1974年国际海上人命安全公约1991年修正案
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颁布日期:19910523  实施日期:19910523

  [Adopted on 23 May 1991 by Resolution MSC. 22(59)]

  TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II-2 CONSTRUCTION-FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIREEXTINCT ION

  Amendment1 to Regulation 20 Fire control plans and fire drills

  Amendment to Regulation 21 Ready Availability of fire-extinguishingappliances

  Amendment to Regulation 28 Means of escape

  Amendment to Regulation 32 Ventilation systems

  Amendment to Regulation 36 Fixed2 fire detection and fire alarmsystems, automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems

  Amendment to Regulation 40 Fire patrols, detection, alarms and publicaddress systems CHAPTER III LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS

  Replacement3 of Regulation 18 Emergency training and drills CHAPTER V SAFETY OF NAVIGATION

  Replacement of Regulation 17 Pilot transfer arrangements CHAPTER VI CARRIAGE OF CARGOES5 (Replacement)

  PART A GENERAL PROVISIONS

  1 Application

  2 Cargo4 information

  3 Oxygen analysis and gas detection equipment

  4 The use of pesticides6 in ships

  5 Stowage and securing

  PART B SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR BULK CARGOES OTHER THAN GRAIN 6 Acceptability for shipment

  7 Stowage of bulk cargo

  PART C CARRIAGE OF GRAIN

  9 Requirements for cargo ships carrying grain CHAPTER VII CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS

  Amendment to Regulation 5 Documents

  Addition of new Regulation 7-1 Reporting of incidents involvingdangerousAMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA,1974[Adopted on 23 May 1991 by Resolution MSC. 22(59)]

  CHAPTER II-2 CONSTRUCTION-FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIREEXTINCTION

  Regulation 20 Fire Control Plans

  The existing heading is replaced by the following: “Fire control plansand fire drills”

  The following text is inserted after the heading: “(This Regulationapplies to all ships)”

  The following new paragraph 3 is added after paragraph 2:

  “3 Fire drills shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions ofRegulation III/18.”

  Regulation 21 Ready Availability of Fire-extinguishing Appliances

  The following text is added after the heading: “(This Regulationapplies to all ships)”

  The existing text of this Regulation is replaced by the following:

  “Fire-extinguishing appliances shall be kept in good order and beavailable for immediate8 use at all times”。

  Regulation 28 Means of escape

  The following text is inserted after the heading:

  “(Paragraph 1.8 of this Regulation applies to ships constructed on orafter 1 January 1994)”

  The following new subparagraph 1.8 is added after existingsubparagraph 1.7:

  “。8 Where public spaces span three or more decks and containcombustibles such as furniture and enclosed spaces such as shops, officesand restaurants, each level within the space shall have two means ofescape, one of which shall give direct access to an enclosed verticalmeans of escape meeting the requirements of paragraph 5”。

  Regulation 32 Ventilation systems

  The following text is inserted after the heading:

  “(Paragraph 1.7 of this Regulation applies to ships constructed on orafter 1 January 1994)”

  The following new paragraph 1.7 is inserted between existingparagraphs 1.6 and 2:

  “1.7 Where public spaces span three or more open decks and containcombustibles such as furniture and enclosed spaces such as shops, officesand restaurants, the space shall be equipped with a smoke extractionsystem. The smoke extraction system shall be activated10 by the requiredsmoke detection system and be capable of manual control. The fans shall besized such that the entire volume within the space can be exhausted11 in 10min or less.”

  Regulation 36 Fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems, auto-matic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems

  The following text is inserted after the heading:

  “(Paragraph 2 applies to ships constructed on or after 1 January1994)”

  The existing paragraph is numbered as paragraph 1, and the followingnew paragraph 2 is added after new paragraph 1:

  “2 Where public spaces span three or more open decks and containcombustibles such as furniture and enclosed spaces such as shops, officesand restaurants, the entire main vertical9 zone containing the space shallbe protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in compliancewith regulation 12.”

  Regulation 40 fire patrols, detection, alarms and public addresssystems

  The following text is inserted after the heading:

  “(Paragraph 7 applies to ships constructed on or after 1 January1994)”

  The following new paragraph 7 is added after existing paragraph 6:

  “7 Where public spaces span three or more open decks and containcombustibles such as furniture and enclosed spaces such as shops, officesand restaurants, the entire main vertical zone containing the space shallbe protected throughout with a smoke detection system complying withRegulation 13, with the exception of paragraph 1.9.”

