Article 49 The determination and readjustment of the standards on minimum wages shall be made with reference to the following factors in a comprehensive manner：

　　（1） the lowest living expenses of laborers² themselves and the average family members they support；

　　（2） the average wage level of the society as a whole；

　　（3） labor¹ productivity；

　　（4） the situation of employment； and

　　（5） the different levels of economic development between regions.

　　Article 50 Wages shall be paid monthly to laborers themselves in cash. The wages paid to laborers shall not be deducted⁴ or delayed without justification⁵.

　　Article 51 The employing unit shall pay wages according to law to laborers who observe statutory holidays， take leaves during the periods of marriage or funeral， or participate in social activities in accordance with the law.

　　Chapter VI Occupational Safety and Health

　　Article 52 The employing unit must establish and perfect the system for occupational safety and health， strictly⁶ implement⁷ the rules and standards of the State on occupational safety and health， educate laborers on occupational safety and health， prevent accidents in the process of work， and reduce occupational hazards.

　　Article 53 Facilities of occupational safety and health must meet the standards stipulated⁸ by the State.

　　Facilities of occupational safety and health installed in new projects and projects to be rebuilt or expanded must be designed， constructed and put into operation and use at the same time as the main projects.

　　Article 54 The employing unit must provide laborers with occupational safety and health conditions conforming to the provisions of the State and necessary articles of labor protection， and provide regular health examination for laborers engaged in work with occupational hazards.

　　Article 55 Laborers to be engaged in specialized⁹ operations must receive specialized training and acquire qualifications for such special operations.

　　Article 56 Laborers must strictly abide¹⁰ by rules of safe operation in the process of their work.

　　Laborers shall have the right to refuse to operate if the management personnel of the employing unit command the operation in violation¹¹ of rules and regulations or force laborers to run risks in operation； laborers shall have the right to criticize， report or file charges against the acts endangering the safety of their life and health.

　　Article 57 The State shall establish a system for the statistics， reports and dispositions¹² of accidents of injuries and deaths， and cases of occupational diseases. The labor administrative¹³ departments and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level and the employing unit shall， according to law， compile statistics， report and dispose of accidents of injuries and deaths that occurred in the process of their work and cases of occupational diseases.

　　Chapter VII Special Protection for Female and Juvenile¹⁴ Workers

　　Article 58 The State shall provide female workers and juvenile workers with special protection.

　　“Juvenile workers” hereby refer to laborers at the age of 16 but not 18 yet.

　　Article 59 It is prohibited to arrange female workers to engage in work down the pit of mines， or work with Grade IV physical labor intensity¹⁵ as stipulated by the State， or other work that female workers should avoid.

　　Article 60 Female workers during their menstrual periods shall not be arranged to engage in work high above the ground， under low temperature， or in cold water or work with Grade III physical labor intensity as stipulated by the State.

　　Article 61 Female workers during their pregnancy¹⁶ shall not be arranged to engage in work with Grade III physical labor intensity as stipulated by the State or other work that they should avoid in pregnancy. Female workers pregnant for seven months or more shall not be arranged to extend their working hours or to work night shifts.

　　Article 62 After childbirth， female workers shall be entitled to no less than ninety days of maternity¹⁷ leaves with pay.

　　Article 63 Female workers during the period of breast-feeding their babies less than one year old shall not bear ranged to engage in work with Grade III physical labor intensity as stipulated by the State or other labor that they should avoid during their breast-feeding period， or to extend their working hours or to work night shifts.

　　Article 64 No juvenile workers shall be arranged to engage in work down the pit of mines， work that is poisonous or harmful， work with Grade IV physical labor intensity as stipulated by the State， or other work that they should avoid.

　　Article 65 The employing unit shall provide regular physical examinations to juvenile workers.

　　Chapter VIII Vocational Training

　　Article 66 The State shall take various measures through various channels to expand vocational training undertakings¹⁸ so as to develop professional skills of laborers， improve their qualities， and raise their employment capability¹⁹ and work ability.

