中华人民共和国戒严法 MARTIAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC O_法律英语

中华人民共和国戒严法 MARTIAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC O

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-05-14 06:45 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

（Adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing¹ Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress， promulgated² by Order No. 61 of the President of the People's Republic of China on March 1， 1996）
颁布日期：19960301 　实施日期：19960301 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Enforcement of the Martial³ Law

　　Chapter III Measures for Enforcement of the Martial Law

　　Chapter IV Duties of the Martial Law Enforcers

　　Chapter V Supplementary⁴ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 Pursuant to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China， the present Law is formulated⁶.

　　Article 2 In case of occurrence of turmoil⁷， tumult⁸ or serious riot that imperils the unity⁹， safety or social public order of the state to such an extent that the social order would not be maintained and the people's personal and property safety not protected if extraordinary measure should not be adopted， the state may decide to enforce the martial law.

　　Article 3 The enforcement of martial law over the whole state or in particular province， autonomous¹⁰ region or municipality directly under the central government shall be proposed by the State Council and submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for decision； the President of the People's Republic of China shall proclaim the order of martial law according to the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

　　The enforcement of martial law in certain district of a province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall be decided¹¹ by the State Council and the order of the martial law be proclaimed by the Premier¹² of the State Council.

　　Article 4 During the period of the enforcement of the martial law， with a view to ensuring the enforcement of the martial law， maintaining the social public order， the state may formulate⁵ according to the present Law special provisions of the district under martial law regarding the exercise of citizens' rights and freedom provided for by the Constitution and the law.

　　Article 5 The people's governments of the district under martial law shall according to the present Law adopt necessary measures to restore normal social order as soon as possible， safeguard the personal and property safety of the people and ensure the supply of life necessities.

　　Article 6 All organizations and individuals of the district under martial law shall rigorously abide¹³ by the order of the martial law and the prescriptions¹⁴ for the enforcement of the martial law and actively¹⁵ assist the people's government in restoring normal social order.

　　Article 7 The state shall adopt effective measures to protect from infringement¹⁷ the legitimate¹⁸ rights and interests of the organizations or individuals who abide by or implement¹⁹ the prescriptions of the order of the martial law.

　　Article 8 The tasks for the enforcement of the martial law shall be fulfilled by the people's police and armed people's police and， where necessary， the State Council may propose to the Central Military Commission for decision that the people's liberation army be dispatched for assisting to enforce the martial law.

　　Chapter II Enforcement of the Martial Law

　　Article 9 The enforcement of the martial law over the whole country or in particular province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall be organized by the State Council.

　　The enforcement of the martial law in certain district of a province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall be organized by the people's government of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government， or， when necessary， directly by the State Council. The agency organizing the enforcement of the martial law is referred to as the martial law enforcement organ.

　　Article 10 The martial law enforcement organ shall establish a martial law commanding body， which shall command and coordinate²¹ concerned departments to fulfill²⁰ tasks for enforcement of the martial law， uniformly make arrangements and adopt measures for the enforcement of the martial law.

　　The people's liberation army undertaking²² the martial law tasks shall， subject to the uniform arrangements of the martial law commanding body， be commanded by the military organ designated by the Central Military Commission.

　　Article 11 The order of the martial law shall specify²³ the area scope under the martial law， the starting and ending time and the enforcement organic.

　　Article 12 Upon the removal of urgent situation for which the martial law was enforced according to provisions of Article 2 of the present Law， the martial law shall be lifted in time.

　　The procedures regarding lifting of the martial law are the same with that governing the decision for the introduction of the martial law.

　　Chapter III Measures for Enforcement of the Martial Law

　　Article 13 During the period of the enforcement of the martial law， the martial law enforcement organ may decide to adopt the following measures in the district under martial law and formulate more detailed²⁴ procedures for implementation²⁵ thereof：

　　（1） prohibiting or imposing²⁶ restrictions²⁷ on assembly， procession， demonstration²⁸， speech on street or other gathering²⁹ activities；

　　（2） prohibiting strike of employees， students and shopkeepers；

　　（3） practising press censorship；

　　（4） putting under control correspondence， post and telecommunications；

　　（5） putting under control the exit from or entry into the border；

　　（6） prohibiting any resisting activities against the enforcement of the martial law.

　　Article 14 During the period of enforcement of the martial law， the martial law enforcement organ may decide to adopt measures in the district under martial law to control the traffic， impose restrictions on passengers' entry into and exit from the district under traffic control and inspect certificates of passengers， vehicles and commodities when they exit from or enter the district under traffic control.

　　Article 15 During the period of enforcement of the martial law， the martial law enforcement organ may decide to impose a curfew on the district under the martial law. During the period of curfew， passengers when going through the street or other public places of the district under curfew shall hold identity card of their own and the special pass issued by the martial law enforcement organ.