  CHAPTER III LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS

  Regulation 18 Abandon ship training and drillsThe existing heading and text of this regulation are replaced by the fol-lowing: “Emergencytraining and drills”

  1 This Regulation applies to all ships.

  2 Manuals

  A training manual complying with the requirements of Regulation 51shall be provided in each crew messroom and recreation room or in eachcrew cabin.

  3 Practice musters14 and drills

  3.1 Each member of the crew shall participate in at least one abandonship drill and one fire drill every month. The drills of the crew shalltake place within 24 h of the ship leaving a port if more than 25% of thecrew have not participated in abandon ship and fire drills on board thatparticular ship in the previous month. The Administration may accept otherarrangements that are at least equivalent for those classes of ship forwhich this is impracticable.

  3.2 On a ship engaged on an international voyage which is not a shortinternational voyage, musters of the passengers shall take place within24 h after their embarkation16. Passengers shall be instructed in the use ofthe lifejackets and the action to take in an emergency. If only a smallnumber of passengers embark15 at a port after the muster13 has been held itshall be sufficient, instead of holding another muster, to draw theattention of these passengers to the emergency instructions required byRegulations 8.2 and 8.4.

  3.3 On a ship engaged on a short international voyage, if a muster ofthe passengers is not held on departure, the attention of the passengersshall be drawn17 to the emergency instructions required by Regulations 8.2and 8.4.

  3.4 Each abandon ship drill shall include:

  。1 summoning of passengers and crew to muster stations with thealarm required by Regulation 6.4.2 and ensuring that they are made awareof the order to abandon ship specified18 in the muster list;

  。2 reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described inthe muster list;

  。3 checking that passengers and crew are suitably dressed;

  。4 checking that lifejackets are correctly donned;

  。5 lowering of at least one lifeboat after any necessarypreparation for launching;

  。6 starting and operating the lifeboat engine;

  。7 operation of davits used for launching liferafts.

  3.5 Different lifeboats shall, as far as practicable, be lowered incompliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.4.5 at successive drills.

  3.6 Each lifeboat shall be launched with its assigned operating crewaboard and manoeuvred in the water at least once every 3 months during anabandon ship drill. The Administration may allow ships operating on shortinternational voyages not to launch the lifeboats on one side if theirberthing arrangements in port and their trading patterns do not permitlaunching of lifeboats on that side. However, all such lifeboats shall belowered at least once every 3 months and launched at least annually19.

  3.7 As far as is reasonable and practicable, rescue boats other thanlifeboats which are also rescue boats, shall be launched each month withtheir assigned crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water. In all cases thisrequirement shall be complied with at least once every 3 months.

  3.8 If lifeboat and rescue boat launching drills are carried out withthe ship mading headway, such drills shall, because of the dangersinvolved, be practised in sheltered waters only and under the supervisionof an officer experienced in such drills.

  3.9 Emergency lighting20 for mustering21 and abandonment shall be testedat each abandon ship drill.

  3.10 Each fire drill shall include:

  。1 reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described inthe muster list required by Regulation 8.3;

  。2 starting a fire pump using at least the two required jets ofwater to show that the system is in proper working order;

  。3 checking fireman's outfits22 and other personal rescue equipment;

  。4 checking the relevant communication equipment;

  。5 checking the operation of watertight doors, fire doors, andfire dampers;

  。6 checking the necessary arrangements for subsequent abandonmentof the ship.

  3.11 Fire drills should be planned in such a way that dueconsideration is given to regular practice in the various emergencies thatmay occur depending on the type of ship and its cargo.

  3.12 The equipment used during drills shall immediately be broughtback to its fully23 operational condition, and any faults and defectsdiscovered during the drills shall be remedied as soon as possible.

  3.13 Drills shall, as far as practicable, be conducted as if therewere an actual emergency.

  4 On-board training and instructions

  4.1 On-board training and instructions in the use of the ship'slife-saving appliances, including survival craft equipment, and in the useof the ship's fire-extinguishing appliances shall be given as soon aspossible but not later than 2 weeks after a crew member joins the ship.However, if the crew member is on a regularly scheduled rotatingassignment to the ship, such training shall be given not later than 2weeks after the time of first joining the ship. Individual instruction maycover different parts of the ship's life-saving and fire-extinguishingappliances, but all the ship's life-saving and fire-extinguishingappliances shall be covered within any period of 2 months.