　　Article 67 People's governments at various levels shall incorporate the development of vocational training in the plans of social and economic development， encourage and support all enterprises， institutional organizations， societies and individuals， where conditions permit， to sponsor all kinds of vocational training.

　　Article 68 The employing unit shall establish a system for vocational training， raise and use funds for vocational training in accordance with the provisions of the State， and provide laborers with vocational training in a planned way and in the light of the actual situation of the unit.

　　Laborers to be engaged in technical work must receive pre-job training before taking up their posts.

　　Article 69 The State shall determine occupational classification， set up professional skill standards for the occupations classified， and practise a system of vocational qualification certificates. Examination and verification organizations authorized²⁰ by the government are in charge of the examination and verification of the professional skills of laborers.

　　Chapter IX Social Insurance and Welfare

　　Article 70 The State shall develop social insurance undertakings， establish a social insurance system， and set up social insurance funds so that laborers may receive assistance and compensations under such circumstances as old age， illness， work-related injury， unemployment and child-bearing.

　　Article 71 The level of social insurance shall be in proportion to the level of social and economic development and the social affordability²¹.

　　Article 72 The sources of social insurance funds shall be determined²² according to the categories of insurance， and an overall pooling of insurance funds from the society shall be introduced step by step. The employing unit and laborers must participate in social insurance and pay social insurance premiums²⁴ in accordance with the law.

　　Article 73 Laborers shall， in accordance with the law， enjoy social insurance benefits under the following circumstances：

　　（1） retirement²⁵；

　　（2） illness or injury；

　　（3） disability caused by work-related injury or occupational disease；

　　（4） unemployment； and

　　（5） child-bearing.

　　The survivors²⁶ of the insured laborers shall be entitled to subsidies²⁷ for survivors in accordance with the law.

　　The conditions and standards for laborers to enjoy social insurance benefits shall be stipulated by laws， rules and regulations.

　　The social insurance amount that laborers are entitled to， must be timely paid in full.

　　Article 74 The agencies in charge of social insurance funds shall collect， expend²⁸， manage and operate the funds in accordance with the stipulations of laws， and assume the responsibility to maintain and raise the value of these funds.

　　The supervisory organizations of social insurance funds shall exercise supervision²⁹ over the revenue and expenditure³⁰， management and operation of social insurance funds in accordance with the stipulations of laws.

　　The establishment and function of the agencies in charge of social insurance funds and the supervisory organizations of social insurance funds shall be stipulated by laws.

　　No organization or individual shall be allowed to misappropriate social insurance funds.

　　Article 75 The State shall encourage the employing unit to set up supplementary³¹ insurance for laborers according to its practical situations.

　　The State shall advocate that laborers practise individual insurance in form of saving account.

　　Article 76 The State shall develop social welfare undertakings， construct public welfare facilities， and provide laborers with conditions for taking rest， recuperation and rehabilitation³².

　　The employing unit shall create conditions so as to improve collective welfare and raise welfare treatment of laborers.

　　Chapter X Labor Disputes

　　Article 77 Where a labor dispute between the employing unit and laborers takes place， the parties concerned may apply for mediation³³ or arbitration³⁴ or take legal proceedings³⁵ according to law， or may seek for a settlement through consultation³⁶.

　　The principle of mediation shall apply to the procedures of arbitration and lawsuit³⁷.

　　Article 78 The settlement of a labor dispute shall follow the principle of legality， fairness and promptness so as to safeguard in accordance with the law the legitimate³⁸ rights and interests of the parties involved.

　　Article 79 Where a labor dispute takes place， the parties involved may apply to the labor dispute mediation committee of their unit for mediation； if the mediation fails and one of the parties requests for arbitration， that party may apply to the labor dispute arbitration committee for arbitration. Either party may also directly apply to the labor dispute arbitration committee for arbitration. If one of the parties is not satisfied with the adjudication of arbitration， the party may bring the case to a people's court.

　　Article 80 A labor dispute mediation committee may be established inside the employing unit. The committee shall be composed of representatives of the staff and workers， representatives of the employing unit， and representatives of the trade union. The chairman of the committee shall be held by a representative of the trade union.