　　Article 16 During the period of enforcement of the martial law， the martial law enforcement organ or the martial law commanding body shall adopt special measures in the district under martial law for management of the following commodities and articles：

　　（1） weapons and ammunitions；

　　（2） cutting tools subject to control；

　　（3） inflammables and explosives；

　　（4） dangerous chemicals， radioactive substances and highly poisonous substances.

　　Article 17 In light of the necessity for implementing³⁰ the tasks of enforcement of the martial law， the people's government at and above the county level in the district under martial law may temporarily requisition the state organs， enterprises， institutions， social organizations or individual citizens for their houses， premises³¹， facilities， conveyances³² or project machines. In most urgent cases the on-the-spot commanding officials of the people's police， the armed people's police or the people's liberation army undertaking martial law enforcement tasks may directly decide to make temporary requisitions and the local people's government shall provide assistance therefor. Requisition receipts shall be made out when the requisition is made.

　　The aforesaid materials for temporary requisition shall be timely returned after their use have been finished or the martial law is lifted. In case of any damage because of the requisition the people's government at and above the county level shall make compensations according to relevant state provisions.

　　Article 18 During the period of enforcement of the martial law， measures shall be adopted to strengthen guarding of the following units and premises of the district under martial law：

　　（1） headquarters；

　　（2） military agencies and important military facilities；

　　（3） foreign consulates³³ and embassies instituted in China， representative offices of international organizations in China and residing places of state guests；

　　（4） import news units such as broadcasting stations， television stations， the state news agency and the important facilities thereof；

　　（5） public enterprises or public facilities that have important significance to the national economy and the people's livelihood³⁴；

　　（6） airports， railway stations and harbours；

　　（7） prisons， labour reformatories and detention³⁵ houses；

　　（8） other units or premises that need to be guarded.

　　Article 19 To safeguard the supply of life necessities for residents of the district under the martial law， the martial law enforcement organ may adopt special measures for the management of the production， transportation， supply and price of those life necessities.

　　Article 20 The measures and procedures for the enforcement of the martial law adopted by the martial law enforcement organ according to the present Law shall be publicized if they require the observation of the public. During the period of enforcement those measures and procedures that are not necessary for continuous implementation shall in light of the situation be timely proclaimed for termination of their implementation.

　　Chapter IV Duties of the Martial Law Enforcers

　　Article 21 The people's police， the armed people's police and the people's liberation army undertaking tasks of martial law enforcement are the enforcers of the martial law.

　　Martial law enforcers undertaking martial law enforcement tasks shall bear the badge uniformly specified³⁶ by the martial law enforcement organ.

　　Article 22 Martial law enforcers shall according to prescriptions of the martial law enforcement organ have the power to make inspection³⁷ on certificates， vehicles and commodities of passengers on the public roads or other public places of the district under the martial law.

　　Article 23 Martial law enforcers shall according to prescriptions of the martial law enforcement organ have the power to detain persons who violate prescriptions regarding the curfew until the early morning when the curfew is lifted for that day， to make body search of the detained persons and to inspect the materials and commodities brought along with them.

　　Article 24 Martial law enforcers shall according to prescriptions of the martial law enforcement organ have the power to put under detention the following persons：

　　（1） persons who are found or highly suspect of committing crimes of imperiling the state safety or sabotaging³⁸ the social order；

　　（2） persons who obstruct³⁹ or resist the enforcers' implementation of tasks for enforcement of the martial law；

　　（3） persons who resist traffic control or defy the prescriptions for the curfew；

　　（4） persons who resist the enforcement of the martial law in other forms.

　　Article 25 Martial law enforcers shall according to prescriptions of the martial law enforcement organ have the power to make body inspection of the detained persons， to inspect the residence of criminal suspects， or places suspected of hiding criminals， criminal suspects or weapons， ammunitions or other dangerous articles.

　　Article 26 In any of the following cases of gathering in the district under martial law， the martial law enforcers， when failing to stop the gathering by persuasion⁴⁰， may， according to relevant prescriptions， use police apparatus⁴¹ to stop or disperse⁴² the gathering by force， bring by force the organizers and resisters away from the gathering place and/or put them under detention immediately：

　　（1） illegal assembly， procession， demonstration or other gathering activities；

　　（2） illegally occupying public places or provoking sabotaging activities in public places；

　　（3） assaulting state organs or other important units or places；

　　（4） disturbing the traffic order or intentionally⁴³ obstructing⁴⁴ the traffic；

　　（5） gathering to plunder⁴⁵ or sabotage⁴⁶ the properties of government organs， associations， enterprises， institutions or individual citizens.

　　Article 27 Martial law enforcers shall timely register and interrogate⁴⁷ the persons detained in accordance with the present Law and shall set free those persons immediately after finding it unnecessary to put them under custody⁴⁸.