  4.2 Each member of the crew shall be given instructions which shallinclude but not necessarily be limited to:

  。1 operation and use of the ship's inflatable liferafts;

  。2 problems of hypothermia, first-aid treatment of hypothermia andother appropriate first-aid procedures;

  。3 special instructions necessary for use of the ship'slife-saving appliances in severe weather and severe sea conditions;

  。4 operation and use of fire-extinguishing appliances.

  4.3 On-board training in the use of davit-launched liferafts shalltake place at intervals24 of not more than 4 months on every ship fittedwith such appliances. Whenever practicable this shall include theinflation and lowering of a liferaft. This liferaft may be a specialliferaft intended for training purposes only, which is not part of theship's life-saving equipment. Such a special liferaft shall beconspicuously marked.

  5 Records

  The date when musters are held, details of abandon ship drills andfire drills, drills of other life-saving appliances and on-board trainingshall be record in such log-book as may be prescribed by theAdministration. If a full muster, drill or training session is not held atthe appointed time, an entry shall be made in the log-book stating thecircumstances and the extent of the muster, drill or training sessionheld.“

  CHAPTER V SAFETY OF NAVIGATION

  Regulation 17 Pilot ladders and mechanical pilot hoists26

  The existingheading and text of this Regulation are replaced by the following: “Pilottransfer arrangements

  (a) Application

  (i) Ships engaged on voyages in the course of which pilots arelikely to be employed shall be provided with pilot transfer arrangements.

  (ii) Equipment and arrangements for pilot transfer which areinstalled on or after 1 January 1994 shall comply with the requirements ofthis Regulation and due regard shall be paid to the standards adopted bythe Organization.

  (iii) Equipment and arrangements for pilot transfer which areprovided on ships before 1 January 1994 shall at least comply with therequirements Regulation 17 in force prior to that date and due regardshall be paid to the standards adopted by the Organization prior to thatdate.

  (iv) Equipment and arrangements which are replaced after 1 January1994 shall, in so far as is reasonable and practicable, comply with therequirements of this Regulation.

  (b) General

  (i) All arrangements used for pilot transfer shall efficientlyfulfil their purpose of enabling pilots to embark and disembark safely.The appliances shall be kept clean, properly maintained and stowed andshall be regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe to use. Theyshall be used solely27 for the embarkation and disembarkation of personnel.

  (ii) The rigging of the pilot transfer arrangements and theembarkation and disembarkation of a pilot shall be supervised by aresponsible officer having means of communication with the navigatingbridge who shall also arrange for the escort of the pilot by a safe routeto and from the navigating28 bridge. Personnel engaged in rigging andoperating any mechanical equipment shall be instructed in the safeprocedures to be adopted and the equipment shall be tested prior to use.

  (c) Transfer arrangements

  (i) Arrangements shall be provided to enable the pilot to embarkand disembark safely on either side of the ship.

  (ii) In all ships where the distance from sea level to the pointof access to, or egress29 from, the ship exceeds 9 m, and when it isintended to embark and disembark pilots by means of the accommodationladder, or by means of mechanical pilot hoists or other equally safe andconvenient means in conjunction with a pilot ladder, the ship shall carrysuch equipment on each side, unless the equipment is capable of beingtransferred for use on either side.

  (iii) Safe and convenient access to, and egress from, the shipshall be provided by either:

  (1) a pilot ladder requiring a climb of not less than 1.5 mand not more than 9 m above the surface of the water so positioned andsecured that:

  (aa) it is clear of any possible discharges from the ship;

  (bb) it is within the parallel body length of the shipand, as far as is practicable, within the mid-ship half length of theship;

  (cc) each step rests firmly against the ship's side; whereconstructional features, such as rubbing bands, would prevent theimplementation of this provision, special arrangements shall, to thesatisfaction of the Administration, be made to ensure that persons areable to embark and disembark safely;

  (dd) the single length of pilot ladder is capable ofreaching the water from the point of access to, or egress from, the shipand due allowance is made for all conditions of loading and trim of theship, and for an adverse30 list of 15 °; the securing strongpoints,shackles and securing ropes shall be at least as strong as the side ropes;

  (2) an accommodation ladder in conjunction with the pilotladder, or other equally safe and convenient means, whenever the distancefrom the surface of the water to the point of access to the ship is morethan 9 m. The accommodation ladder shall be sited leading aft. When inuse, the lower end of the accommodation ladder shall rest firmly againstthe ship's side within the parallel body length of the ship and, as far asis practicable, within the mid-ship half length and clear of alldischarges; or

  (3) a mechanical pilot hoist25 so located that it is within theparallel body length of the ship and, as far as is practicable, within themid-ship half length of the ship and clear of all discharges.

