中华人民共和国促进科技成果转化法_法律英语

中华人民共和国促进科技成果转化法

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-05-14 07:30 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

（Adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing¹ Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15， 1996 and promulgated³ by Order No. 68 of the President of the People's Republic of China on May 15， 1996）
颁布日期：19960515 　实施日期：19961001 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Organization and Implementation⁴

　　Chapter III Guarantee Measures

　　Chapter IV Right of Technology

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Chapter VI Supplementary⁵ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is enacted⁶ for the purposes of promoting the transformation⁷ of scientific and technological⁸ achievements into actual productive forces， regulating activities of such transformation， accelerating the progress of science and technology and expediting economic construction and social development.

　　Article 2 “Transformation of scientific and technological achievements” referred to in this Law means activities of conducting follow-up experiments， development， application and popularization of scientific and technological achievements of practical value， which have been made through scientific research and technological development， thereby⁹ developing new products， new techniques and new materials and forming new industries in order to raise the level of productive forces.

　　Article 3 Transformation of scientific and technological achievements should help improve economic and social results， protect environment and resources， and promote economic construction， social development and national defence construction.

　　Transformation of scientific and technological achievements should be based on the principles of voluntariness， mutual¹⁰ benefit， fairness， honesty and credibility. Profits and risks arising therefrom shall be shared according to laws or terms of contract. Intellectual property rights related to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements shall be protected by law.

　　Whoever engages in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements should abide¹¹ by laws and maintain state interests， and may not infringe¹² upon social and public interests.

　　Article 4 The administrative¹³ department in charge of science and technology， the planning department， the comprehensive economic administration department and other competent administrative departments under the State Council shall manage， guide and coordinate¹⁴ the work for transformation of scientific and technological achievements within their respective limits of functions as specified¹⁵ by the State Council.

　　Local people's governments at various levels shall be in charge of the management， guidance and coordination¹⁶ of the work for transformation of scientific and technological achievements within their respective administrative areas.

　　Chapter II Organization and Implementation

　　Article 5 The State Council and local people's governments at various levels should incorporate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into the plan for national economy and social development， and should organize， coordinate and carry out such transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Article 6 Competent departments under the State Council and people's governments of provinces， autonomous¹⁷ regions and municipalities under the central government shall periodically promulgate² catalogues of scientific and technological achievements， as well as guides to major transformation projects for scientific and technological achievements， and shall give priority to the implementation of the following projects：

　　（1） those which can obviously raise the level of industrial technology and improve economic results；（2） those which can develop a large-scale industry and are competitive on the international market；

　　（3） those which can rationally develop and exploit resources， economize¹⁸ on energy， reduce the consumption and prevent and control environmental pollution；

　　（4） those which can develop an agriculture of high yield， high quality and high efficiency and promote the economic development in rural areas； or

　　（5） those which can accelerate the social and economic development in minority nationality regions， remote border areas and poverty-stricken areas.

　　Article 7 The state institutes policies and takes measures in order to advocate and encourage the adoption¹⁹ of advanced technology， techniques and equipment， and to improve constantly， restrict the use of or eliminate backward technology， techniques and equipment.

　　Article 8 For the implementation of major transformation projects for scientific and technological achievements organized by people's governments at various levels， open tenders may be invited by the departments concerned. The departments concerned shall provide the unit who has won the tender with financial support and other conditions stated at the time of inviting²⁰ the tender.

　　Article 9 The holders²¹ of scientific and technological achievements may carry out the transformation of their achievements by any of the following means：

　　（1） carrying out such transformation with their own investment；

　　（2） transferring the scientific and technological achievements to others；

　　（3） authorizing²² others to exploit the scientific and technological achievements；

　　（4） using the scientific and technological achievements as the conditions for cooperating with others in carrying out the transformation； or

　　（5） making investment in the form of scientific and technological achievements at their appraised²³ value， which may be converted into shares or capital contributions.

　　Article 10 For the purposes of adopting new technology， new techniques or new materials， or producing new products， enterprises may publish news by themselves or commission technological trade intermediary institutions to collect scientific and technological achievements they need， or to seek cooperators in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Article 11 Enterprises have the statutory right to carry out the transformation of scientific and technological achievements whether independently or in collaboration²⁴ with enterprises or institutions or other cooperators from home or abroad.