　　The procedures and length in respect to detention and arrest during the period of martial law enforcement may not be subject to restrictions provided for by relevant stipulations of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China； but the act of arrest shall subject to the approval or decision of the people's procuratorate.

　　Article 28 In any of the following cases of extraordinary emergency in the district under martial law， the military law enforcers， when failing to put an end by using police apparatus， may use firearms or other weapons：

　　（1） the safety of the life of citizen or martial law enforcer being endangered by violence；

　　（2） the offender⁴⁹ resisting by violence， committing murder or escaping when it is attempted to detain or arrest them or send them away under escort；

　　（3） the offender seizing weapons or ammunitions by force；

　　（4） the important body or target guarded being assaulted by violence or in the severe danger of being assaulted by violence；

　　（5） the operation of fire fighting， dealing⁵⁰ with emergency， rescue or implementation of other important urgent tasks being obstructed⁵¹ by serious violence；

　　（6） other cases in which firearms and other weapons may be used according to law or administrative⁵² regulations.

　　Martial law enforcer shall strictly⁵³ observe the prescriptions regarding using of firearms or other weapons.

　　Article 29 Martial law enforcers shall strictly observe the law， regulations and enforcement rules， obey the orders， perform the duties， respect the customs and traditions of local nationals and must not infringe¹⁶ upon or damage the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens.

　　Article 30 The actions conducted by martial law enforcers for fulfillment of tasks according to law shall be protected by law.

　　In case of violation⁵⁴ of the present Law， abuse of power， violation or damage of the legitimate rights and interests of citizens by martial law enforcers， the legal liabilities shall be investigated into according to law.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 31 In case the state does not decide to enforce a martial law when serious riot arises in partial district of a particular county or city that severely⁵⁵ endangers the state safety， social public security and the people's lives and property， the local people's government of the respective province may， subject to approval of the State Council， decide to organize the people's police and the armed people's police to put under control the traffic and the site， make restrictions on entry into and exit from the controlled area， inspect certificates， vehicles， materials and commodities of passengers entering or exiting from the controlled area， disperse， search or bring away from the site by force the participants in the riot and immediately put under detention the organizers and resisters. In case the people's police and the armed people's police are not adequate to maintain the social order， the State Council may be requested to propose to the Central Military Commission for decision that the people's liberation army be dispatched to assist the local people's government in restoring and maintaining the normal social order.

　　Article 32 The present Law comes into force as of the date of promulgation⁵⁶.

点击

收听单词发音

1 standing
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。 They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

2 promulgated
v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）
参考例句：
Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。来自辞典例句

3 martial
adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的
参考例句：
The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。 The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

4 supplementary
adj.补充的，附加的
参考例句：
There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了，我们另外有供水的地方。 A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。

5 formulate
v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述
参考例句：
He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌，清楚地做了回答。 I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。

6 formulated
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示
参考例句：
He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。来自《简明英汉词典》 This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 turmoil
n.骚乱，混乱，动乱
参考例句：
His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。 The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

8 tumult
n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹
参考例句：
The tumult in the streets awakened everyone in the house.街上的喧哗吵醒了屋子里的每一个人。 His voice disappeared under growing tumult.他的声音消失在越来越响的喧哗声中。

9 unity
n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调
参考例句：
When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。 We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

10 autonomous
adj.自治的；独立的
参考例句：
They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。 This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

11 decided
adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的
参考例句：
This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。 There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

12 premier
adj.首要的；n.总理，首相
参考例句：
The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。 He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

13 abide
vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受
参考例句：
You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。 If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

14 prescriptions
药( prescription的名词复数 )；处方；开处方；计划
参考例句：
The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。 Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。

15 actively
adv.积极地，勤奋地
参考例句：
During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。 We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

16 infringe
v.违反，触犯，侵害
参考例句：
The jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.陪审团裁决他没有违反任何规定。 He occasionally infringe the law by parking near a junction.他因偶尔将车停放在交叉口附近而违反规定。

17 infringement
n.违反；侵权
参考例句：
Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。 The committee ruled that the US ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯

18 legitimate
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。 That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

19 implement
n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行
参考例句：
Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。 The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

20 fulfill
vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意
参考例句：
If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。 This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。

21 coordinate
adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调
参考例句：
You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。 Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

22 undertaking
n.保证，许诺，事业
参考例句：
He gave her an undertaking that he would pay the money back with in a year.他向她做了一年内还钱的保证。 He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.他太胆小，不敢从事任何事业。

23 specify
vt.指定，详细说明
参考例句：
We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。 Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

24 detailed
adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的
参考例句：
He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。 A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

25 implementation
n.实施，贯彻
参考例句：
Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