  (d) Access to the ship's deck

  Means shall be provided to ensure safe, convenient and unobstructedpassage for any person embarking31 on, or disembarking from, the shipbetween the head of the pilot ladder, or of any accommodation ladder orother appliance, and the ship's deck. Where such passage is by means of:

  (i) a gateway32 in the rails or bulwark33, adequate handholds shall beprovided;

  (ii) a bulwark ladder, two handhold stanchions rigidly34 secured tothe ship's structure at or near their bases and at higher points shall befitted. The bulwark ladder shall be securely attached to the ship toprevent overturning.

  (e) Shipside doors

  Shipside doors used for pilot transfer shall not open outwards35.

  (f) Mechanical pilot hoists

  (i) The mechanical pilot hoist and its ancillary36 equipment shallbe of a type approved by the Administration. The pilot hoist shall bedesigned to operate as a moving ladder to lift and lower one person on theside of the ship, or as a platform to life and lower one or more personson the side of the ship. It shall be of such design and construction as toensure that the pilot can be embarked37 and disembarked in a safe manner,including a safe access from the hoist to the deck and vice38 versa. Suchaccess shall be gained directly by a platform securely guarded byhandrails.

  (ii) Efficient hand gear shall be provided to lower or recover theperson or persons carried, and kept ready for use in the event of powerfailure.

  (iii) The hoist shall be securely attached to the structure of theship. Attachment39 shall not be solely by means of the ship's side rails.Proper and strong attachment points shall be provided for hoists of theportable type on each side of the ship.

  (iv) If belting is fitted in the way of the hoist position, suchbelting shall be cut back sufficiently40 to allow the hoist to operateagainst the ship's side.

  (v) A pilot ladder shall be rigged adjacent to the hoist andavailable for immediate use so that access to it is available from thehoist at any point of its travel. The pilot ladder shall be capable ofreaching the sea level from its own point of access to the ship.

  (vi) The position on the ship's side where the hoist will belowered shall be indicated.

  (vii) An adequate protected stowage position shall be provided forthe portable hoist. In very cold weather, to avoid the danger of iceformation, the portable hoist shall not be rigged until its use isimminent.

  (g) Associated equipment

  (i) The following associated equipment shall be kept at hand readyfor immediate use when persons are being transferred:

  (1) two man-ropes of not less than 28 mm in diameter properlysecured to the ship if required by the pilot;

  (2) a lifebuoy equipped with a self-igniting light;

  (3) a heaving line.

  (ii) when required by paragraph (d), stanchions and bulwarkladders shall be provided.

  (h) Lighting

  Adequate lighting shall be provided to illuminate42 the transferarrangements overside, the position on deck where a person embarks43 ordisembarks and the controls of the mechanical pilot hoist.“

  CHAPTER VI CARRIAGE OF CARGOESThe title and text of Chapter VI are replaced by the following: “CARRIAGEOF CARGOES”。

  PART A GENERAL PROVISIONS

  Regulation 1 Application

  1 This Chapter applies to the carriage of cargoes (except liquids inbulk, gases in bulk and those aspects of carriage covered by otherChapters) which, owing to their particular hazards to ships or persons onboard, may require special precautions in all ships to which the presentRegulations apply and in cargo ships of less than 500 tons gross tonnage.However, for cargo ships of less than 500 tons gross tonnage, theAdministration, if it considers that the sheltered nature and conditionsof voyage are such as to render the application of any specificrequirements of part A or B of this Chapter unreasonable44 or unnecessary,may take other effective measures to ensure the required safety for theseships.

  2 To supplement the provisions of parts A and B of this Chapter, eachContracting Government shall ensure that appropriate information on cargoand its stowage and securing is provided, specifying45, in particular,precautions necessary for the safe carriage of such cargoes.

  Regulation 2 Cargo information

  1 The shipper shall provide the master or his representative withappropriate information on the cargo sufficiently in advance of loading toenable the precautions which may be necessary for proper stowage and safecarriage of the cargo to be put into effect. Such information shall beconfirmed in writing and by appropriate shipping46 documents prior toloading the cargo on the ship.