　　Agreements reached on labor disputes through mediation shall be implemented³⁹ by the parties involved.

　　Article 81 A labor dispute arbitration committee shall be composed of representatives of the labor administrative department， representatives from the trade union at the corresponding level， and representatives of the employing unit. The chairman of the committee shall be held by a representative of the labor administrative department.

　　Article 82 The party that requests for arbitration shall file a written application to a labor dispute arbitration committee within 60 days starting from the date of the occurrence of a labor dispute. The arbitration committee may generally make an adjudication within 60 days from the date of receiving the application. The parties involved must implement the adjudication if no objections are raised.

　　Article 83 Where a party involved in a labor dispute is not satisfied with the adjudication， the party may bring a lawsuit to a people's court within 15 days from the date of receiving the ruling of arbitration. Where one of the parties involved neither brings a lawsuit nor implements⁴⁰ the adjudication of arbitration within the statutory time limit， the other party may apply to a people's court for compulsory⁴¹ implementation⁴².

　　Article 84 Where a dispute arises from the conclusion of a collective contract and no settlement can be reached through consultation by the parties concerned， the labor administrative department of the local people's government may organize the relevant departments to handle the case in coordination⁴³.

　　Where a dispute arises from the implementation of a collective contract and no settlement can be reached through consultation by the parties concerned， the dispute may be submitted to the labor dispute arbitration committee for arbitration. Any party that is not satisfied with the adjudication of arbitration may bring a lawsuit to a people's court within 15 days from the date of receiving the adjudication.

　　Chapter XI Supervision and Inspection⁴⁴

　　Article 85 The labor administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall， in accordance with the law， supervise and inspect the implementation of laws， rules and regulations on labor by the employing unit， and have the power to stop any acts that run counter to laws， rules and regulations on labor and order the rectification⁴⁵ thereof.

　　Article 86 The inspectors⁴⁶ from the labor administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall， while performing their public duties， have the right to enter the employing units to make investigations⁴⁷ about the implementation of laws， rules and regulations on labor， examine necessary data and inspect labor sites.

　　The inspectors from the labor administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level must show their certifications while performing public duties， impartially⁴⁸ enforce laws， and abide by relevant stipulations.

　　Article 87 Relevant departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall， within the scope of their respective duties and responsibilities， supervise the implementation of laws， rules and regulations on labor by the employing units.

　　Article 88 Trade unions at various levels shall， in accordance with the law， safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of laborers， and supervise the implementation of laws， rules and regulations on labor by the employing units.

　　Any organizations or individuals shall have the right to expose and accuse any acts in violation of laws， rules and regulations on labor.

　　Chapter XII Legal Responsibility

　　Article 89 Where the rules and regulations on labor formulated⁴⁹ by the employing unit run counter to the provisions of laws， rules and regulations， the labor administrative department shall give a warning to the unit， order it to make corrections； where any harms have been caused to laborers， the unit shall be liable for compensations.

　　Article 90 Where the employing unit extends working hours of laborers in violation of the stipulations of this Law， the labor administrative department shall give it a warning， order it to make corrections， and may impose a fine.

　　Article 91 Where an employing unit infringes⁵⁰ in any of the following ways the legitimate rights and interests of laborers， the labor administrative department shall order it to pay laborers remuneration or to make up for economic losses， and may also order it to pay compensations：

　　（1） to deduct³ wages or delay in paying wages to laborers without reason；

　　（2） to refuse to pay laborers remuneration for the extended working hours；

　　（3） to pay laborers wages below the local standard on minimum wages； or

　　（4） to fail to provide laborers with economic compensations in accordance with the provisions of this Law after revocation⁵¹ of labor contracts.

