中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定
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国务院令第68号
(Promulgated by Decree No. 68 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on December 5, 1990, and effective as of the date of promulgation1
时效性:已被修正  颁布日期:19901205  实施日期:19901205  失效日期:19980418  颁布单位:国务院

  Chapter I General Provisions

  Article 1 These Provisions are formulated3 in order to strengthen the administration of maritime4 international container transport, to clearly define the responsibilities of the various parties concerned, and to meet the State's needs in handling foreign trade.

  Article 2 These Provisions shall apply to those enterprises that are established within the territory of the People's Republic of China for the handling of maritime international container transport, and also to units and individuals that are involved in the operations of maritime international container transport.

  Article 3 The Ministry5 of Communications of the People's Republic of China shall be responsible for the administration of the operations of maritime international container transport throughout the country.

  Article 4 In conducting maritime international container transport, the principles of safety, accuracy, speed, economy, and civilized6 services must be followed and door-to-door transportation shall be actively7 developed.

  Chapter II Procedures for the Examination and Approval of Applications for the Establishment of Enterprises That Handle Maritime Inter- national Container Transport

  Article 5 “Enterprises for the operations of maritime international container transport” refers to those shipping8 enterprises that are engaged in maritime international container transport, and also to those enterprisesthat are engaged in port handling, with their inland transshipment stations and freight stations that undertake maritime international container transport.

  Article 6 The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in the operations of maritime international container transport shall be submitted to the competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous9 regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for examination and verification, and then to the Ministry of Communications for examination and approval.

  Article 7 The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in port handling of international containers shall be submitted to the competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomousregions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for examination and approval, and then to the Ministry of Communications for the record. After the promulgation of these Provisions, the applications for the establishment of new inland transshipment stations and freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall be submitted first to the competent department that has established the said enterprise for examination, verification, and consent; and then to the competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for examination and approval; and finally to the Ministry of Communications for the record. The procedures for the examination and approval of the applications for the establishment of new transshipment stations and freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of Communications in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade.

  Article 8 The applications for the establishment of Chinese-foreign equity10 joint11 ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures that handle maritime international container transport shall be submitted to the Ministry of Communications for examination, verification, and consent; and shall then, in accordance with the provisions of the pertinent12 laws and regulations, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade for examination and approval.

  Article 9 The establishment of enterprises that are engaged in the operations Of maritime international container transport must satisfy the Following conditions:

  (1) to have transport vessels14, transport motor vehicles, transport equipment and other relevant facilities that correspond to their scope of business and to the needs of their customers;

  (2) to have the necessary organizational structure, site for setting up theirbusiness office, and specialized15 administrative16 personnel;

  (3) to have the registered capital and their own working capital that meets the requirements of their business operations;

  (4) to meet other conditions as stipulated17 by State laws, decrees and regulations governing the establishment of enterprises.

  Article 10 The competent department for communications shall examine, verify And approve the scope of business operations of the enterprises that have applied18 for the permission to handle maritime international container transport in light of their sources of funds, the conditions of equipment and facilities, the standard of administration, and the sources of cargoes20.

  Article 11 The competent department of communications shall issue the approving documents to those enterprises, which have obtained the approval to handle maritime international container transport. The units that have received the approving documents shall apply and go through the registration21 procedures by presenting the aforesaid approving documents to the administrative department for industry and commerce, which shall issue the business licences after checking and approving the enterprises' application: and only then shall the enterprises be permitted to start business operations. Cases concerning the establishment of inland transshipment stations and freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall also be submitted to the Customs for the completion of the registration procedures.

  Chapter III Management of Freight Transportation

  Article 12 The containers used in maritime international container transport shall conform to the provisions and technical standards of the international organization for the standardization22 of containers, and also to the provisions of the pertinent international containers convention. The owners and operators of containers shall do a good job in the management and maintenance of containers and carry out regular inspections24, in order to guarantee the provision of containers that are suitable for the transportation of cargoes. In case that the provisions in the second paragraph of this Article have been violated, and, as a result, goods are damaged or short in number or quantity, the person(s)who is (are) held responsible for this shall bear the liability for compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.

  Article 13 Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall guarantee that the vessels, motor vehicles, handling machinery25 and tools are kept in a good technical condition, thereby26 ensuring the transportation and safety of containers. In case that shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling have violated the provisions in the first paragraph of this Article, and, as a result, goods are damaged or short in number or quantity, they shall bear the liability for compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.

  Article 14 Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling shall use the container shipping documents.