　　Through fair competition， enterprises may， independently or in collaboration with other units， undertake those projects for scientific research and technological development and for transforming scientific and technological achievements which the implementation is organized by governments.

　　Article 12 The state encourages such institutions as research and development institutions and higher learning bodies to cooperate with producing enterprises in carrying out the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Such institutions as research and development institutions and higher learning bodies may send in tenders for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements at the invitation of government departments concerned or enterprises.

　　Article 13 The state encourages agricultural research institutions and agricultural experiment and demonstration²⁵ units to carry out the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements independently or in collaboration with other units.

　　For the purpose of promoting the transformation of their own scientific and technological achievements， agricultural research institutions may trade in good varieties which they have studied and developed independently or in collaboration with other units and have undergone the examination and approval.

　　Article 14 For a job-related scientific and technological achievement of practical value， which has been made by as tate-maintained research and development institution or a higher learning body， if such a unit fails to carry out the transformation of the achievement in time， persons who have accomplished²⁶ the achievement and other participants in the work may carry out the transformation of the achievement according to an agreement concluded with the unit to which they belong and enjoy the interests as agreed upon， but they are not allowed to change the ownership over the job-related scientific and technological achievement. The unit should give support to the transformation of the scientific and technological achievement.

　　Persons who have accomplished a job-related scientific and technological achievement or the person in charge of are search subject may not hinder the transformation of the job-related scientific and technological achievement， and may not infringe upon legitimate²⁷ interests of the unit by appropriating the job-related scientific and technological achievement and relevant technical data.

　　Article 15 A unit which has made a scientific and technological achievement， a unit which is responsible for the transformation and a unit which intends to make investment in the transformation should conclude a contract to stipulate²⁸ for rights and risks shared among the parties before they start cooperation in follow-up experiments， development， application， manufacture and management of the scientific and technological achievement.

　　Article 16 Testing and evaluating scientific and technological achievements in the transformation activities must be based on the principles of fairness and objectivity. It is prohibited to provide false testing results or false evaluation²⁹ certificate.

　　Where state-maintained research and development institutions or high learning bodies， or state-owned enterprises cooperate with enterprises， other organizations or individuals from abroad in transforming scientific and technological achievements， such achievements must be subject to evaluation according to relevant state provisions.

　　If the cooperation with foreign parties in transforming scientific and technological achievements involves state secrets， prior approval shall be obtained through statutory procedures.

　　Article 17 Markets or institutions established according to law to engage in technological trade may conduct the following activities to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements：

　　（1） introducing and recommending advanced， ripe and practical scientific and technological achievements；

　　（2） providing information regarding finance， technology and environment and other relevant information required for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements；

　　（3） engaging in technological trade； and

　　（4） providing other consultancy service for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Article 18 An intermediary institution engaging in agency or intermediary service or other paid service for technological trade must take out a business licence according to relevant state provisions. Personnel acting³⁰ as a broker³¹ in such an institution must procure³² a qualification certificate according to relevant state provisions.

　　Article 19 The state encourages enterprises， institutions and rural scientific and technological economic cooperation organizations to conduct pilot trials， industrial tests and agricultural experiments and demonstrations³³ and other activities of technological innovation and service.

　　Bases for pilot trial， industrial test or agricultural experiment and demonstration， which are used for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements， and other institutions engaging in technological innovation and service may conduct the following activities：（1） putting new products and new techniques to pilot trials and industrial tests；

　　（2） making coordinated³⁴ development and technological innovation of scientific and technological achievements for a region or an industry in order to develop systematic³⁵ and engineering technology to satisfy the social need；

　　（3） providing technology or technical service for small- or mediate-size enterprises， rural enterprises and rural scientific and technical and economic cooperation organizations； and

　　（4） providing comprehensive and systematic service required for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the establishment of related enterprises.

　　Capital construction of bases and institutions mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be incorporated into the relevant national or local plans with the approval of the department concerned under the State Council and people's governments of provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.

　　Article 20 Experimental products developed through the transformation of scientific and technological achievements may， with an approval of the competent department， be placed on trial sale within a specified period of time according to state provisions governing trial sale products. Products manufactured or marketed on trial basis should meet national standards regarding technology， quality， safety and health.