26 imposing
adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的
参考例句：
The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。 He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

27 restrictions
约束( restriction的名词复数 )；管制；制约因素；带限制性的条件（或规则）
参考例句：
I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。 a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

28 demonstration
n.表明，示范，论证，示威
参考例句：
His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。 He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

29 gathering
n.集会，聚会，聚集
参考例句：
He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。 He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

30 implementing
v.实现( implement的现在分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效
参考例句：
-- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。来自辞典例句

31 premises
n.建筑物，房屋
参考例句：
According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定，场内不准饮酒。 All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行，不用送到外面去做。

32 conveyances
n.传送( conveyance的名词复数 )；运送；表达；运输工具
参考例句：
Transport tools from work areas by using hand trucks and other conveyances. 负责用相关运输设备从工作区域运载模具。来自互联网 Railroad trains and buses are public conveyances. 火车和公共汽车是公共交通工具。来自互联网

33 consulates
n.领事馆( consulate的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Consulates General of The People's Republic at Los Angeles. 中华人民共和国驻洛杉矶总领事馆。来自互联网 The country's embassies, consulates and other diplomatic missions stationed in other countries. （七）家驻外使馆、馆和其他外交代表机构。来自互联网

34 livelihood
n.生计，谋生之道
参考例句：
Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。 My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。

35 detention
n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下
参考例句：
He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。 He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

36 specified
adj.特定的
参考例句：
The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。 It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。

37 inspection
n.检查，审查，检阅
参考例句：
On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。 The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。

38 sabotaging
阴谋破坏（某事物）( sabotage的现在分词 )
参考例句：
Mr Smith fiercely denied any question of sabotaging the talks. 史密斯先生坚决拒绝任何企图阻挠谈话的提问。 Failed in sabotaging APEC summit in Sydney of Australia. 澳大利亚悉尼APEC会议遭遇惨败。

39 obstruct
v.阻隔，阻塞(道路、通道等)；n.阻碍物，障碍物
参考例句：
He became still more dissatisfied with it and secretly did everything in his power to obstruct it.他对此更不满意，尽在暗里使绊子。 The fallen trees obstruct the road.倒下的树将路堵住了。

40 persuasion
n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派
参考例句：
He decided to leave only after much persuasion.经过多方劝说，他才决定离开。 After a lot of persuasion,she agreed to go.经过多次劝说后，她同意去了。

41 apparatus
n.装置，器械；器具，设备
参考例句：
The school's audio apparatus includes films and records.学校的视听设备包括放映机和录音机。 They had a very refined apparatus.他们有一套非常精良的设备。

42 disperse
vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散
参考例句：
The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。 The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。

43 intentionally
ad.故意地，有意地
参考例句：
I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。 The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

44 obstructing
阻塞( obstruct的现在分词 )；堵塞；阻碍；阻止
参考例句：
You can't park here, you're obstructing my driveway. 你不能在这里停车，你挡住了我家的车道。 He was charged for obstructing the highway. 他因阻碍交通而受控告。

45 plunder
vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠
参考例句：
The thieves hid their plunder in the cave.贼把赃物藏在山洞里。 Trade should not serve as a means of economic plunder.贸易不应当成为经济掠夺的手段。

46 sabotage
n.怠工，破坏活动，破坏；v.从事破坏活动，妨害，破坏
参考例句：
They tried to sabotage my birthday party.他们企图破坏我的生日晚会。 The fire at the factory was caused by sabotage.那家工厂的火灾是有人蓄意破坏引起的。

47 interrogate
vt.讯问，审问，盘问
参考例句：
The lawyer took a long time to interrogate the witness fully.律师花了很长时间仔细询问目击者。 We will interrogate the two suspects separately.我们要对这两个嫌疑人单独进行审讯。

48 custody
n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留
参考例句：
He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。 He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

49 offender
n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者
参考例句：
They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。 The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。

50 dealing
n.经商方法，待人态度
参考例句：
This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。 His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

51 obstructed
阻塞( obstruct的过去式和过去分词 )；堵塞；阻碍；阻止
参考例句：
Tall trees obstructed his view of the road. 有大树挡着，他看不到道路。 The Irish and Bristol Channels were closed or grievously obstructed. 爱尔兰海峡和布里斯托尔海峡或遭受封锁，或受到了严重阻碍。

52 administrative
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。 He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

53 strictly
adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地
参考例句：
His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。 The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

54 violation
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。 He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

55 severely
adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地
参考例句：
He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。 He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

56 promulgation
n.颁布
参考例句：
The new law comes into force from the day of its promulgation. 新法律自公布之日起生效。来自《简明英汉词典》 Article 118 These Regulations shall come into effect from the day of their promulgation. 第一百一十八条本条例自公布之日起实施。来自经济法规部分

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