  Article 15 Shippers may directly organize the contracting of the transportation Of container goods, and consignors may directly hold business talks with shippers or commission shipping agents for the consignment27 of import and export container goods.

  Article 16 Consignors shall submit an accurate report on the names of goods, And their property, quantity, weight, and specifications28. The goods shipped By consignment in containers must conform to the requirements of container transport, and marks on the goods should be obvious and clear.

  Article 17 Consignors or shippers shall, before vanning, carry out a careful inspection23 of containers, and containers that might cause an adverse29 effect on to the transportation and vanning of goods may not be used.

  Article 18 Containers which are used for shipping such perishables30 as grains, edible31 oils, and frozen food, shall be inspected by the department for commodity inspection and found to be up to the standard before they are used for shipping.

  Article 19 As soon as container goods have reached their destination, the shipper shall promptly32 send a cargo19 delivery notice to the consignee33; and the consignee shall, upon receiving the notice, take delivery of goods on the strength of the bill of lading. In case that the consignee fails to clear the goods when the prescribed time limit is overdue34, or that the consignee fails to return the containers according to the prescribed time limit, the said consignee shall be required to pay, in accordance with the pertinent stipulations or with the agreement set forth35 in the contract, the demurrage36 charge for the extended use of containers.

  Article 20 The freight charges for maritime international container transport and other expenses shall be calculated and collected in accordance with the State provisions concerning shipping charges and charge rates. In the absence of State provisions, the freight charges shall be calculated and collected in accordance with the prices agreed upon by both parties. No units shall be permitted to collect charges at random37.

  Article 21 Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall submit periodical statistical38 statements on transportation to the competent department for communications.

  Article 22 Various parties that are involved in maritime international container transport shall, in good time, provide each other with information concerning container transport.

  Chapter IV Hand-Over Procedures and Responsibilities

  Article 23 Shippers and consignors or consignees shall, in accordance with the hand-over method stipulated in the bill of lading, handle the hand-over operations of containers and container goods at marshalling yards, freight stations, or other places agreed upon by the two parties concerned.

  Article 24 Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, which take part in maritime international container transport, shall handle the hand-over operations in accordance with the following provisions:

  (1) maritime shippers shall handle the hand-over operations along side vessel13 through the tally39 companies and enterprises that are engaged in port handling;

  (2) with respect to containers transported by waterways through nodal points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and waterway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside vessel;

  (3) with respect to containers transported by highways through nodal points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and highway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations at the gate of the container terminal;

  (4) with respect to containers transported by railway through nodal points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling or highway carriers and railway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations at the site of handling.

  Article 25 While handling the hand-over operations of containers, the two Handling parties shall check the container numbers, the bodies of containers and the containers' marking seals. The loaded containers shall be handed over by their marking seals and by the condition of container body: and the empty containers shall be handed over by condition of container body. After checking the container numbers, the bodies of containers and the marking seals, the two handling parties shall make a record and confirm it by appending their signatures to the record.

  Article 26 With respect to the liabilities of shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling for the damage and loss of containers and container goods, before the hand-over operations, the liabilities shall betaken up by the handing-over party; after the hand-over operations, the liabilities shall be taken up by the receiving party. However, if, within 180 days immediately after the hand-over operations, the receiving party is able to produce evidence to testify to the fact that the damage of the containers, or the damage and loss of container goods, were caused by the handing-over party, then the handing-over party shall take up the liabilities for compensation, unless otherwise provided by law.

  Article 27 Unless otherwise provided by law, shippers and consignors shall, in accordance with the following provisions, take up the liabilities for the damage or loss of container goods:

  (1) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the shippers, if the goods in the containers are damaged or are short in number or quantity during the period of time from the day the shippers receive the goods to the day when the goods reach their destination but before they are handed over to the consignees, the shippers shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage.

  (2) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the consignors, if the container bodies and the marking seals have remained intact but the goods (in the containers) have been damaged or are short in number or quantity during the period of time from the completion of the vanning and the completion of the procedures for consignment to the day before the containers are handed over to the consignees, the consignors shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage; if the container bodies are damaged or the marking seals broken, and the goods in the containers are also damaged or are short in number or quantity, the shippers shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage. The time limits for shippers and consignors or consignees to raise claims for compensation shall be limited to no more than 180 days, beginning from the day when container goods are handed over, unless otherwise provided bylaw.

  Article 28 In case that the consignors' inaccurate40 or false declaration on container goods has resulted in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of means of transport of the goods proper and the containers, or of other goods, the consignors shall bear the liabilities for the consequences arising there from.

