1974年国际海上人命安全公约1990年修正案
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1974年国际海上人命安全公约1990年修正案
AMENDMENTS1 TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFEATSEA, 1974

颁布日期:19900525  实施日期:19900525

  [Adopted on 25 May 1990 by Resolution MSC. 19(58)]

  TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II-1 CONSTRUCTION-SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY, MACHINERY2 ANDELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Addition of new Part B-1 PART B-1 SUBDIVISION AND DAMAGE STABILITY OF CARGO3 SHIPS

  25-1 Application

  25-2 Definitions

  25-3 Required subdivision index “R”

  25-4 Attained4 subdivision index “A”

  25-5 Calculation of the factor “P ”

  i

  25-6 Calculation of the factor “S ”

  i

  25-7 Permeability

  25-8 Stability information

  25-9 Openings in watertight bulkheads and internal decks in cargoships.

  25-10 External openings in cargo shipsAMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA,1974[Adopted on 25 May 1990 by Resolution MSC .19(58)]

  CHAPTER II-1 CONSTRUCTION-SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY, MACHINERY ANDELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

  Insert the following new part B-1, comprising Regulations 25-1 to25-10, after existing part B: “PART B-1 SUBDIVISION AND DAMAGE STABILITYOF CARGO SHIPS

  [ The Maritime5 Safety Committee, in adopting the Regulationscontained in part B-1, invited Administrations to note that theRegulations should be applied6 in conjunction with the explanatory notesdeveloped by the Organization in order to ensure their uniformapplication.] (This part applies to cargo ships constructed on or after 1February 1992)

  Regulation 25-1 Application

  1 The requirements in this part shall apply to cargo ships over 100 min length (“Ls”) but shall exclude those ships which are shown to complywith subdivision and damage stability regulations in other instruments developed by the Organization.

  [ Ships shown to comply with the following Regulations may beexcluded from the application of part B-1:

  。1 annex7 1 to MARPOL 73/78;

  。2 International Bulk Chemical Code (resolutions MSC. 4(48) andMSC. 10(54)), as amended8

  。3 International Gas Carrier Code (resolution MSC. 5(48));

  。4 Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Offshore9 SupplyVessels (resolution A. 469 (XII));

  。5 Code of Safety for Special Purpose Ships (resolution A. 534(13));

  。6 damage stability requirements of Regulation 27 of the 1966 LoadLine Convention as applied in compliance10 with resolutions A. 320(IX) andA. 514(13), provided that in the case of ships to which Regulation 27(9)apply, main transverse watertight bulkheads, to be considered effective,are spaced according to paragraph (12) (f) of resolution A. 320(IX)。]

  2 Any reference hereinafter to Regulations refers to the set ofRegulations contained in this part.

  3 The Administration may for a particular ship or group of shipsaccept alternative arrangements, if it is satisfied that at least thesame degree of safety as represented by these Regulations is achieved. AnyAdministration which allows such alternative arrangements shallcommunicate to the Organization particulars there of.

  Regulation 25-2 Definitions

  For the purpose of these Regulations, unless expressly providedotherwise:

  1.1 Subdivision load line is a waterline used in determining thesubdivision of the ship.

  1.2 Deepest subdivision load line is the subdivision load line whichcorresponds to the summer draught11 to be assigned to the ship.

  1.3 Partial load line is the light ship draught plus 60% of thedifference between the light ship draught and deepest subdivision loadline.

  2.1 Subdivision length of the ship (“Ls”) is the greatest projectedmoulded length of that part of the ship at or below deck or decks limitingthe vertical12 extent of flooding with the ship at the deepest subdivisionload line.

