（Adopted at the 14th Meeting of the Standing¹ Committee of the National People's Congress， promulgated² by Order NO. 34 of the President of the People's Republic of China on January 20， 1986， and effective as of July 1， 1986）
颁布日期：19860120 　实施日期：19860701 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Aquaculture

　　Chapter III Fishing

　　Chapter IV Increase and Protection of Fishery Resources

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Chapter VI Supplementary³ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated⁵ for the purpose of enhancing the protection， increase， development and reasonable utilization⁶ of fishery resources， developing artificial cultivation⁷， protecting fishery workers' lawful⁸ rights and interests and boosting fishery production， so as to meet the requirements of socialist⁹ construction and the needs of the people.

　　Article 2 All productive activities of fisheries， such as aquaculture and catching¹⁰ or harvesting of aquatic¹¹ animals and plants in the inland waters， tidal flats and territorial¹² waters of the People's Republic of China， or in other sea areas under the jurisdiction¹³ of the People's Republic of China， must be conducted in accordance with this Law.

　　Article 3 In fishery production， the state shall adopt a policy that calls for simultaneous development of aquaculture， fishing and processing， with special emphasis on aquaculture and with priority given to different pursuits in accordance with local conditions.

　　People's governments at various levels shall include fishery production in their economic development plans and take measures to enhance the overall planning and comprehensive utilization of water areas.

　　Article 4 The state shall encourage research in fishery science and technology and popularization of advanced technology in order to raise the level of the country's fishery science and technology.

　　Article 5 People's governments at various levels shall give moral encouragement or material awards to units and individuals who make outstanding contributions to the increase and protection of fishery re- sources， to development of fishery production， or to research in fishery science and technology.

　　Article 6 The department of fishery administration under the State Council shall be in charge of the administration of fisheries throughout the country. Departments of fishery administration under people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of fisheries in their respective areas. These departments shall be authorized¹⁴ to set up fishery superinten- dency agencies in important fishing areas and fishing ports.

　　Departments of fishery administration under People's governments at or above the county level and their fishery superintendency agencies may appoint fishery inspectors¹⁵ who will carry out assignments that those depart- ments and agencies entrust¹⁶ to them.

　　Article 7 State superintendence of fisheries shall operate under the principle of unified¹⁷ leadership and decentralized administration.

　　Marine¹⁸ fishery shall be under the superintendence of departments of fishery administration under the people's governments of provinces， auton- omous regions and centrally administered municipalities contiguous to the sea， with the exception of those sea areas and fishing grounds with specially¹⁹ designated fishery resources that the State Council has put under direct administration of its fishery department and subordinate fishery superin- tendency agencies.

　　Fishery in rivers and lakes shall be subject to the superintendence of the departments of fishery administration under the relevant people's governments at or above the county level in accordance with administrative²⁰ divisions. Fishery administration for water areas that straddle several ad- ministrative divisions shall be decided²¹ by the relevant people's governments at or above the county level through consultation²² or placed under depart- ments of fishery administration of people's governments at the next higher level and their subordinate fishery superintendency agencies.

　　Article 8 Foreigners and foreign fishing vessels²⁴ must obtain permission from the relevant department under the State Council before entering the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China to carry on fishery production or investigations²⁵ of fishery resources， and must abide²⁶ by this Law and other related laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China. If those persons and vessels belong to countries that have signed relevant accords or agreements with the People's Republic of China， their activities shall be conducted in accordance with those accords or agree- ments.

　　State fishery administration and fishing port superintendency agencies shall exercise administrative and supervisory authority over external relations pertaining²⁷ to fisheries and fishing ports.

　　Chapter II Aquaculture

　　Article 9 The state shall encourage units owned by the whole people， units under collective ownership and individuals to make the best use of suitable water surfaces and tidal flats to develop aquaculture.

　　Article 10 In conformity²⁸ with the overall arrangement made by the state for utilization of water areas， people's governments at or above the county level may assign state-owned water surfaces and tidal flats that have been designated for aquaculture to units owned by the whole people and units under collective ownership to develop aquaculture， and after examining their qualifications grant those units aquaculture licences to confirm their rights to the use of such water surfaces and tidal flats.

　　Water surfaces and tidal flats used by units owned by the whole people， water surfaces and tidal flats owned by collectives， and those owned by the whole people but used by units under collective ownership may all be contracted to collectives or individuals to develop aquaculture.

