中华人民共和国海关法
CUSTOMS LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

主席令第五十一号
（Adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing¹ Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on January 22， 1987， promulgated² by Order No. 51 of the President of the People's Republic of China on January 22，1987， and effective as of July 1， 1987）
时效性：已被修正　 颁布日期：19870122 　实施日期：19870701 　失效日期：20010101 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Inward and Outward Means of Transport

　　Chapter III Inward and Outward Goods

　　Chapter IV Inward and Outward Articles

　　Chapter V Customs Duties

　　Chapter VI Legal Responsibility

　　Chapter VII Supplementary³ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated⁴ for the purpose of safeguarding state sovereignty and interests， strengthening supervision⁵ and control by the Customs， promoting exchanges with foreign countries in economic affairs， trade， science， technology and culture， and ensuring socialist⁶ modernization⁷.

　　Article 2 The Customs of the People's Republic of China shall be the state organ responsible for supervision and control over everything entering and leaving the Customs territory （hereinafter referred to as inward and outward persons and objects）。 The Customs shall， in accordance with this Law and other related laws and regulations， exercise supervision and control over the means of transport， goods， travellers' luggage， postal⁸ items and other articles entering or leaving the territory （hereinafter referred to as inward and outward means of transport， goods and articles）， collect Customs duties and other taxes and fees， uncover and suppress smuggling⁹， work out Customs statistics and handle other Customs operations.

　　Article 3 The State Council shall set up the General Customs Administration which shall exercise unified¹⁰ administration of Customs establishments throughout the country.

　　The State shall set up Customs establishments at ports open to foreign countries and regions and at places which call for concentrated Customs operations of supervision and control. The subordination of one Customs establishment to another shall not be restricted by administrative¹¹ divisions.

　　Customs establishments shall exercise their functions and powers independently in accordance with the law， and shall be responsible to the General Customs Administration.

　　Article 4 A Customs establishment shall exercise the following powers：

　　（1） to check inward and outward means of transport and examine inward and outward goods and articles； to detain those entering or leaving the territory in violation¹² of this Law or other relevant laws and regulations；

　　（2） to examine the papers and identifications of persons entering or leaving the territory； to interrogate¹³ those suspected of violating this Law or other relevant laws and regulations， and investigate their illegal activities；

　　（3） to examine and make copies of contracts， invoices¹⁴， book accounts， bills， records， documents， business letters and cables， audio and video products and other materials related to the inward and outward means of transport， goods and articles； to detain those related to the means of transport， goods and articles entering or leaving the territory in violation of this Law or other relevant laws and regulations；

　　（4） to search， within a Customs surveillance zone and the specified¹⁵ coastal¹⁶ or border area in the vicinity of a Customs establishment， means of transport suspected of involvement in smuggling， and storage places suspected of concealing¹⁸ smuggled¹⁹ goods and articles， and to search persons suspected of smuggling. Upon the approval of the director of a Customs establishment， a suspected criminal smuggler²⁰ may be detained and handed over to a judicial²¹ organ. Such detention²² shall not exceed 24 hours and， under special circumstances， may be extended to 48 hours.

　　The scope of the specified coastal or border area in the vicinity of a Customs establishment shall be defined by the General Customs Administration and the public security department under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant provincial²³ people's governments；

　　（5） Customs officers may chase means of transport or persons defying and escaping from Customs supervision and control to places beyond a Customs surveillance zone or the specified coastal or border area in the vicinity of a Customs establishment and bring them back to be properly dealt with； and （6） a Customs establishment may be provided with arms for the performance of its duties. Rules governing the carrying and use of arms by Customs officers shall be drawn²⁴ up by the General Customs Administration jointly²⁵ with the public security department under the State Council and reported to the State Council for approval.

　　Article 5 All inward and outward means of transport， goods and articles shall enter or leave the territory at a place where there is a Customs establishment. If， under special circumstances， they have to enter or leave the territory at a place without a Customs establishment as a matter of contingency²⁶， permission shall be obtained from the State Council or an organ authorized²⁸ by the State Council， and Customs formalities shall be duly completed in accordance with this Law.