　　Chapter III Guarantee Measures

　　Article 21 National financial appropriations³⁶ for science and technology， fixed³⁷ assets investment and technological transformation should include a proportion for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. National financial appropriations for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements shall be mainly used for guide funds， interest discount on loans， subsidies³⁸， and venture investment as well as other funds for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Article 22 The state institutes a policy on tax preferences for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The State Council shall formulate³⁹ specific measures therefor.

　　Article 23 The financial institutions of the state should give support to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements by granting credits and loans， and should increase loans for the transformation gradually.

　　Article 24 The state encourages the establishment of funds or venture funds for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements， which are raised from the state， localities， enterprises， institutions and other organizations or individuals， in order to finance the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of high investment， high venture and high yield， and to help accelerate the industrialization of major scientific and technological achievements.

　　The establishment and use of funds and venture funds for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements shall be subject to relevant state provisions.

　　Article 25 The state promotes the establishment and development of scientific and technological information networks， and sets up information and data banks of scientific and technological achievements in order to provide service for the whole country with information regarding scientific and technological achievements.

　　Chapter IV Right of Technology

　　Article 26 Where a unit having accomplished a scientific and technological achievement cooperates with other unit in the transformation of the achievement， they should stipulate for the right to the achievement in the contract according to law. If they fails to agree upon such stipulations in the contract， the parties shall specify⁴⁰ the right under the following principles：

　　（1） If no new invention-creation develops in the course of the cooperation， the right to the achievement shall belong to the unit having accomplished the achievement；

　　（2） If a new invention-creation develops in the course of the cooperation， such a new invention-creation shall be owned by all cooperators； or

　　（3） If a scientific and technological achievement is made in the course of the cooperation， any of the parties shall have the right to exploit the achievement， and the transfer of the achievement shall be subject to the consent of all parties.

　　Article 27 Where a unit having accomplished a scientific and technological achievement cooperates with other unit in the transformation of the achievement， all cooperators shall enter into an agreement on preserving technological secrets. Any of the parties may not disclose or allow others to exploit the technology by breaking the agreement or disregarding the requirement of the owners of the right to preserve the technological secrets.

　　Technological trade markets or intermediary institutions shall bear the obligation to preserve technological secrets known from the parties in providing agency or intermediary service.

　　Article 28 Enterprises and institutions should establish and improve their protective systems for technological secrets in order to keep their own technological secrets confidential⁴¹. Staff members should observe protective systems for technological secrets in their units.

　　Enterprises and institutions may enter into an agreement with participants in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements that they should preserve technological secrets of their units when they are on job， or within a specified period of time after they leave their posts， or leave their posts as veteran cadres， or retire. No person concerned may divulge⁴² technological secrets of his unit or engage in activities of transforming the same scientific and technological achievement as did when he was in his original unit by breaking the agreement.

　　Staff members may not transfer job-related scientific and technological achievements without authorization⁴³ or in disguised form.

　　Article 29 Where a unit having accomplished a job-related scientific and technological achievement transfers the achievement to others， it should set aside a proportion not less than 20 percent of net income devised from such a transfer to grant prizes to persons who have made significant contributions to the accomplishment⁴⁴ and transfer of the achievement.

　　Article 30 Where an enterprise or institution has succeeded in the transformation of a scientific and technological achievement， which has been made through research and development independently or in collaboration with other units， and put it into operation， it should set aside a proportion not less than five percent of newly added profit derived⁴⁵ from the exploitation of the achievement during a successive period of time from three to five years to grant prizes to persons who have made significant contributions to the accomplishment and transfer of the achievement.

　　Joint⁴⁶ stock enterprises may， in accordance with relevant state provisions， convert rewards or prizes into shares or capital contributions to grant to persons who have made significant contributions to research and development and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The holders are entitled to share profits in proportion to shares or capital contributions.