  2.2 Mid13-length is the mid point of the subdivision length of the ship.

  2.3 Aft terminal is the aft limit of the subdivision length.

  2.4 Forward terminal is the forward limit of the subdivision length.

  3 Breadth (“B”) is the greatest moulded breadth of the ship at orbelow the deepest subdivision load line.

  4 Draught (“d”) is the vertical distance from the moulded baseline atmid-length to the waterline in question.

  5 Permeability (“ μ”) of a space is the proportion of the immersedvolume of that space which can be occupied by water.

  Regulation 25-3 Required subdivision index “R”

  1 These Regulations are intended to provide ships with a minimumstandard of subdivision.

  2 The degree of subdivision to be provided shall be determined14 by therequired subdivision index “R”, as follows:

            |-------------------------|
            |                    1/3  |
            |  R=(0.002+0.0009Ls)     | where "Ls" is in metres.
            |-------------------------|
      Regulation 25-4 Attained subdivision index "A"
      1 The attained subdivision index "A", calculated in accordance with
  this Regulation, shall not be less than the required subdivision index
  "R", calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of Regulation 25-3.
      2 The attained subdivision index "A" shall be calculated for the ship
  by the following formula:
                              |----------------|
                              |     A=∑p s    |
                              |          i i   |
                              |----------------|
  

  where:

  “i” represents each compartment15 or group of compartments16 underconsideration,

  “p ” accounts for the probability that only the compartment or group

  i of compartments under consideration may be flooded, disregardingany horizontal subdivision,

  “s ” accounts for the probability of survival after flooding the

  i compartment or group of compartments under consideration,including the effects of any horizontal subdivision.

  3 In calculating “A”, level trim shall be used.

  4 This summation17 covers only those cases of flooding which contributeto the value of the attained subdivision index “A”。

  5 The summation indicated by the above formula shall be taken over theship's length for all cases of flooding in which a single compartment ortwo or more adjacent compartments are involved.

  6 wherever wing compartments are fitted, contribution to the summationindicated by the formula shall be taken for all cases of flooding in whichwing compartments are involved; and additionally, for all cases ofsimultaneous flooding of a wing compartment or compartments and theadjacent inboard compartment or compartments, assuming a rectangularpenetration which extends to the ship's centreline, but excludes damage toany centreline bulkhead.

  7 The assumed vertical extent of damage is to extend from the baselineupwards to any watertight horizontal subdivision above the waterline orhigher. However, if a lesser18 extent will give a more severe result, suchextent is to be assumed.

  8 If pipes, ducts or tunnels are situated19 within assumed floodedcompartments, arrangements are to be made to ensure that progressiveflooding cannot there by extend to compartments other than those assumedflood. However, the Administration may permit minor20 progressive floodingif it is demonstrated that its effects can be easily controlled and thesafety of the ship is not impaired21.

  9 In the flooding calculations carried out according to theRegulations, only one breach22 of the hull23 need be assumed.

  Regulation 25-5 Calculation of the Factor “Pi ”

  1 The factor “p ” shall be calculated according to paragraph 1.1 as

  i appropriate, using the following notations24

  X =the distance from the aft terminal of “L ” to the foremost

  1 s portion of the aft end of the compartment being considered;

  X =the distance from the aft terminal of “L ” to the aftermost

  2 s portion of the forward end of the compartment being considered;

          E =X /L
           1  1  s
       |------------|
       |  E =X /L   |
       |   2  2  s  |
       |------------|
          E=E +E -1
             1  2
       |------------|
       |  J=E - E   |
       |     2   1  |
       |------------|
          J'=J-E, if E≥0
          J'=J+E, if E<0
          The maximum nondimensional damage length
       |--------------------------------------|
       |  J   =48/L , but not more than 0.24. |
       |   max     s                          |
       |--------------------------------------|
          The assumed distribution density25 of damage location along the
  ship's length
          a=1.2+0.8E, but not more than 1.2.
          The assumed distribution function of damage location along the
  ship's length
          F=0.4+0.25E(1.2+a)
       |--------------|
       |  y=J/J       |
       |       max    |
       |--------------|
          P=F  J
             1   max
       |-------------------|
       |               2   |
       |  q=0.4F (J   )    |
       |        2  max     |
       |-------------------|
      |---------------------------|
      |             3             |
      |        2   y              |
      |   F = y - ---, if y<1,   |
      |    1       3              |
      |---------------------------|
                 1
          F =y- ---, otherwise;
           1     3
      |---------------------------|
      |        3    4             |
      |       y    y              |
      |   F =--- - ---, if y<1,  |
      |    2  3    12             |
      |---------------------------|
               2
              y     y     1
          F =--- - --- + ---, otherwise.
           2  2     3    12

