of Coal-bed Gas

　　We should select the advantageous¹⁶ regions from Shanxi Qinshui Coal Field, Hedong Coal Field, Lianghuai Coal Field in Anhui Province, Middle Liaoning （including Tiefa, Fuxin, Fushun and Hongyang Mining Areas） and Liupanshui region in Guizhou, etc. to construct demonstration¹⁸ projects of coal-bed gas development utilization.

　　III. Concentrative Development of Coal Enterprises

　　We should support the large coal enterprises and enable them to build up large enterprise groups by merger¹⁹ or asset restructuring; we should support the large coal enterprises and enable them to carry out large and medium mine construction, technical renovation⁶ projects and trans-regional and transnational opening of collieries; we should encourage the large coal enterprises to carry out technical renovations on small collieries by merger, purchase, or association, etc., so as to increase the production scale of small collieries and raise their technical equipment level; we should support the large coal enterprises and enable them to carry out the construction of projects in respect of coal electricity, coal coking, coal chemical industry and coal building materials; we should support and guide enterprises in the field of coal, electricity, road, port and transportation, through joint²⁰ restructuring, into particular large enterprise groups.

　　IV. Joint Operation Integrated with Coal and Electricity

　　We should support the establishment of coal electricity companies, carry out uniform development and construction of collieries and power plants near coal mines, and construct large thermal²¹ power bases in areas with rich coal resource; we should support coal enterprises to realize operation integrated with coal and electricity through asset restructuring with electric power enterprises.

　　Recent Development Orientation for Building Materials Industry

　　I. New Type of Dry Cement and Cement in Bulk

　　We should, with the enterprise technical renovation as the basic avenue, develop new type of dry predissociation kiln²² cement production lines with the output of 2000 tons of chamotte per day or of larger scale, encourage the enterprises to develop new type of dry cement production lines with the output at 4000 tons or more per day; we should construct large chamotte bases in the regions with rich limestone²³ resource, and develop large modernized cement milling stations around the market; we should develop stations for mixing cement in bulk and commodity concrete.

　　II. New Type of Materials for Wall

　　We should develop the concrete brick production lines with the single output at 50,000 cubic meters or more per year, and extend fixed²⁴ shaping and chamber²⁵ maintenance process; we should develop scale aero-concrete brick production line with the annual output at 100-200 thousand cubic meters, extend foam²⁶ shaping technology and large mechanical cutters; we should use tunnel kilns²⁷ to extend new techniques for heavily doped pulverized²⁸ coal ash and complete coal gangue sintered air bricks, and develop the production line with the scale of 15 million or more of sintered products per year, among which the single line annual production capacity of such waste residue²⁹ sintered products as the coal gangues, pulverized coal ash, shale³⁰, etc. is 30 million pieces or more; we should develop light bearing boards and light boards combined with decoration as well as compound boards, and light board production line with the annual output at 150 thousand square meters or more, and should also develop the new technologies and new techniques using crop straws as the main materials for production of environmental protection light boards.

　　III. Inorganic³¹ Non-metal New Materials

　　We should develop large direct melting production line with the annual output at 30 thousand tons or more, and use such techniques as 4000-hole high efficiency fiber³² shaping technique, 1600-hole quartered puling technique, direct wet process, dry chopped strand³³, etc. to raise the equipment level and improve product quality, as well as increase the varieties.

　　We should develop the technology of producing non-woven glass fiber products in large breadth and large scale, and achieve a major breakthrough in such application fields as transport, electron, source of energy and construction, etc.; we should develop biological and medical fiberglass filter materials, industrial filter materials and their products, so as to meet the increasing market demands in biological purification and industrial dust elimination³⁴; we should develop various good -performance and multifunctional fiberglass products, including high quality and enhancement mode fiberglass yarn³⁶, felt and substitution products for asbestos, so as to meet the needs of automobiles³⁸ and urban light rail means of transportation for various compound materials; we should develop various glass fiber fabrics⁴⁰ including geotechnical fabrics （geotechnical grids⁴¹, geotechnical cloth, etc.） to provide the permanent construction of sand control and earth fixing, high-speed highways, bridges, wharfs⁴², etc. with high quality compound materials; we should develop fiberglass materials which can replace reinforcing steel bars and resist the corrasion of seawater and slat-containing moist air; we should develop multi-axis woven fabrics for naval⁴³ vessel⁴⁴ manufacture and wind generation blade production. The development of architectural industry also has an increasing demand in fiberglass, such as water-proof room glass fiber materials, glass fiber fabrics （net cloth and wall cloth） for wall, single yarn coating glass fiber window screening, etc……

　　We should encourage the enterprises to use glass fiber reinforced plastics mechanized shaping technique to carry out production of scale, and make the integral technical level approach or reach the international advanced level of mid¹⁷ 1990s; we should make great efforts to develop fiberglass reinforcing materials, emphatically develop FRTP, and actively⁴⁵ develop such products as molding building boards made of glass fiber reinforced plastics, pultrusion doors and windows, high-pressure pipelines⁴⁶, sand inclusion pipelines, containers made of glass fiber reinforced plastics and high-pressure gas bottles, etc.; we should develop high quality artificial diamond synthetized with anvil-cylinder apparatus⁴⁷, special phototransistors, special glass and good-performance new pottery⁴⁸ materials, so as to improve the product quality and promote the industrialized development.