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Article 31 Anyone who， in violation⁴⁷ of the provisions in this Law， obtains awards and a honourable⁴⁸ title， cheats another one out of his money， seeks illegal gains by resorting to fraud in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements， shall be ordered to make correction， deprived of the awards and honourable title， with his illegal gains confiscated⁴⁹， and imposed upon a fine. If economic losses have been caused to others， he shall bear civil liability for compensation according to law. If a crime has been constituted， criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 32 Anyone who， in violation of the provisions in this Law， intentionally⁵⁰ provides false appraisal⁵¹ results and evaluation certificates when appraising⁵² or evaluating scientific and technological achievements， shall be ordered to make correction and given warning， with his illegal gains confiscated. The organizers of appraisal and evaluation institution shall be imposed upon a fine. If the circumstances are serious， his business licence and qualification certificate shall be revoked⁵³. If economic losses has been caused to others， he shall bear civil liability for compensation according to law.

　　Article 33 Personnel of administrative departments in charge of science and technology of people's governments at various levels and other competent departments who neglects his duty or practises favoritism for personal gains， shall be imposed upon disciplinary sanction； if a crime has been constituted， he shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

　　Article 34 Anyone who， in violation of the provisions in this Law， appropriates the scientific and technological achievement of another person by resorting to instigation， stealing， promising⁵⁴ of gain， coercion⁵⁵ or other means and thereby infringes⁵⁶ upon his legitimate rights and interests， shall bear civil liability for compensation according to law and may be imposed upon a fine； if a crime has been constituted， he shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

　　Article 35 Where anyone of staff members， in violation of the provisions in this Law， divulges⁵⁷ technological secrets of his unit， or transfers a job-related scientific and technological achievement without the authorization or in disguised form， or where any of participants in the transformation of scientific and technological achievement， in violation of the agreement concluded with his unit， engages in activities of transforming the same scientific and technological achievement as did when he was in the original unit during the specified period of time after he leaves his post， or leaves his post as a veteran cadre， or retires， he shall bear legal liability according to relevant provisions.

　　Article 36 An intermediary institution engaging in agency or intermediary service for technological trade， or personnel acting as a broker， who deceives principals， or conspires⁵⁸ with one of the parties to deceive the other party， shall be ordered to make correction and given warning， bear civil liability according to law， with illegal gains confiscated， and imposed upon a fine. If the circumstances are serious， its or his business licence and qualification certificate shall be revoked according to law. If a crime has been constituted， he shall be investigated for criminal liability.

　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 37 This Law comes into force as of October 1， 1996.

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收听单词发音

1 standing
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。 They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

2 promulgate
v.宣布；传播；颁布（法令、新法律等）
参考例句：
The king promulgate a decree.国王颁布了一项命令。 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code.航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。

3 promulgated
v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）
参考例句：
Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。来自辞典例句

4 implementation
n.实施，贯彻
参考例句：
Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

5 supplementary
adj.补充的，附加的
参考例句：
There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了，我们另外有供水的地方。 A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。

6 enacted
制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律 Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

7 transformation
n.变化；改造；转变
参考例句：
Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。 He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

8 technological
adj.技术的；工艺的
参考例句：
A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。 Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今，随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

9 thereby
adv.因此，从而
参考例句：
I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。 He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

10 mutual
adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的
参考例句：
We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。 Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

11 abide
vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受
参考例句：
You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。 If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

12 infringe
v.违反，触犯，侵害
参考例句：
The jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.陪审团裁决他没有违反任何规定。 He occasionally infringe the law by parking near a junction.他因偶尔将车停放在交叉口附近而违反规定。

13 administrative
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。 He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

14 coordinate
adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调
参考例句：
You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。 Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

15 specified
adj.特定的
参考例句：
The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。 It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。

16 coordination
n.协调，协作
参考例句：
Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。 The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

17 autonomous
adj.自治的；独立的
参考例句：
They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。 This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

18 economize
v.节约，节省
参考例句：
We're going to have to economize from now on. 从现在开始，我们不得不节约开支。 We have to economize on water during the dry season. 我们在旱季不得不节约用水。

19 adoption
n.采用，采纳，通过；收养
参考例句：
An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。 The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

20 inviting
adj.诱人的，引人注目的
参考例句：
An inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room.一股诱人的咖啡香味飘进了房间。 The kitchen smelled warm and inviting and blessedly familiar.这间厨房的味道温暖诱人，使人感到亲切温馨。