　　Article 6 Unless otherwise provided for， all import and export goods shall be declared and duties on them paid by declaration enterprises registered with the Customs， or by enterprises entitled to engage in import and export business. The persons of these enterprises in charge of the declaration shall be evaluated and approved by the Customs. The Customs formalities concerning declaration of inward and outward articles and payment of duties on them may be completed either by the owner or by a person the owner has entrusted²⁹ to act as his agent.

　　The agent entrusted to complete the declaration formalities shall abide³⁰ by all provisions of this Law applicable to the owner.

　　Article 7 Customs personnel shall abide by the laws and regulations， enforce the law impartially³¹， be devoted³² to their duties and render services in a civilized³³ manner.

　　No unit or individual may obstruct³⁴ the Customs from performing its duties according to law.

　　Where a Customs officer meets with resistance while carrying out his duties， the public security organ and the People's Armed Police units performing related tasks shall provide assistance.

　　Chapter II Inward and Outward Means of Transport

　　Article 8 When a means of transport arrives at or departs from a place where there is a Customs establishment， the person in charge of the means of transport shall make a truthful³⁵ declaration to the Customs， submit the relevant papers for examination and accept Customs control and examination. The inward and outward means of transport staying at a place with a Customs establishment shall not depart from it without prior permission by the Customs. Before an inward or outward means of transport moves from one place with a Customs establishment to another place with a Customs establishment， it shall comply with the control requirements of the Customs and complete Customs formalities； no means of transport shall be allowed to change its course and leave the territory unless it has cleared the Customs.

　　Article 9 An inward means of transport which has entered the territory but has not made its declaration to the Customs or an outward means of transport which has cleared the Customs but has not left the territory shall move along routes specified by competent communications authorize²⁷； in the absence of such specification³⁶， the routes shall be designated by the Customs.

　　Article 10 The Customs shall be notified in advance， either by the person in charge of a means of transport or by the relevant transport and communications department， of such details as when an inward or outward vessel³⁷， train or aircraft will arrive and depart， where it will stay， what places it will move to during its stay， and when the loading or unloading of the goods and articities will take place.

　　Article 11 The inward or outward goods and articles being loaded on or unloaded from a means of transport and the inward and outward passengers boarding or getting off a means of transport shall be subject to Customs control.

　　Upon the completion of such loading or unloading， the person in charge of the means of transport shall submit to the Customs documents and records which reflect the actual situation of the loading and unloading.

　　Those boarding or getting off an inward or outward means of transport who carry articles with them shall truthfully declare to the Customs and shall be subject to Customs examination.

　　Article 12 When an inward or outward means of transport is being checked by the Customs， the person in charge of the means of transport shall be present and open the holds， cabins， rooms or doors of the vehicles at the request of the Customs； where smuggling is suspected， such person shall also open or dismantle³⁸ the part of the means of transport which may conceal¹⁷ smuggled goods and articles or remove the goods and materials. In accordance with work requirements， the Customs may dispatch officers to perform duties on board the means of transport. The person in charge of the means of transport shall provide them with conveniences.

　　Article 13 An inward means of transport of countries or regions outside the territory or an outward means of transport of units or enterprises inside the territory shall not be transferred or devoted to other uses prior to the completion of Customs formalities and payment of Customs duties.

　　Article 14 Where inward or outward vessels³⁹ and aircraft are concurrently⁴⁰ engaged in transportation of goods and passengers within the territory， Customs approval shall be obtained and requirements for Customs control shall be fulfilled.

　　Customs formalities shall be completed with the Customs for an inward or outward means of transport to change to transport business within the territory.

　　Article 15 Coastal transport vessels， fishing boats and ships engaged in special operations at sea may not carry， obtain on an exchange basis， purchase or transfer inward and outward goods and articles without Customs approval.

　　Article 16 When， owing to force majeure， an inward or outward vessel or aircraft is forced to berth⁴¹， land or jettison⁴² and discharge goods and articles at a place without a Customs establishment， the person in charge of the means of transport shall report immediately to the Customs establishment nearby.