  1.1 The factor “p ” is determined for each single compartment:

  i

  1.1.1 Where the compartment considered extends over the entire shiplength, “L ”:

  s

  p =1

  i

  1.1.2 Where the aft limit of the compartment considered coincides withthe aft terminal:

  p =F+0.5ap+q

  i

  1.1.3 Where the forward limit of the compartment considered coincideswith the forward terminal:

  p =1-F+0.5ap

  i

  1.1.4 When both ends of the compartment considered are inside the aftand forward terminals of the ship length, “L ”:

  s

  p =ap

  i

  1.1.5 In applying the formulae of paragraphs 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and 1.1.4,where the compartment considered extends over the “mid-length”, theseformulae values shall be reduced by an amount determined according to theformula for “q”, in which “F ” is calculated taking “y” to be J'/J

  2 max

  2 Wherever wing compartments are fitted, the “p ” -value for a wing

  i compartment shall be obtained by multiplying the value, as determined inparagraph 3, by the reduction factor “r” according to subparagraph 2.2,which represents the probability that the inboard spaces will not beflooded.

  2.1 The “P ”-value for the case of simultaneous flooding of a wing and

  i adjacent inboard compartment shall be obtained by usingthe formulae of paragraph 3, multiplied by the factor (1-r)。

  2.2 The reduction factor “r” shall be determined by the followingformulae:

  For J ≥0.2b/B:

  b 0.08

  r=——(2.3 + ——) + 0.1, if b/B ≤0.2

  B J+0.02

  0.016 b

  r=(—— + —— + 0.36), if b/B>0.2

  J+0.02 B

  For J <0.2 b/B the reduction factor “r” shall be determined by linearinterpolation between

  r=1, for J=0

  and

  r=as for the case where J ≥0.2b/B, for J=0.2b/B,

  where:

  b=the mean transverse distance in metres measured at rightangles to the centreline at the deepest subdivision load line between theshell and a plane through the outermost26 portion of and parallel to thatpart of the longitudinal bulkhead which extends between the longitudinal limits used in calculating the factor “p ”。

  i

  3 To evaluate “p” for compartments taken singly the formulae inparagraphs 1 and 2 shall be applied directly.

  3.1 To evaluate the “p”-values attributable to groups of compartmentsthe following applies:

  for compartments taken by pairs:

   |---------------|
   | p =p -p -p |
   | i 12 1 2 |
   |---------------|

  p =p -p -p , etc.

  i 23 2 3

  for compartments taken by groups of three:

  p =p -p -p +p

  i 123 12 23 2

  p =p -p -p +p , etc.

  i 234 23 34 3

  for compartments taken by groups of four:

  p =p -p -p +p

  i 1234 123 234 23

  p =p -p -p +p , etc.

  i 2345 234 345 34

  Where:

  p , p , p , etc.,

  12 23 34

  p , p , p , etc. and

  123 234 345

  p , p , p , etc.