  2 The cargo information shall include:

  。1 in the case of general cargo, and of cargo carried in cargounits, a general description of the cargo, the gross mass of the cargo orof the cargo units, and any relevant special properties of the cargo;

  。2 in the case of a bulk cargo, information on the stowage factorof the cargo, the trimming procedures and, in the case of a concentrate orother cargo which may liquefy, additional information in the form of acertificate on the moisture content of the cargo and its transportablemoisture limit;

  。3 in the case of a bulk cargo not classified in accordance withthe provisions of Regulation VII/2, but which has chemical properties thatmay create a potential hazard, in addition to the information required bythe preceding subparagraphs, information on its chemical properties.

  3 Prior to loading cargo units on board ships, the shipper shallensure that the gross mass of such units is in accordance with the grossmass declared on the shipping documents.

  Regulation 3 Oxygen analysis and gas detection equipment

  1 When transporting a bulk cargo which is liable to emit a toxic47 orflammable gas, or cause oxygen depletion48 in the cargo space, anappropriate instrument for measuring the concentration of gas or oxygen inthe air shall be provided together with detailed49 instructions for its use.Such an instrument shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

  2 The Administration shall take steps to ensure that crews of shipsare trained in the use of such instruments.

  Regulation 4 The use of pesticides in ships

  Appropriate precautions shall be taken in the use of pesticides inships, in particular for the purposes of fumigation50.

  Regulation 5 Stowage and securing

  1 Cargo and cargo units carried on or under deck shall be so loaded,stowed and secured as to prevent as far as is practicable, throughout thevoyage, damage or hazard to the ship and the persons on board, and loss ofcargo overboard.

  2 Cargo carried in a cargo unit shall be so packed and secured withinthe unit as to prevent, throughout the voyage, damage or hazard to theship and the persons on board.

  3 Appropriate precautions shall be taken during loading and transportof heavy cargoes or cargoes with abnormal physical dimensions to ensurethat no structural51 damage to the ship occurs and to maintain adequatestability throughout the voyage.

  4 Appropriate precautions shall be taken during loading and transportof cargo units on board ro-ro ships, especially with regard to thesecuring arrangements on board such ships and on the cargo units and withregard to the strength of the securing points and lashings.

  5 Containers shall not be loaded to more than the maximum gross weightindicated on the Safety Approval Plate under the International Conventionfor Safe Containers (CSC)。

  PART B SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR BULK CARGOES OTHER THAN GRAIN

  Regulation 6 Acceptability for shipment

  1 Prior to loading a bulk cargo, the master shall be in possession ofcomprehensive information on the ship's stability and on the distributionof cargo for the standard loading conditions. The method of providing suchinformation shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

  2 Concentrates or other cargoes which may liquefy shall only beaccepted for loading when the actual moisture content of the cargo is lessthan its transportable moisture limit. However, such concentrates andother cargoes may be accepted for loading even when their moisture contentexceeds the above limit, provided that safety arrangements to thesatisfaction of the Administration are made to ensure adequate stabilityin the case of cargo shifting and further provided that the ship hasadequate structural integrity.

  3 Prior to loading a bulk cargo which is not a cargo classified inaccordance with the provisions of Regulation VII/2 but which has chemicalproperties that may create a potential hazard, special precautions forits safe carriage shall be taken.

  Regulation 7 Stowage of bulk cargo

  1 Bulk cargoes shall be loaded and trimmed reasonably level, asnecessary, to the boundaries of the cargo space so as to minimize the riskof shifting and to ensure that adequate stability will be maintainedthroughout the voyage.

  2 When bulk cargoes are carried in 'tween-decks, the hatchways of such'tween-decks shall be closed in those cases where the loading informationindicates an unacceptable level of stress of the bottom structure if thehatchways are left open. The cargo shall be trimmed reasonably level andshall either extend from side to side or be secured by additionallongitudinal divisions of sufficient strength. The safe load-carryingcapacity of the 'tween-decks shall be observed to ensure that thedeck-structure is not overloaded52. PART C CARRIAGE OF GRAIN

  Regulation 8 Definitions

  For the purposes of this part, unless expressly provided otherwise:

  1 “International Grain Code” means the International Code for the SafeCarriage of Grain in Bulk adopted by the Maritime53 Safety Committee of theOrganization by resolution MSC. 23 (59) as may be amended54 by theOrganization, provided that such amendments7 are adopted, brought intoforce and take effect in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII ofthe present Convention concerning the amendment procedures applicable tothe Annex55 other than Chapter I.