　　Chapter III Inward and Outward Goods

　　Article 17 All import goods， throughout the period from the time of arrival in the territory to the time of Customs clearance⁴³； all export goods， throughout the period from the time of declaration to the time of departure from the territory； and all transit⁴⁴， transshipment and through goods， throughout the period from the time of arrival in the territory to the time of departure from the territory， shall be subject to Customs control.

　　Article 18 The consignee⁴⁵ for import goods and the consignor⁴⁶ for export goods shall make an accurate declaration and submit the import or export license⁴⁷ and relevant papers to the Customs for examination. In the absence of an import or export license； goods whose importation or exportation is restricted by the State shall not be released. Specific measures for handling such matters shall be enacted⁴⁸ by the State Council.

　　Declaration of import goods shall be made to the Customs by the consignee within 14 days of the declaration of the arrival of the means of transport； declaration of export goods shall be made by the consignor 24 hours prior to loading unless otherwise specially⁴⁹ approved by the Customs. Where the consignee fails to declare the import goods within the time limit prescribed in the preceding paragraph， a fee for delayed declaration shall be imposed by the Customs.

　　Article 19 All imports and export goods shall be subject to Customs examination. While the examination is being carried out， the consignee for the import goods or the consignor for the export goods shall be present and be responsible for moving the goods and opening and restoring the package. The Customs shall be entitled to examine or re-examine the goods or take samples from them without the presence of the consignee or the consignor whenever it considers this necessary. Import and export goods may be exempted⁵⁰ from examination if an application has been made by the consignee or consignor and approved by the General Customs Administration.

　　Article 20 Unless specially approved by the Customs， import and export goods shall be released upon Customs endorsement⁵¹ only after the payment of duties or the provision of a guarantee.

　　Article 21 Where the consignee fails to declare the import goods to the Customs within three months of the declaration of the arrival of the means of transport， the goods shall be taken over and sold off by the Customs.

　　After the costs of transport， loading and unloading and storage and the duties and taxes are deducted⁵³ from the money obtained from the sale， the remaining sum， if any， shall be returned to the consignee provided he submits an application to the Customs within one year of the sale of the goods； if nobody applies within the time limit， the money shall be turned over to the State Treasury⁵⁴. Inward goods confirmed by the Customs to be misdischarged or over-discharged may be returned to the place of consignment⁵⁵ or imported upon completion of necessary formalities by the person in charge of the means of transport carrying the goods or the consignee or the consignor for the goods within three months of the discharging. When necessary， an extension of three months may be granted through Customs approval. If the formalities are not completed within the time limit， the goods shall be disposed of by the Customs in accordance with the provisions laid down in the preceding paragraph. where goods listed in the preceding two paragraphs are not suitable for storage over a long period， the Customs may， according to actual circumstances， dispose of them before the time limit is reached.

　　Import goods declared to be abandoned by the consignee or the owner shall be taken over and sold off by the Customs. The money thus obtained shall be turned over to the State Treasury after the costs of transport， loading， unloading and storage are deducted.

　　Article 22 Goods that are temporarily imported or exported with the approval of the Customs shall be re-shipped out of or into the territory within six months. An extension may be granted in special circumstances through Customs approval.

　　Article 23 The operation of the storage， processing and assembling and consignment sales of bonded⁵⁶ goods shall be approved by and registered with the Customs.

　　Article 24 Customs formalities for import goods shall be completed by the consignee at the Customs establishment at the place where the goods enter the territory； those for export goods shall be completed by the consignor at the Customs establishment where the goods depart from the territory.

　　If applied⁵⁷ for by the consignee or the consignor and approved by the Customs， Customs formalities for import goods may be completed at the place of destination where there is a Customs establishment， and those for export goods at the place of consignment where there is a Customs establishment. The transport of such goods from one place with a Customs establishment to another shall comply with the control requirements of the Customs. When necessary， Customs officers may escort the goods in transportation. Where goods enter or leave the territory by electric cables， pipelines⁵⁸ or other special means of conveyance⁵⁹， the management units concerned shall report at regular intervals⁶⁰ to the designated Customs establishment and complete Customs formalities as required.