　　IV. Non-metal Mines and their Deep Processing

　　We should encourage the construction of large mineral product processing bases at a high starting level, develop high quality deep processed products of non-metal mines, and participate in the competition in the international market; we should develop superfine smashing, fine purification and surface modification⁴⁹ technologies, and develop high-purity, micropowder and low-sulfur expandable graphites, graphite lubricants, graphitic absorption materials, and develop such mineral functional³⁵ stuffing products as speckstones, calcium⁵⁰ carbonates, kaolins, etc., and clay mineral environmental protection material products and non-metal mineral nanometer materials.

　　Recent Development Orientation for Light Industry

　　I. Pulping⁵² and Papermaking

　　We should, by focusing on the structural⁵³ adjustment of papermaking materials, increase the proportion of wood fiber materials to waste paper, and set up a production system with wood as the main fiber in respect of the structure of papermaking materials.

　　We should make great efforts to develop forest zone bases for artificial fast-growing papermaking industry, use modern technologies to transform traditional forestry⁵⁴, select and cultivate fast-growing, fertile, short-period, resistive improved wood varieties with high-yield of wood pulp⁵¹, high natural whiteness and proper fiber length. We should, in combination with returning farmland to forests, accelerate the construction integrated with forestry and paper, and improve the production efficiency in woodlands.

　　We should, by using high-yield pulping technique, develop TMP, CMP, CTMP and APMP, etc. in a large scale.

　　We should, on the basis of adjusting the present structure of wood resource consumption, support and lead the present wood pulp enterprises to the restriction⁵⁵ of the export of domestic wood pieces by transforming and increasing the uses of wood pieces, and sufficiently⁵⁶ make use of the forest zones to cut and process the remains⁵⁷, tend and cut secondary and small firewood as well as medium and young growth, so as to enlarge the wood pulp production.

　　We should develop and utilize⁵⁸ the waste paper resources by using foreign advanced pulping, screening, purifying, deslagging, washing, concentrating, heat dispersing⁵⁹, rubbing, flotation, void and bleaching⁶⁰ techniques and equipment.

　　II. Processing of Agricultural Products

　　We should, through the structural adjustment of agricultural product processing industry, accelerate the progress of agricultural industrialization. We should, putting the backbone⁶¹ foodstuff⁶² enterprises at the leading position, apply hi-techs and modern biological technologies, and on the basis of introducing, selecting and extending good varieties, deepening and widening the processing of large quantities of grain crops such as soybeans, maize⁶³, potatoes, wheat and cereals, and should improve the additional value of such products and raise the level of comprehensive utilization.

　　We should develop such new soybean foodstuff as soy milk, soy milk powder, separated protein, concentrated protein, organized protein, etc.; and accelerate the industrialization progress of traditional soybean foodstuff.

　　We should make great efforts to extend the technique of producing maize powder by maize dry de-germinating, and use the powder as the materials for producing starch⁶⁴ sugar and fermented⁶⁵ products; we should actively use maize de-germinating technique to develop maize oil serial⁶⁶ products. We should emphatically support the production enterprises with an annual maize processing scale of 300,000 tons or more and enable them to carry out comprehensive utilization and reduce their production costs.

　　We should develop potato starch, special starch and denaturalized starch, and develop complete potato powder and various potato foodstuffs⁶⁷.

　　We should develop flour of multi varieties such as bread flour, all purpose flour, cake flour, and also special traditional foodstuff flour, and should strengthen the comprehensive utilization of wheat.

　　We should extend the rice processing techniques, develop new products processed from refined rice, develop the production of clean rice and nutrient-enriched rice, and enlarge the export of high quality rice. We should reasonably utilize rice bran resources, and develop new techniques for comprehensive utilization of rice bran oil and rice bran.

　　We should make greater efforts to adjust the structure of major sugar producing areas, promote the scale production of the sugar plants, and raise the level of comprehensive utilization.

　　We should develop high-nutrition, low-fat, non-harm and environmental protection meat, aquatic⁶⁸ products, fruits, vegetables, dairy products and other green foodstuffs and drinks.

　　We should develop the techniques for processing, storing and transmitting agricultural products, and should strengthen the construction of facilities in respect of foodstuff safety and quality standard testing and inspection⁶⁹.