  2 The term “grain” includes wheat, maize56 (corn), oats, rye, barley,rice, pulses, seeds and processed forms thereof whose behaviour is similarto that of grain in its natural state.

  Regulation 9 Requirements for cargo ships carrying grain

  1 In addition to any other applicable requirements of the presentRegulations, a cargo ship carrying grain shall comply with therequirements of the International Grain Code, and hold a document ofauthorization as required by that Code. For the purpose of thisRegulation, the requirements of the Code shall be treated as mandatory57.

  2 A ship without such a document shall not load grain until the mastersatisfies the Administration, or the Contracting Government of the portof loading on behalf of the Administration, that the ship will complywith the requirements of the International Grain Code in its proposedloaded condition.“

  CHAPTER VII CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS

  Regulation 5 Documents

  The existing text of paragraph 3 of this Regulation is replaced by thefollowing paragraphs 3, 4, and 5:

  “3 The persons responsible for the packing of dangerous goods in afreight container or road vehicle shall provide a signed container packingcertificate or vehicle packing declaration stating that the cargo in theunit has been properly packed and secured and that all applicabletransport requirements have been met. Such a certificate or declarationmay be combined with the document referred to in paragraph 2.

  4 Where there is due cause to suspect that a freight container or roadvehicle in which dangerous goods are packed is not in compliance12 with therequirements of paragraph 2 or 3, or where a container packing certificateor vehicle packing declaration is not available, the freight container orvehicle shall not be accepted for shipment.

  5 Each ship carrying dangerous goods shall have a special list ormanifest setting forth41, in accordance with the classification set out inRegulation 2, the dangerous goods on board and the location thereof. Adetailed stowage plan, which identifies by class and sets out the locationof all dangerous goods on board, may be used in place of such a speciallist or manifest. A copy of one of these documents shall be made availablebefore departure to the person or organization designated by the portState authority.“

  The following new Regulation 7-1 is inserted after Regulation 7:“Regulation 7-1 Reporting of incidents involving dangerous goods

  1 When an incident takes place involving the loss or likely lossoverboard of packaged dangerous goods into the sea, the master, or otherperson having charge of the ship, shall report the particulars of such anincident without delay and to the fullest extent possible to the nearestcoastal State. The report shall be based on the guidelines and generalprinciples adopted by the Organization.