  1234 2345 3456

  shall be calculated according to the formulae in paragraphs 1 and 2for a single compartment whose nondimensional length “J” corresponds tothat of a group consisting of the compartments indicated by the indicesassigned to “p”。

  3.2 The factor “P ” for a group of three or more adjacent compartments

  i equals zero if the nondimensional length of such agroup nines the nondimensional length of the aftermost and foremostcompartments in the group is greater than “J ”。

  max

  Regulation 25-6 Calculation of Factor “Si”

  1 The factor “s ”, shall be determined for each compartment or group

  iof compartments ac cording to the following:

  1.1 in general for any condition of flooding from any initial loadingcondition “s” shall be

   _________________
   s=C √0.5(GZ )(range)
   max
   with C=1, if θe ≤25°
   C=0, if θe >30°
   _______
   C= √ 30-θe
   ------- otherwise

  5

  GZ =maximum positive righting lever (in metres) within the

  max range as given below but not more than 0.1 m;

  range=range of positive righting levers beyond the angle ofequilibrium (in degrees) but not more than 20 °; however, the range shallbe terminated at the angle where openings not capable of being closedweathertight are immersed;

  θe=final equilibrium27 angle of heel (in degrees);

  1.2 s=0 where the final waterline taking into account sinkage, heeland trim, immerses the lower edge of openings through which progressiveflooding may take place. Such opening shall include air-pipes, ventilatorsand openings which are closed by means of weathertight doors or hatchcovers, and may exclude those openings closed by means of watertightmanhole covers and flush scuttles28, small watertight hatch covers whichmaintain the high integrity of the deck, remotely operated slidingwatertight doors, access doors and access hatch covers, of watertightintegrity, normally closed at sea and sidescuttles of the non-openingtype. However, if the compartments so flooded are taken into account inthe calculations the requirements of this Regulation shall be applied.

  1.3 For each compartment or group of compartments “s ” shall be

  i weighted according to draught consideration as follows:

  s =0.5s +0.5s

  i l p

  where

  “s ” is the “s”-factor at the deepest subdivision load line;

  l

  “s ” is the “s”-factor at the partial load line.

  p

  2 For all compartments forward of the collision bulkhead, the“s”-value, calculated assuming the ship to be at its deepest subdivisionload line and with assumed unlimited29 vertical extent of damage is to beequal to 1.

  3 Wherever a horizontal subdivision is fitted above the waterline inquestion the following applies.

  3.1 The “s”-value for the lower compartment or group of compartmentsshall be obtained by multiplying the value as determined in subparagraph1.1 by the reduction factor “v ” ac cording to subparagraph 3.3, which

  i represents the probability that the spaces above the horizontalsubdivision will not be flooded.

  3.2 In cases of positive contribution to index “A” due to simultaneousflooding of the spaces above the horizontal subdivision, the resulting“s”-value for such a compartment or group of compartments shall beobtained by an increase of the value as determined by subparagraph 3.1 bythe “s”-value for simultaneous flooding according to subparagraph 1.1, multiplied by the factor (1-v )。

  i

  3.3 The probability factor “v ” shall be calculated according to:

  i

    H-d
  v = ——, for the assumed flooding up to the horizontal
    i H -d

  maxsubdivision above the subdivision load line, where “H” is to be restrictedto a height of

  “H ”,

  max

  v =1, if the uppermost horizontal subdivision in way of the

  iassumed dam aged30 region is below “H ”,

  max

  where:

  “H” is the height of the horizontal subdivision above the baseline (inmetres) which is assumed to limit the vertical extent of damage,

  “H ” is the maximum possible vertical extent of damage above the

  max baseline (in metres), or

    |----------------------------------------|
    |                   L                    |
    |                    s                   |
    | H   =d+0.056L (1- ---), if L ≤250m;   |
    |  max         s    500       s          |
    | H   =d+7, if L >250m                  |
    |  max          s                        |
    |----------------------------------------|
  

  whichever is less.

  Regulation 25-7 Permeability

  For the purpose of the subdivision and damage stability calculationsof the Regulations, the permeability of each space or part of a spaceshall be as follows:

  Spaces Permeability

  Appropriated to stores 0.60

  Occupied by accommodation 0.95

  Occupied by machinery 0.85

  Void spaces 0.95

  Dry cargo spaces 0.7

  Intended for liquid 0 or 0.95

  [ whichever results in the more severe requirements.]