　　Article 92 Where the occupational safety facilities and health conditions of an employing unit do not comply with the provisions of the State or the unit fails to provide laborers with necessary labor protection articles and labor protection facilities the labor administrative department or other relevant departments shall order it to make corrections， and may impose a fine. If circumstances are serious， the above-said departments shall apply to a people's government at or above the county level for a decision to order the unit to stop production for consolidation⁵². If the unit fails to take measures against potential accident which later leads to the occurrence of a serious accident and the losses of laborers' lives and properties， criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the persons in charge mutatis mutandis the stipulations of Article 187 of the Criminal Law.

　　Article 93 Where an employing unit forces laborers to operate with risks in violation of the rules and regulations， causing thus major accident of injuries and deaths， and serious consequences， criminal responsibilities of the person in charge shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 94 Where an employing unit illegally recruits juveniles⁵³ under the age of 16， the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections， and impose a fine. If circumstances are serious， the administrative department for industry and commerce shall revoke⁵⁴ its business license⁵⁵.

　　Article 95 Where an employing unit encroaches upon the legitimate rights and interests of female and juvenile workers in violation of the stipulations of this Law on their protection， the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections， and impose a fine. If harms to female and juvenile workers have been caused， the unit shall assume the responsibility for compensations.

　　Article 96 Where an employing unit commits one of the following acts， the person in charge shall be taken by a public security organ into custody⁵⁶ for 15 days or less， or fined， or given a warning； and criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the person in charge according to law if the act constitutes a crime：

　　（1） to force laborers to work by resorting to violence， intimidation⁵⁷ or illegal restriction⁵⁸ of personal freedom； or

　　（2） humiliating， giving corporal punishment， beating， illegally searching or detaining laborers.

　　Article 97 The employing unit shall bear the responsibility for compensation if the conclusion of any invalid⁵⁹ contracts is attributed to the unit and have caused damages to laborers.

　　Article 98 The employing unit that revokes⁶⁰ labor contracts or purposely delays the conclusion of labor contracts in violation of the conditions specified⁶¹ in this Law shall be ordered by the labor administrative department to make corrections and shall bear the responsibility for compensation if damages have been caused to laborers.

　　Article 99 The employing unit that recruits laborers whose labor contracts have not yet been revoked⁶² shall， according to law， assume joint⁶³ responsibility for compensation if economic losses have been caused to the original employing unit of the laborers.

　　Article 100 The employing unit that fails to pay social insurance premium²³ without reason shall be ordered by the labor administrative department to pay within fixed⁶⁴ period of time. If the unit still fails to make the payment beyond the time limit， an additional arrears⁶⁵ payment may be demanded.

　　Article 101 Where an employing unit unjustifiably obstructs⁶⁶ the labor administrative department and other relevant departments as well as their functionaries⁶⁷ from exercising the powers of supervision and inspection or retaliates⁶⁸ informers， the labor administrative department or other relevant departments shall impose fines upon the unit. If a crime is constituted， the person in charge shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law.

　　Article 102 Laborers who revoke labor contracts in violation of the conditions specified in this Law or violate terms on secret-keeping matters agreed upon in the labor contracts and thus have caused economic losses to the employing unit shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the law.

　　Article 103 The functionaries of the labor administrative department or other relevant departments who abuse their functions and powers， neglect their duties， and engage in malpractices for selfish ends， shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law if a crime is constituted， or shall be given an administrative sanction if the offenses⁶⁹ do not yet constitute a crime.

　　Article 104 The functionaries of the State or the agencies in charge of social insurance funds who misappropriate the social insurance funds， shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law if a crime is constituted.

　　Article 105 Where other laws or administrative rules and regulations have already specified punishments for the encroachment⁷⁰ of the legitimate rights and interests of laborers that also violate the stipulations of this Law， punishments shall be given in accordance with the stipulations of those laws or administrative rules and regulations.

　　Chapter XIII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 106 People's governments of provinces， autonomous⁷¹ regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall work out the implementing⁷² measures for the labor contract system according to this Law and in light of their local conditions， and report the measures to the State Council for the record.

　　Article 107 This Law shall become effective as of January 1， 1995.

上一篇：国家税务总局关于从事交通运输的外商投资企业界定问题的批复 下一篇：中华人民共和国劳动法（一）