　　Ownership and rights to the use of water surfaces and tidal flats shall be protected by law and shall not be subject to encroachment²⁹ by any units or individuals.

　　Article 11 If any units or individuals that use water surfaces and tidal flats owned by the whole people for aquaculture neglect them for l2 months without a proper reason， the agencies granting aquaculture licences shall order those units or individuals to develop and utilize³⁰ them within a certain period of time and if the order is not carried out within the time limit， their aquaculture licences may be revoked³¹.

　　Article 12 Disputes over the ownership and rights to the use of water surfaces or tidal flats that arise between units owned by the whole people， between units under collective ownership or between units owned by the whole people and units under collective ownership shall be solved through consultation between the parties concerned. If no agreement is reached through consultation， the disputes shall be handled by a people's govern- ment at or above the county level. If a party refuses to accept the decision of the people's government， it may file suit in a people's court within 30 days after receiving notification of the decision.

　　Before disputes over ownership and lights to the use of certain water surfaces or tidal flats are solved， no party may disrupt fishery production in the disputed areas.

　　Article 13 Requisitioning of collectively owned water surfaces and tidal flats for state construction shall be conducted in accordance with the Regulations on Requisition of Land for State Construction.

　　When state-owned water surfaces and tidal flats that have been allotted³² to units owned by the whole people and units under collective ownership for aquaculture are requisitioned for state construction， the construction units shall give those units appropriate compensation.

　　Chapter III Fishing

　　Article 14 The state shall encourage and support the development of offshore³³ and deep-sea fisheries and make rational arrangement of fishing capacity for inland and inshore fisheries.

　　Article 15 Any unit or individual that wants to engage in off shore or deep-sea fishing must obtain permission from the department of fishery administration under the State Council； the state shall give support or preferential treatment in the form of funds， materials and technology， and in matters of taxation³⁴.

　　Article 16 Any unit or individual that intends to engage in inland water or inshore fishing must first apply to departments of fishery administration for fishing licences. Licences for using large trawls and purse seines in marine fishing shall be granted upon approval by the department of fishery administration under the State Council. Other fishing licences shall be granted upon approval by local people's governments at or above the county level， but the fishing licences for marine operations that have been issued must not allow uses of trawls and other fishing gear which exceed quotas³⁵ set by the state. Concrete measures shall be worked out by the people's governments of provinces， autonomous³⁶ regions， and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Fishing licences may not be sold， leased or transferred by other illegal means， and they may not be altered.

　　Article 17 Units and individuals engaging in inland water and in- shore fisheries must conduct their operations in accordance with their licences concerning the type of operation， location， time limits and quantity of fishing gear， and they must also abide by the relevant regulations on protection of fishery resources.

　　Article 18 All fishing vessels that are built， rebuilt， purchased or imported must be examined and inspected by fishing vessel²³ inspection³⁷ agencies before they are launched for operation. Concrete administrative measures shall be formulated by the department of fishery administration under the State Council.

　　Chapter IV Increase and Protection of Fishery Resources

　　Article 19 Departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall work out overall plans and take measures to increase fishery resources in the fishery waters under their jurisdiction. These departments may collect fees from the units and individuals profiting from the use of such waters and devote the money thus collected to the increase and protection of fishery resources. The procedures for collecting such fees shall be formulated by the department of fishery administration and the department of finance under the State Council， and must be approved by the State Council before going into effect.

　　Article 20 Use of explosives and poisons in fishing shall be prohibited. It shall not be permitted to fish in prohibited fishing areas and during closed seasons， to fish with gear and methods banned by the fishery authority or to use fishing nets with meshes³⁹ smaller than the minimum prescribed sizes.

　　Departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall designate species under special protection， prohibited fishing areas and closed seasons， fishing gear and methods that are to be banned or restricted and the minimum sizes for the mesh³⁸ of nets， as well as other measures for the protection of fishery resources.

　　Article 21 Catching fry of aquatic animals of important economic value shall be prohibited. Catching fry of aquatic animals of important economic value or spawning⁴⁰ aquatic animals under protection for artificial breeding or for other special purposes must be approved by the department of fishery administration under the State Council or by departments of fishery administration under the people's governments of provinces， auton- omous regions， and municipalities directly under the Central Government， and it must be conducted in the designated areas and times and strictly⁴¹ in accordance with the quotas assigned.