  Regulation 25-8 Stability Information

  1 The master of the ship shall be supplied with such reliableinformation as is necessary to enable him by rapid and simple means toobtain accurate guidance as to the stability of the ship under varyingconditions of service. The information shall include:

  。1 a curve of minimum operational metacentric height (GM) versusdraught which assures compliance with the relevant intact stabilityrequirements and the requirements of Regulations 25-1 to 25-6,alternatively a corresponding curve of the maximum allowable verticalcentre of gravity (KG) versus31 draught, or with the equivalents of eitherof these curves;

  。2 instructions concerning the operation of cross-floodingarrangements; and

  。3 all other date and aids which might be necessary to maintainstability after damage.

  2 There shall be permanently32 exhibited, or readily available on thenavigating bridge, for the guidance of the officer in charge of the ship,plans showing clearly for each deck and hold the boundaries of thewatertight compartments, the openings therein with the means of closureand position of any controls thereof, and the arrangements for thecorrection of any list due to flooding. In addition, booklets containingthe aforementioned information shall be made available to the officers ofthe ship.

  3 In order to provide the information referred to in 1.1, the limitingGM (or KG) values to be used, if they have been determined fromconsiderations related to the subdivision index, the limiting GM shall bevaried linearly between the deepest subdivision load line and the partialload line. In such cases, for draughts33 below the partial load line if theminimum GM requirement at this draught results from the calculation of thesubdivision index, then this GM value shall be assumed for lesserdraughts, unless the intact stability requirements apply.

  Regulation 25-9 Openings in watertight bulkheads and internaldecks in cargo ships

  1 The number of openings in watertight subdivision is to be kept to aminimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. Wherepenetrations of watertight bulkheads and internal decks are necessary foraccess, piping, ventilation, electrical cables, etc., arrangements are tobe made to maintain the watertight integrity. The Administration maypermit relaxation34 in the water-tightness of openings above the freeboarddeck, provided that it is demonstrated that any progressive flooding canbe easily controlled and that the safety of the ship is not impaired.

  2 Doors provided to ensure the watertight integrity of internalopenings which are used while at sea are to be sliding watertight doorscapable of being remotely closed from the bridge and are also to beoperable locally from each side of the bulkhead. Indicators35 are to beprovided at the control position showing whether the doors are open orclosed, and an audible alarm is to be provided at the door closure. Thepower, control and indicators are to be operable in the event of mainpower failure. Particular attention is to be paid to minimize the effectof control system failure. Each power-operated sliding watertight doorshall be provided with an individual hand-operated mechanism36. It shall bepossible to open and close the door by hand at the door itself from bothsides.

  3 Access doors and access hatch covers normally closed at sea,intended to ensure the watertight integrity of internal openings, shall beprovided with means of indication locally and on the bridge showingwhether these doors or hatch covers are open or closed. A notice is to beaffixed to each such door or hatch cover to the effect that it is not tobe left open. The use of such doors and hatch cover shall be authorized39 bythe officer of the watch.

  4 Watertight doors or ramps40 of satisfactory construction may be fittedto internally subdivide41 large cargo spaces, provided that theAdministration is satisfied that such doors or ramps are essential. Thesedoors or ramps may be hinged, rolling or sliding doors or ramps, butshall not be remotely controlled. Such doors or ramps shall be closedbefore the voyage commences and shall be kept closed during navigation;the time of opening such doors or ramps in port and of closing them beforethe ship leaves port shall be entered in the logbook. Should any of thedoors or ramps be accessible during the voyage, they shall be fitted witha device which prevents unauthorized opening.

  5 Other closing appliances which are kept permanently closed at sea toensure the watertight integrity of internal openings shall be providedwith a notice which is to be affixed37 to each such closing appliance to theeffect that it is to be kept closed. Manholes fitted with closely boltedcovers need not be so marked.