　　III. Light Industrial Machinery⁷⁰

　　We should focus on the functions of pulping and paper manufacturing, plastic and foodstuff packing machinery, and in combination with the introduction of key technical equipment, raise the equipment''s level of integration⁷¹ with light, machinery and electricity, and promote the automation of production process by depending on technical innovations.

　　Pulping and papermaking machinery: we should develop the complete chemical pulp and CMP equipment suitable for the scale with such fast-growing woods as poplar, birch, eucalyptus⁷², etc. as the materials, the complete energy-saving equipment for rapid replacement⁷³ and intermittent⁷⁴ cooking; we should develop the waste paper treatment equipment （the non-void waste paper treatment system with the daily treatment capacity at 400 tons and the void waste paper treatment system with the daily treatment capacity at 250 tons） suitable for the scale with waste box paper, waste newsprint paper, waste magazine paper as materials; we should, for the sake of meeting the requirement of developing paper machines towards large, high-speed, wide, low-consumption and automatic ones, develop the medium and high-speed paper machines and paper plate machines with the breadth at about 5.5 meters and with the vehicle speed at 800-1200 meters per minute, and raise the localization level of the corresponding auxiliary pulp supply and beating systems and white water recycle equipment, coating machine, rewinding machine, soft press polish equipment, and controllable medium-high rollers, etc……

　　Foodstuff and packing machinery: we should develop the machines for processing large quantities of agricultural by-products, such as maize fuel alcohol processing equipment and starch production equipment with the annual output at 100,000 tons and its attachments⁷⁵ （including separation machinery）, etc.; we should develop aseptic cold filling technique, aseptic filling production lines （bottles, cans）, aseptic soft package production lines and auxiliary aseptic systematic⁷⁶ projects, high polymer materials technique integrated with bottle-making and filling, and large mechanical automatic production lines for packing dairy products, etc.; we should develop the manufacture of one-off green environmental protection tablewares and kitchenwares, including additive⁷⁷ production, equipment manufacture, product production to replace expandable polyphenethylene plastic foaming⁷⁸ tablewares and kitchenwares; we should develop full-automatic continuous honeycomb compound plate production technology and equipment, and medium and high-speed corrugated⁷⁹ paper plate production equipment as well.

　　Plastic machinery: we should develop the new equipment for applied⁸⁰ plastic processing in agricultural, packing, building materials, and automobile³⁷ industry, develop and manufacture controllable functional shed membrane⁸¹, new-style water-saving irrigation apparatus and machinery, new type of heat-resistant tubes, compound tubes, special shape materials and structural foaming material mechanical equipment; we should develop the techniques and equipment for rigorous blocking containers, packing materials, multifunctional thin membranes⁸², water soluble⁸³ thin membranes and degradable materials; we should develop gas auxiliary injection shaping technique, hot runner technique and plastic product recycle and regenerative utilization techniques.

　　Recent Development Orientation for Textile Industry

　　I. Chemical Fibers⁸⁴ and Chemical Fiber Materials

　　We should make greater efforts to transform the present advantageous enterprises, raise the production and centralization level, so as to form some large bases of chemical fibers and chemical fiber materials. We should promote the localization of complete set of precise terephthalic acid or mixed terephthalic acid （or medium purity terephthalic acid） devices, further raise the level of localized polyester devices, and develop high-capacity melt direct spinning technique, complete technical equipment for 50,000 tons or more of terylene short fibers, fine denier terylene filament⁸⁵ melt direct spinning equipment, and should reduce the investment costs, so as to form the coordinative⁸⁶ development of materials, polymerization and spinning.

　　We should raise the differential rate, and develop the highly simulated fibers, fine denier and superfine denier fibers, functional fibers and compound fibers, etc., which mainly include: fine denier and superfine denier fibers, fibers of abnormal fineness, abnormal section, abnormal materials or abnormal shrink, and multifunctional filament fiber blends and sea-island composite fibers with terylene filaments⁸⁷ as the main body; develop fibers with such functions as antistatic function, high absorption of moisture, pilling resistance, fire resistance, etc.; develop koplon, high curling and hollow viscose staple⁸⁸ fibers as well as fine denier, special shaped and multifunctional （fire resistance, antibiotic⁸⁹ or else） viscose filament yarns⁹⁰, etc……

　　We should expand the area of using chemical fibers, and coordinately develop various hi-tech and good-performance fibers for the relevant industries, such as polyphenyl PBO fibers, aromide fibers, carbon fibers, ultrastrength and high-modulus polyethylene fibers, etc.; we should accelerate the research and development to industrialize such fibers and put them under market operation, so as to meet the needs in the development of industrial textile products as soon as possible.