　　Measures shall be adopted to protect fry of aquatic animals when channeling or using water from water areas that specialize in producing such fry.

　　Article 22 When building sluices⁴² and dams on the migration⁴³ routes of fish， shrimp⁴⁴ and crabs⁴⁵ which will have serious effects on fishery re- sources， the construction units must build fish passages or adopt other remedial measures.

　　Article 23 For water bodies that are used for fisheries and also serve the purposes of water storage and regulation and irrigation， the departments concerned shall fix the lowest water level required for fishery.

　　Article 24 It shall be forbidden to reclaim⁴⁶ land from lakes. Without approval from a people's government at or above the county level， it shall not be allowed to enclose tidal flats for cultivation and no one shall be allowed to reclaim land from water areas that are used as major seedling⁴⁷ producing centres and aquatic breeding grounds.

　　Article 25 To conduct underwater explosions， exploration and construction that may have serious effects on fishery resources， the construction units shall consult in advance with the department of fishery administration under the relevant people's government at or above the county level and take measures to prevent or minimize the damage to fishery resources. In case any damage to fishery resources occurs therefrom， the relevant people's government at or above the county level shall order the responsible party to pay compensation.

　　Article 26 In accordance with the Marine Environmental Protection Law and the Water Pollution Prevention Law， people's governments at all levels shall take measures to protect and improve the ecosystem⁴⁸ of fishery waters， prevent pollution and investigate the responsibility of any unit or individual that pollutes the fishery waters.

　　Article 27 Protection shall be provided to rare aquatic animals whose capture is banned by the state. In case there is a special need to catch them， the matter shall be handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations.

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Article 28 Anyone who uses explosives or poisons in fishing， fishes in violation⁴⁹ of the regulations on prohibited fishing areas and closed seasons， uses prohibited fishing gear and methods or catches rare aquatic animals under state protection without permission shall have his catch and unlawful income confiscated⁵⁰ and be fined； in addition， his fishing gear may be confiscated and his fishing license⁵¹ revoked. In serious cases， criminal responsibility of the individual or the persons of a unit who are directly responsible shall be investigated in accordance with Article 129 of the Criminal Law.

　　Article 29 Anyone who poaches on or seizes others' aquatic products， or damages others' aquaculture water bodies and facilities shall be ordered by the department of fishery administration or its subordinate fishery superintendency agencies to compensate⁵² for the damages and shall concurrently⁵³ be fined. In serious cases or if the damage is great， criminal responsibility of the individual or the persons of a unit who are directly responsible shall be investigated in accordance with Articles 151 and 156 of the Criminal Law.

　　Article 30 Anyone who fishes Without a fishing licence obtained in accordance with this Law shall have his catches and unlawful income confiscated and may concurrently be fined. In serious cases his fishing gear may also be confiscated.

　　Article 31 Anyone who fishes in violation of the type of operation， location， time limit and amount of fishing gear stipulated⁵⁴ in his licence， shall have his catches and unlawful income confiscated and a fine may concurrently be imposed. In serious cases his fishing gear may also be confiscated and his fishing licence revoked.

　　Article 32 Anyone who trades in， leases or transfers fishing licences by other illegal means shall have his unlawful income confiscated and his fishing licence revoked and may concurrently be fined.

　　Article 33 The administrative sanctions stipulated in this Law shall be decided by departments of fishery administration or their subordinate fishery superintendency agencies. Any party who refuses to accept the decision on an administrative sanction may file suit in a people's court within 30 days after receiving notification of the decision. If the party neither files suit nor complies with the decision within the time limit， the agency that made the decision shall request the people's court to compel execution of the decision. However， a party which is engaged in maritime⁵⁵ operations must comply with the sanction before filing suit.

　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 34 The department of fishery administration under the State Council shall， in accordance with this Law， formulate⁴ rules for its implementation⁵⁶， which shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.

　　The standing committees of people's congresses of provinces， autonomous regions， and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate measures of implementation in accordance with this Law and the rules for its implementation.

　　Article 35 This Law shall come into force as of July l， l986

上一篇：全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准长江南京港对外国籍船舶开放 下一篇：国务院关于修改《中华人民共和国外国籍船舶航行长江水域管理规定