  Regulation 25-10 External openings in cargo ships

  1 All external openings leading to compartments assumed intact in thedamage analysis, which are below the final damage waterline, are requiredto be watertight.

  2 External openings required to be watertight in accordance withparagraph 1 shall be of sufficient strength and, except for cargo hatchcovers, shall be fitted with indicators on the bridge.

  3 Openings in the shell plating below the deck limiting the verticalextent of damage shall be kept permanently closed while at sea. Should anyof these openings be accessible during the voyage, they shall be fittedwith a device which prevents unauthorized opening.

  4 Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph 3, the Administrationmay authorize38 that particular doors may be opened at the discretion42 of themaster, if necessary for the operation of the ship and provided that thesafety of the ship is not impaired.

  5 Other closing appliances which are kept permanently closed at sea toensure the watertight integrity of external openings shall be providedwith a notice affixed to each appliance to the effect that it is to bekept closed. Manholes fitted with closely bolted covers need not be somarked



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 amendments 39576081718792f25ceae20f3bb99b43     
(法律、文件的)改动( amendment的名词复数 ); 修正案; 修改; (美国宪法的)修正案
参考例句:
  • The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
  • Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。
2 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
3 cargo 6TcyG     
n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物
参考例句:
  • The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
  • A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。
4 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
5 maritime 62yyA     
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
参考例句:
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
6 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
7 annex HwzzC     
vt.兼并,吞并;n.附属建筑物
参考例句:
  • It plans to annex an England company in order to enlarge the market.它计划兼并一家英国公司以扩大市场。
  • The annex has been built on to the main building.主楼配建有附属的建筑物。
8 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
9 offshore FIux8     
adj.海面的,吹向海面的;adv.向海面
参考例句:
  • A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
  • A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。
10 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
11 draught 7uyzIH     
n.拉,牵引,拖;一网(饮,吸,阵);顿服药量,通风;v.起草,设计
参考例句:
  • He emptied his glass at one draught.他将杯中物一饮而尽。
  • It's a pity the room has no north window and you don't get a draught.可惜这房间没北窗,没有过堂风。
12 vertical ZiywU     
adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
参考例句:
  • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
  • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
13 mid doTzSB     
adj.中央的,中间的
参考例句:
  • Our mid-term exam is pending.我们就要期中考试了。
  • He switched over to teaching in mid-career.他在而立之年转入教学工作。
14 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
15 compartment dOFz6     
n.卧车包房,隔间;分隔的空间
参考例句:
  • We were glad to have the whole compartment to ourselves.真高兴,整个客车隔间由我们独享。
  • The batteries are safely enclosed in a watertight compartment.电池被安全地置于一个防水的隔间里。
16 compartments 4e9d78104c402c263f5154f3360372c7     
n.间隔( compartment的名词复数 );(列车车厢的)隔间;(家具或设备等的)分隔间;隔层
参考例句:
  • Your pencil box has several compartments. 你的铅笔盒有好几个格。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The first-class compartments are in front. 头等车室在前头。 来自《简明英汉词典》
17 summation fshwH     
n.总和;最后辩论
参考例句:
  • The exhibition was a summation of his life's work.这次展览汇集了他一生中典型的作品。
  • The defense attorney phrased his summation at last.最后,辩护律师作了辩论总结。
18 lesser UpxzJL     
adj.次要的,较小的;adv.较小地,较少地
参考例句:
  • Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
  • She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及,但程度较轻。
19 situated JiYzBH     
adj.坐落在...的,处于某种境地的
参考例句:
  • The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。
  • She is awkwardly situated.她的处境困难。
20 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
参考例句:
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