　　Article 25 All transit， transshipment and through goods shall be truthfully declared by the person in charge of the means of transport to the Customs establishment at the place where the goods enter the territory， and shall be shipped out of the territory within the designated time limit. The Customs may examine such goods whenever it considers this necessary.

　　Article 26 Without Customs approval， no unit or individual may open， pick up， deliver， forward， change， repack， mortgage or transfer goods under Customs control or change the identification marks on such goods.

　　Seals affixed⁶¹ by the Customs may not be opened or broken by any person without Customs authorization⁶³.

　　The managers of warehouses⁶⁴ and places where goods under Customs control are kept shall complete procedures for the receipt and delivery of goods in accordance with Customs regulations.

　　The storage of goods under Customs control at a place outside a Customs surveillance zone shall be approved by the Customs and subject to Customs control.

　　Article 27 The General Customs Administration shall draw up， independently or jointly with the relevant departments under the State Council， rules for control over inward and outward containers； rules for control over the salvage⁶⁵ of inward and outward goods and sunken ships； rules for control over inward and outward goods involved in small volumes of border transactions and other inward and outward goods not specified in this Law.

　　Chapter IV Inward and Outward Articles

　　Article 28 Inward and outward luggage carried by individuals and inward and outward articles sent by post shall be limited to reasonable quantities for personal use and shall be subject to Customs control.

　　Article 29 All inward and outward articles shall be accurately⁶⁶ declared to the Customs by the owner and shall be subject to Customs examination.

　　Seals affixed by the Customs may not be opened or broken by any person without authorization.

　　Article 30 The loading， unloading， transshipment and transit of inward and outward mail bags shall be subject to Customs control， and a covering waybill shall be submitted to the Customs by the postal enterprise concerned. The postal enterprise shall inform the Customs in advance of the schedule for the opening and sealing of international mail bags. The Customs shall promptly⁶⁷ dispatch officers to supervise checking and examination on the spot.

　　Article 31 Inward and outward articles sent by post shall be posted or delivered by managing units only after they have been examined and released by the Customs.

　　Article 32 Articles registered with and approved by the Customs for temporarily entering or leaving the territory duty-free， shall be taken out or brought into the territory again by the owner. Persons passing through the territory may not leave in the territory， without Customs approval， the articles they carry with them.

　　Article 33 In accordance with Article 21 of this Law， the Customs shall dispose of inward and outward articles declared to be abandoned by the owner； articles to which no one makes a claim or for which Customs formalities are not completed within the time limit set by the Customs； and inward postal items which can neither be delivered nor be returned.

　　Article 34 Inward and outward articles intended for official or personal use by foreign missions or personnel enjoying diplomatic privileges and immunities⁶⁸ shall be dealt with in accordance with the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities.

　　Chapter V Customs Duties

　　Article 35 Unless otherwise provided for in this Law， Customs duties shall be levied⁶⁹ according to the import and export tariff⁷⁰ on goods permitted to be imported or exported and articles permitted to enter or leave the territory. The tariff shall be made known to the public.

　　Article 36 The consignee of import goods， the consignor of export goods and the owner of inward and outward articles shall be the obligatory⁷¹ Customs duty payer.

　　Article 37 The Customs duty payer of import or export goods shall pay the amount levied within seven days following the date of issuance of the duty memorandum⁷². In case of failure to meet this time limit， a fee for delayed payment shall be imposed by the Customs. Where the delay exceeds three months， the Customs may instruct the guarantor to pay the duties or sell off the goods to offset⁷³ the duties. The Customs may inform the bank to deduct⁵² the amount of duties due from the deposits of the guarantor or the obligatory Customs duty payer when it considers this necessary. The payment of duties on inward or outward articles shall be made， prior to their release， by the obligatory Customs duty payer.

　　Article 38 The duty-paying value of an import item shall be its normal CIF price， which shall be approved by the Customs； the duty-paying value of an export item shall be its normal FOB price， which shall be approved by the Customs， minus the export duty. Where it is impossible to ascertain⁷⁴ the CIF or FOB price， the duty-paying value of an import or export item shall be fixed⁶² by the Customs.

　　The duty-paying value of an inward or outward article shall be fixed by the Customs

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