  Article 29 In case that the fault of the person in charge of the vanning has Resulted in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of means of transport, of other goods, or containers, the aforesaid person shall bear the liabilities for the consequences arising there from.

  Article 30 In case that the damage or shortage in number or quantity of Container goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which necessitates41 an appraisal42 and the issue of the relevant certificate by the administrative department for commodity inspection, the case shall be handled in accordance with the provisions in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities. Incase that the shortage in number or quantity of containers or container goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which necessitates the issue of the relevant certificate by the tally department, the case shall be handled in accordance with the pertinent provisions.

  Chapter V Provisions on Penalties

  Article 31 With respect to those who are engaged in container transport Business without a business licence for handling transport business, the Competent department for communications shall order them to cease business operations, and penalties shall be imposed on them by the administrative department for industry and commerce.

  Article 32 With respect to those who have received shipping charges in violation43 of these Provisions and the relevant laws and regulations of the State on commodity prices, they shall be penalized44 by the department for the control of commodity prices.

  Article 33 With respect to those who have violated the administration of Transport documents, they shall be given an administrative warning or a Pecuniary45 penalty by the competent department for communications in light of the seriousness of the cases.

  Article 34 With respect to those who have disturbed the normal order of transportation or have expanded their scope of business without authorization46, they shall be ordered by the competent department for communications to carry out rectification47 of their business, and shall be penalized by the administrative department for industry and commerce.

  Article 35 In the event that the person concerned does not accept the decision on penalties, he/she may, within 15 days as of the first day after the receipt of the notice of the decision on penalties, appeal to the competent department immediately above the punishing department for reconsideration of the aforesaid decision on penalties. The competent department that has received the appeal for reconsideration shall, within 30 days (after receiving the appeal), make the decision on reconsideration. If the person concerned still does not accept the decision of the reconsideration, he/she may, within 15 days immediately after receiving the decision on reconsideration, bring a suit before a people's court. If the person concerned neither appeal for reconsideration, nor bring a suit before the people's court, nor execute the decision on penalties or the decision of the reconsideration within the prescribed period of time, the department that has made the decision on penalties may apply to the people's court for enforcement.

  Chapter VI Supplementary48 Provisions

  Article 36 The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of Communications. The Ministry of Communications may formulate2 the rules for implementation49 in accordance with these Provisions.