　　We should develop and extend the new chemical fiber varieties and new techniques, such as polyterephthalic acid propylene glycol esters, melt polyammonia ester flexible fibers, polynaphthalene dioctyl phthalate glycol ester fibers, polylactic acid fibers, solvent⁹² cellulose fibers, ethylic acid filaments, soybean protein fibers, crust fibers and other new type of fibers.

　　We should promote the extended application of environmental protection technology, and strengthen the improvement of environmental protection. We should ensure the implementation⁹³ of the environmental protection measures in respect of "disposal of waste viscose gas, liquid and residues⁹⁴" and "disposal of black serous fluids", etc., and encourage the application of new techniques and technologies of clean textile production.

　　II. Cotton Textiles

　　We should, as required by the export of clothing, and around the development of plus materials, do well in the integral combination of the upstream and downstream industrial chains, so as to form the coordinate⁹¹ transformation of textiles and clothing. We should continue eliminating the outmoded production capacity, and accelerate the technical renovations. We should develop cleaning and combing machines, automatic bobbin winders and shuttleless looms⁹⁵. The enterprises with good conditions may, by automatic winder technique allocation, carry out planned development of such new spinning technologies as close spinning, air-jet spinning, revolving⁹⁶ cup spinning, etc…… We should develop various blending plus materials of different fiber mixture proportion, interwoven plus materials, jacquard plus materials, etc., and reasonably allocate⁹⁷ such devices as high-speed electronic multi-arm and high-speed electronic jacquards.

　　III. High-Grade Plus Materials

　　We should use new type of post-dyeing neatening technology and equipment to develop wrinkle-resistant and non-ironing natural fiber plus materials, pure cotton supersoft plus materials, high count, light and thin wool spinning plus materials, high-grade ramee and flax plus materials, high-grade silk plus materials, comfortable knitted plus materials, etc…… We should research on the techniques and technical equipment for neatening and processing post-dyeing synthetic⁹⁸ fibers, and develop different styles of chemical fiber plus materials, multi-fiber blending interwoven plus materials and high-grade knitted plus materials. We should make use of the supercritical carbon dioxide media dyeing technology, plasma⁹⁹ technology, cotton fabric³⁹ cold-rolled pile treatment and biological enzyme¹⁰⁰ technology. We should realize clean production step by step, so as to make the dyeing process meet the requirements of green environmental protection. We should develop post-dyeing neatening technical equipment meeting the requirement of "small batches¹⁰¹, multi-varieties, rapid delivery", such as computer color reading and matching, computer color separation and plate making, laser plate making, non-plate making printing, automatic measurement liquid supply system of dyestuffs, automatic temperature control system.

　　We should develop various decoration plus materials and functional neatened plus materials. We should mainly make use of the neatening technologies and equipment in respect of fire resistance, bacteriostat, antistatic, anti-pollution, ventilation, moisture, anti-ultraviolet, etc., and further expand the areas of uses of plus materials.

　　IV. Clothing

　　We should raise the level of clothing designing and developing. We should promote the use of computer aided design system, make great efforts to train the designers, and create international famous brands. We should make use of such advanced clothing processing equipment and technologies as clothing plus materials automatic monitoring and appraisal¹⁰² system, automatic cutting machines, computer flush joint machines, clothing virtual figure systems, computer controlled multi-form suspensible transmission systems, stereo electric process-iron machines, product automatic stereo storage systems, product distributing centers, etc…… We should develop ecological¹⁰³ and environmental protection clothing, and various functional clothes. We should develop clothing integrated automation systems, clothing structural digital systems, enterprise resource planning systems to raise the design, production, sale and management levels in the clothing industry.

　　V. Industrial-Purpose Textile Products

　　We should develop non-woven cloth mainly by the spinning-binding method. We should develop tilt¹⁰⁴ materials, waterproof¹⁰⁵ building materials, framework materials, medical and hygiene¹⁰⁶ materials, automobile internal decoration materials, membrane structural building materials. We should develop glass fiber fabric coated polytetrafluoroetyylene products; improve the quality of PVC products; further improve the post-neatening technology, and develop superfine fiber synthetic leather. We should develop agricultural textile products, especially thin non-woven cloth mainly by the spinning-binding method which can bear ultraviolet radiation, with the weight at 15-20 grams per square meter.

　　VI. Textile Machinery

　　We should develop large, continuous and automatic complete equipment for manufacturing viscose rayon, acrylic fibers and terylene as well as the complete equipment for producing special fibers. We should develop a new generation of high efficiency and automatic cotton spinning complete equipment and electromechanical weaving equipment. We should develop a new generation of high-efficiency, short-procedure, environmental protection, energy-saving, highly precise and electromechanical pre-treatment, dyeing, neatening process technical equipment. We should develop large output, high-efficiency electromechanical tricot machines, weft machines, hosiery machines and other weaving machines, and raise the development level of general parts and basic parts of technical equipment in textile industry, as well as make a breakthrough of key parts and components, and key technologies

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