  2 In the event of the ship referred to in paragraph 1 being abandoned,or in the event of a report from such a ship being incomplete orunobtainable, the owner, charterer, manager or operator of the ship, ortheir agents shall, to the fullest extent possible, assume the obligationsplaced upon the master by this Regulation.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正,修正,改善,修正案
参考例句:
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
2 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
3 replacement UVxxM     
n.取代,替换,交换;替代品,代用品
参考例句:
  • We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
  • They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。
4 cargo 6TcyG     
n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物
参考例句:
  • The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
  • A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。
5 cargoes 49e446283c0d32352a986fd82a7e13c4     
n.(船或飞机装载的)货物( cargo的名词复数 );大量,重负
参考例句:
  • This ship embarked cargoes. 这艘船装载货物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The crew lashed cargoes of timber down. 全体船员将木材绑牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 pesticides abb0488ed6905584ea91347395a890e8     
n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 );除害药物
参考例句:
  • vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
  • There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 amendments 39576081718792f25ceae20f3bb99b43     
(法律、文件的)改动( amendment的名词复数 ); 修正案; 修改; (美国宪法的)修正案
参考例句:
  • The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
  • Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。
8 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
9 vertical ZiywU     
adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
参考例句:
  • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
  • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
10 activated c3905c37f4127686d512a7665206852e     
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。
11 exhausted 7taz4r     
adj.极其疲惫的,精疲力尽的
参考例句:
  • It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长,到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
  • Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。
12 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
13 muster i6czT     
v.集合,收集,鼓起,激起;n.集合,检阅,集合人员,点名册
参考例句:
  • Go and muster all the men you can find.去集合所有你能找到的人。
  • I had to muster my courage up to ask him that question.我必须鼓起勇气向他问那个问题。
14 musters ea8bebd1209e45f9a70f80f10bb8f7f5     
v.集合,召集,集结(尤指部队)( muster的第三人称单数 );(自他人处)搜集某事物;聚集;激发
参考例句:
  • The garrison musters eighty men. 驻军共有八十名。 来自辞典例句
  • Musters were being taken through England in view of wars with Scotland and France. 一群群队伍在带领下正穿过英格兰,期待与苏格兰和法兰西开战。 来自互联网
15 embark qZKzC     
vi.乘船,着手,从事,上飞机
参考例句:
  • He is about to embark on a new business venture.他就要开始新的商业冒险活动。
  • Many people embark for Europe at New York harbor.许多人在纽约港乘船去欧洲。
16 embarkation embarkation     
n. 乘船, 搭机, 开船
参考例句:
  • Lisbon became the great embarkation point. 里斯本成了最理想的跳板。 来自英语连读(第二部分)
  • Good, go aboard please, be about very quickly embarkation. 好了,请上船吧,很快就要开船了。
17 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
18 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
19 annually VzYzNO     
adv.一年一次,每年
参考例句:
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。
20 lighting CpszPL     
n.照明,光线的明暗,舞台灯光
参考例句:
  • The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
  • The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。
21 mustering 11ce2aac4c4c9f35c5c18580696f5c39     
v.集合,召集,集结(尤指部队)( muster的现在分词 );(自他人处)搜集某事物;聚集;激发
参考例句:
  • He paused again, mustering his strength and thoughts. 他又停下来,集中力量,聚精会神。 来自辞典例句
  • The LORD Almighty is mustering an army for war. 这是万军之耶和华点齐军队,预备打仗。 来自互联网
22 outfits ed01b85fb10ede2eb7d337e0ea2d0bb3     
n.全套装备( outfit的名词复数 );一套服装;集体;组织v.装备,配置设备,供给服装( outfit的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He jobbed out the contract to a number of small outfits. 他把承包工程分包给许多小单位。 来自辞典例句
  • Some cyclists carry repair outfits because they may have a puncture. 有些骑自行车的人带修理工具,因为他们车胎可能小孔。 来自辞典例句
23 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
24 intervals f46c9d8b430e8c86dea610ec56b7cbef     
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
参考例句:
  • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
25 hoist rdizD     
n.升高,起重机,推动;v.升起,升高,举起
参考例句:
  • By using a hoist the movers were able to sling the piano to the third floor.搬运工人用吊车才把钢琴吊到3楼。
  • Hoist the Chinese flag on the flagpole,please!请在旗杆上升起中国国旗!
26 hoists eb06914c09f60e5d4a3d4bf9750ccb64     
把…吊起,升起( hoist的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Mine hoists are usually operated by the counterbalance of an ascending and a descending car. 矿井升降机通常用一个升车一个落车互相平衡的方法进行操作。
  • Sam understands tacitly. He hoists his cup saying. 山姆心领神会,举起酒杯。
27 solely FwGwe     
adv.仅仅,唯一地
参考例句:
  • Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
  • The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。
28 navigating 7b03ffaa93948a9ae00f8802b1000da5     
v.给(船舶、飞机等)引航,导航( navigate的现在分词 );(从海上、空中等)横越;横渡;飞跃
参考例句:
  • These can also be very useful when navigating time-based documents, such as video and audio. 它对于和时间有关的文档非常有用,比如视频和音频文档。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