  Article 37 These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 promulgation d84236859225737e91fa286907f9879f     
n.颁布
参考例句:
  • The new law comes into force from the day of its promulgation. 新法律自公布之日起生效。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Article 118 These Regulations shall come into effect from the day of their promulgation. 第一百一十八条本条例自公布之日起实施。 来自经济法规部分
2 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
3 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
4 maritime 62yyA     
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
参考例句:
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
5 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部;牧师
参考例句:
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
6 civilized UwRzDg     
a.有教养的,文雅的
参考例句:
  • Racism is abhorrent to a civilized society. 文明社会憎恶种族主义。
  • rising crime in our so-called civilized societies 在我们所谓文明社会中日益增多的犯罪行为
7 actively lzezni     
adv.积极地,勤奋地
参考例句:
  • During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
  • We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。
8 shipping WESyg     
n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
参考例句:
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
9 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
10 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
11 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
12 pertinent 53ozF     
adj.恰当的;贴切的;中肯的;有关的;相干的
参考例句:
  • The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
  • These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。
13 vessel 4L1zi     
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管
参考例句:
  • The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
  • You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。
14 vessels fc9307c2593b522954eadb3ee6c57480     
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人
参考例句:
  • The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
15 specialized Chuzwe     
adj.专门的,专业化的
参考例句:
  • There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
  • These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
16 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
17 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
18 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
19 cargo 6TcyG     
n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物
参考例句:
  • The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
  • A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。
20 cargoes 49e446283c0d32352a986fd82a7e13c4     
n.(船或飞机装载的)货物( cargo的名词复数 );大量,重负
参考例句:
  • This ship embarked cargoes. 这艘船装载货物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The crew lashed cargoes of timber down. 全体船员将木材绑牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
21 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
22 standardization nuPwl     
n.标准化
参考例句:
  • Standardization of counseling techniques is obviously impossible. 很清楚,要想使研讨方法标准化是不可能的。
  • In Britain, progress towards standardization was much slower. 在英国,向标准化进展要迟缓得多。
23 inspection y6TxG     
n.检查,审查,检阅
参考例句:
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
  • The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。
24 inspections c445f9a2296d8835cd7d4a2da50fc5ca     
n.检查( inspection的名词复数 );检验;视察;检阅
参考例句:
  • Regular inspections are carried out at the prison. 经常有人来视察这座监狱。
  • Government inspections ensure a high degree of uniformity in the standard of service. 政府检查确保了在服务标准方面的高度一致。 来自《简明英汉词典》
25 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
26 thereby Sokwv     
adv.因此,从而
参考例句:
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
27 consignment 9aDyo     
n.寄售;发货;委托;交运货物
参考例句:
  • This last consignment of hosiery is quite up to standard.这批新到的针织品完全符合规格。
  • We have to ask you to dispatch the consignment immediately.我们得要求你立即发送该批货物。
28 specifications f3453ce44685398a83b7fe3902d2b90c     
n.规格;载明;详述;(产品等的)说明书;说明书( specification的名词复数 );详细的计划书;载明;详述
参考例句:
  • Our work must answer the specifications laid down. 我们的工作应符合所定的规范。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This sketch does not conform with the specifications. 图文不符。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
29 adverse 5xBzs     
adj.不利的;有害的;敌对的,不友好的
参考例句:
  • He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
  • The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
30 perishables 1c290ebc092e2c840562178731cb52e8     
n.容易腐坏的东西(尤指食品)( perishable的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Perishables are stacked on deck under cover, awaiting rigid inspection before they are struck below. 易腐物品已经覆盖起来堆放在甲板上,等经过严格的检查后再搬下船舱。 来自辞典例句
  • Sorry, these perishables are not allowed to bring in. 对不起,这些易腐烂的东西是不允许入境的。 来自互联网
31 edible Uqdxx     
n.食品,食物;adj.可食用的
参考例句:
  • Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
  • This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得,那种吃不得。
32 promptly LRMxm     
adv.及时地,敏捷地
参考例句:
  • He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
  • She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。
33 consignee Mawyp     
n.受托者,收件人,代销人;承销人;收货人
参考例句:
  • The consignee is decided according to the order of the shipper or the opening bank. 收货人是由托运人或开证行的指令决定。 来自辞典例句
  • For Freight Collect shipments, the charge will be billed to the consignee. 若采取收件人付费方式,则费用由收件人支付。 来自互联网
34 overdue MJYxY     
adj.过期的,到期未付的;早该有的,迟到的
参考例句:
  • The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.飞机晚点了,被坏天气耽搁了。
  • The landlady is angry because the rent is overdue.女房东生气了,因为房租过期未付。
35 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
36 demurrage kunzs5     
n.滞期费,逾期费
参考例句:
  • Chatterer must be responsible for demurrage.租船人必须对滞期负责。
  • The bill is inclusive of the cost of demurrage.账单包括停滞期费用。
37 random HT9xd     
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
参考例句:
  • The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
38 statistical bu3wa     
adj.统计的,统计学的
参考例句:
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
39 tally Gg1yq     
n.计数器,记分,一致,测量;vt.计算,记录,使一致;vi.计算,记分,一致
参考例句:
  • Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
  • The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。
40 inaccurate D9qx7     
adj.错误的,不正确的,不准确的
参考例句:
  • The book is both inaccurate and exaggerated.这本书不但不准确,而且夸大其词。
  • She never knows the right time because her watch is inaccurate.她从来不知道准确的时间因为她的表不准。
41 necessitates 4a421c24d0717e67b81bbcf227596ade     
使…成为必要,需要( necessitate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The increase in population necessitates a greater food supply. 人口的增加需要更多食物供应。
  • Your proposal necessitates borrowing money. 你的提议使借款成为必要。
42 appraisal hvFzt     
n.对…作出的评价;评价,鉴定,评估
参考例句:
  • What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的?
  • We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。
43 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
44 penalized c88c37e7a177d0a347c36794aa587e91     
对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 ); 使处于不利地位
参考例句:
  • You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。
  • Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。
45 pecuniary Vixyo     
adj.金钱的;金钱上的
参考例句:
  • She denies obtaining a pecuniary advantage by deception.她否认通过欺骗手段获得经济利益。
  • She is so independent that she refused all pecuniary aid.她很独立,所以拒绝一切金钱上的资助。
46 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
47 rectification NUwx3     
n. 改正, 改订, 矫正
参考例句:
  • The process of producing a shift of the average value is called rectification. 产生平均值移动的过程叫做整流。
  • This effect, in analogy to its radiofrequency counterpart, is known as optical rectification. 同它的射频对应物相仿,这种现象称为光学整流。
48 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的,附加的
参考例句:
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了,我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
49 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
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