21 impaired sqtzdr     
adj.受损的;出毛病的;有(身体或智力)缺陷的v.损害,削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Much reading has impaired his vision. 大量读书损害了他的视力。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • His hearing is somewhat impaired. 他的听觉已受到一定程度的损害。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
22 breach 2sgzw     
n.违反,不履行;破裂;vt.冲破,攻破
参考例句:
  • We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
  • He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。
23 hull 8c8xO     
n.船身;(果、实等的)外壳;vt.去(谷物等)壳
参考例句:
  • The outer surface of ship's hull is very hard.船体的外表面非常坚硬。
  • The boat's hull has been staved in by the tremendous seas.小船壳让巨浪打穿了。
24 notations 36b4537b902365db6afac5ae2e6e132e     
记号,标记法( notation的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He was frowning and wishing he could decode the notations on the slips. 他皱着眉,挖空心思地想认出赌签上的记号。 来自教父部分
  • In section 2, we give some notations and some lemmas. 在本文第二部分,我们给出一些符号及引理。
25 density rOdzZ     
n.密集,密度,浓度
参考例句:
  • The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
  • The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。
26 outermost w4fzc     
adj.最外面的,远离中心的
参考例句:
  • He fired and hit the outermost ring of the target.他开枪射中了靶子的最外一环。
  • The outermost electron is shielded from the nucleus.原子核对最外层电子的作用受到屏蔽。
27 equilibrium jiazs     
n.平衡,均衡,相称,均势,平静
参考例句:
  • Change in the world around us disturbs our inner equilibrium.我们周围世界的变化扰乱了我们内心的平静。
  • This is best expressed in the form of an equilibrium constant.这最好用平衡常数的形式来表示。
28 scuttles d2f7f174111f6a2a18e086102af9d866     
n.天窗( scuttle的名词复数 )v.使船沉没( scuttle的第三人称单数 );快跑,急走
参考例句:
29 unlimited MKbzB     
adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的
参考例句:
  • They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
  • There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。
30 aged 6zWzdI     
adj.年老的,陈年的
参考例句:
  • He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了,也老点了。
  • He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老,然而记忆力还好。
31 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
参考例句:
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
32 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地,永久地,固定不变地
参考例句:
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
33 draughts 154c3dda2291d52a1622995b252b5ac8     
n. <英>国际跳棋
参考例句:
  • Seal (up) the window to prevent draughts. 把窗户封起来以防风。
  • I will play at draughts with him. 我跟他下一盘棋吧!
34 relaxation MVmxj     
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐
参考例句:
  • The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
35 indicators f46872fc1b5f08e9d32bd107be1df829     
(仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的)指针( indicator的名词复数 ); 指示物; (车辆上的)转弯指示灯; 指示信号
参考例句:
  • The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
  • It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。
36 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
37 affixed 0732dcfdc852b2620b9edaa452082857     
adj.[医]附着的,附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 );粘贴;加以;盖(印章)
参考例句:
  • The label should be firmly affixed to the package. 这张标签应该牢牢地贴在包裹上。
  • He affixed the sign to the wall. 他将标记贴到墙上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
38 authorize CO1yV     
v.授权,委任;批准,认可
参考例句:
  • He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
  • Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。
39 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
40 ramps c6ff377d97c426df68275cb16cf564ee     
resources allocation and multiproject scheduling 资源分配和多项目的行程安排
参考例句:
  • Ramps should be provided for wheelchair users. 应该给轮椅使用者提供坡道。
  • He has the upper floor and ramps are fitted everywhere for his convenience. 他住在上面一层,为了他的方便着想,到处设有坡道。
41 subdivide DtGwN     
vt.细分(细区分,再划分,重分,叠分,分小类)
参考例句:
  • You can use sales organizations to subdivide markets into regions.用销售组织将市场细分为区域。
  • The verbs were subdivided into transitive and intransitive categories.动词可细分为及物动词和不及物动词。
42 discretion FZQzm     
n.谨慎;随意处理
参考例句:
  • You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
  • Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。
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