  • Vehicles slowed to a crawl on city roads, navigating slushy snow. 汽车在市区路上行驶缓慢,穿越泥泞的雪地。 来自互联网
29 egress 2qoxd     
n.出去;出口
参考例句:
  • Safe access and egress can be achieved by various methods.可以采用各种方法安全的进入或离开。
  • Drains achieve a ready egress of the liquid blood.引流能为血液提供一个容易的出口。
30 adverse 5xBzs     
adj.不利的;有害的;敌对的,不友好的
参考例句:
  • He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
  • The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
31 embarking 7f8892f8b0a1076133045fdfbf3b8512     
乘船( embark的现在分词 ); 装载; 从事
参考例句:
  • He's embarking on a new career as a writer. 他即将开始新的职业生涯——当一名作家。
  • The campaign on which were embarking was backed up by such intricate and detailed maintenance arrangemets. 我们实施的战争,须要如此复杂及详细的维护准备。
32 gateway GhFxY     
n.大门口,出入口,途径,方法
参考例句:
  • Hard work is the gateway to success.努力工作是通往成功之路。
  • A man collected tolls at the gateway.一个人在大门口收通行费。
33 bulwark qstzb     
n.堡垒,保障,防御
参考例句:
  • That country is a bulwark of freedom.那个国家是自由的堡垒。
  • Law and morality are the bulwark of society.法律和道德是社会的防御工具。
34 rigidly hjezpo     
adv.刻板地,僵化地
参考例句:
  • Life today is rigidly compartmentalized into work and leisure. 当今的生活被严格划分为工作和休闲两部分。
  • The curriculum is rigidly prescribed from an early age. 自儿童时起即已开始有严格的课程设置。
35 outwards NJuxN     
adj.外面的,公开的,向外的;adv.向外;n.外形
参考例句:
  • Does this door open inwards or outwards?这门朝里开还是朝外开?
  • In lapping up a fur,they always put the inner side outwards.卷毛皮时,他们总是让内层朝外。
36 ancillary EwCzg     
adj.附属的,从属的
参考例句:
  • The transport corps is ancillary to the infantry.运输队是步兵的辅助部队。
  • This is just an ancillary business.这仅仅是一项辅助业务。
37 embarked e63154942be4f2a5c3c51f6b865db3de     
乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 ); 装载; 从事
参考例句:
  • We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
  • She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。
38 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
39 attachment POpy1     
n.附属物,附件;依恋;依附
参考例句:
  • She has a great attachment to her sister.她十分依恋她的姐姐。
  • She's on attachment to the Ministry of Defense.她现在隶属于国防部。
40 sufficiently 0htzMB     
adv.足够地,充分地
参考例句:
  • It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
  • The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
41 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
42 illuminate zcSz4     
vt.照亮,照明;用灯光装饰;说明,阐释
参考例句:
  • Dreams kindle a flame to illuminate our dark roads.梦想点燃火炬照亮我们黑暗的道路。
  • They use games and drawings to illuminate their subject.他们用游戏和图画来阐明他们的主题。
43 embarks 4bfe4112ab4d9f19114755c302641d3c     
乘船( embark的第三人称单数 ); 装载; 从事
参考例句:
  • Patricia is a free-spirited girl who embarks on an erotic odyssey. 翠茜亚是个任性少女、毅然踏上一次性爱之旅。
  • Passenger train driver: Punctually embarks. 客车司机:准时出发。
44 unreasonable tjLwm     
adj.不讲道理的,不合情理的,过度的
参考例句:
  • I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。
  • They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。
45 specifying ca4cf95d0de82d4463dfea22d3f8c836     
v.指定( specify的现在分词 );详述;提出…的条件;使具有特性
参考例句:
  • When we describe what the action will affect, we are specifying the noun of the sentence. 当描述动作会影响到什么时,我们指定组成句子的名词。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
  • Procurement section only lists opportunistic infection drugs without specifying which drugs. 采购部分只说明有治疗机会性感染的药物,但并没有说明是什么药物。 来自互联网
46 shipping WESyg     
n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
参考例句:
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
47 toxic inSwc     
adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
参考例句:
  • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
  • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
48 depletion qmcz2     
n.耗尽,枯竭
参考例句:
  • Increased consumption of water has led to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.用水量的增加导致了地下水贮备迅速枯竭。
  • Farmers should rotate crops every season to prevent depletion of the soil.农夫每季应该要轮耕,以免耗尽土壤。
49 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
50 fumigation 58dc25d0eb35407a159f94b5087167be     
n.烟熏,熏蒸;忿恨
参考例句:
  • We think that the fumigation can be done in a large, round metal container. 我们觉得熏蒸过程可以在一个大圆金属容器内进行。 来自辞典例句
  • In the northern states fumigation is needed only after insect outbreaks occur. 在北部各州,只在虫害发生后才进行熏蒸。 来自辞典例句
51 structural itXw5     
adj.构造的,组织的,建筑(用)的
参考例句:
  • The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
52 overloaded Tmqz48     
a.超载的,超负荷的
参考例句:
  • He's overloaded with responsibilities. 他担负的责任过多。
  • She has overloaded her schedule with work, study, and family responsibilities. 她的日程表上排满了工作、学习、家务等,使自己负担过重。
53 maritime 62yyA     
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
参考例句:
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
54 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
55 annex HwzzC     
vt.兼并,吞并;n.附属建筑物
参考例句:
  • It plans to annex an England company in order to enlarge the market.它计划兼并一家英国公司以扩大市场。
  • The annex has been built on to the main building.主楼配建有附属的建筑物。
56 maize q2Wyb     
n.玉米
参考例句:
  • There's a field planted with maize behind the house.房子后面有一块玉米地。
  • We can grow sorghum or maize on this plot.这块地可以种高粱或玉米。
57 mandatory BjTyz     
adj.命令的;强制的;义务的;n.受托者
参考例句:
  • It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
  • There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。
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