21 holders
支持物( holder的名词复数 )；持有者；（支票等）持有人；支托（或握持）…之物
参考例句：
Slaves were mercilessly ground down by slave holders. 奴隶受奴隶主的残酷压迫。 It is recognition of compassion's part that leads the up-holders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim. 正是对怜悯的作用有了认识，才使得死刑的提倡者指控主张废除死刑的人感情用事，同情谋杀犯胜过同情受害者。

22 authorizing
授权，批准，委托( authorize的现在分词 )
参考例句：
Letters of Marque: Take letters from a warning friendly power authorizing privateering. 私掠许可证：从某一个国家获得合法抢劫的证书。 Formal phavee completion does not include authorizing the subsequent phavee. 阶段的正式完成不包括核准随后的阶段。

23 appraised
v.估价( appraise的过去式和过去分词 )；估计；估量；评价
参考例句：
The teacher appraised the pupil's drawing. 老师评价了那个学生的画。来自《简明英汉词典》 He appraised the necklace at ￡1000. 据他估计，项链价值1000英镑。来自《简明英汉词典》

24 collaboration
n.合作，协作；勾结
参考例句：
The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。 He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。

25 demonstration
n.表明，示范，论证，示威
参考例句：
His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。 He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

26 accomplished
adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的
参考例句：
Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。 Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

27 legitimate
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。 That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

28 stipulate
vt.规定，（作为条件）讲定，保证
参考例句：
International rules stipulate the number of foreign entrants.国际规则规定了外国参赛者的人数。 Some manufacturers stipulate the price at which their goods are to be sold.有些制造商规定出售他们生产的商品的价格。

29 evaluation
n.估价，评价；赋值
参考例句：
I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。 The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。

30 acting
n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的
参考例句：
Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。 During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

31 broker
n.中间人，经纪人；v.作为中间人来安排
参考例句：
He baited the broker by promises of higher commissions.他答应给更高的佣金来引诱那位经纪人。 I'm a real estate broker.我是不动产经纪人。

32 procure
vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条
参考例句：
Can you procure some specimens for me?你能替我弄到一些标本吗？ I'll try my best to procure you that original French novel.我将尽全力给你搞到那本原版法国小说。

33 demonstrations
证明( demonstration的名词复数 )；表明；表达；游行示威
参考例句：
Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。 The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

34 coordinated
adj.协调的
参考例句：
The sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。 The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

35 systematic
adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的
参考例句：
The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。 The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

36 appropriations
n.挪用（appropriation的复数形式）
参考例句：
More commonly, funding controls are imposed in the annual appropriations process. 更普遍的作法是，拨款控制被规定在年度拨款手续中。来自英汉非文学 - 行政法 Should the president veto the appropriations bill, it goes back to Congress. 假如总统否决了这项拨款提案，就把它退还给国会。来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

37 fixed
adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的
参考例句：
Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？ Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

38 subsidies
n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )
参考例句：
European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。 Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。来自《简明英汉词典》

39 formulate
v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述
参考例句：
He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌，清楚地做了回答。 I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。

40 specify
vt.指定，详细说明
参考例句：
We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。 Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

41 confidential
adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的
参考例句：
He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。 We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。

42 divulge
v.泄漏(秘密等)；宣布，公布
参考例句：
They refused to divulge where they had hidden the money.他们拒绝说出他们把钱藏在什么地方。 He swore never to divulge the secret.他立誓决不泄露秘密。

43 authorization
n.授权，委任状
参考例句：
Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。 You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

44 accomplishment
n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能
参考例句：
The series of paintings is quite an accomplishment.这一系列的绘画真是了不起的成就。 Money will be crucial to the accomplishment of our objectives.要实现我们的目标，钱是至关重要的。

45 derived
vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
参考例句：
Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。来自《简明英汉词典》 He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。来自《简明英汉词典》

46 joint
adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合
参考例句：
I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。 We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

47 violation
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。 He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

48 honourable
adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的
参考例句：
I don't think I am worthy of such an honourable title.这样的光荣称号，我可担当不起。 I hope to find an honourable way of settling difficulties.我希望设法找到一个体面的办法以摆脱困境。

49 confiscated
没收，充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。 The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。

50 intentionally
ad.故意地，有意地
参考例句：
I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。 The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

51 appraisal
n.对…作出的评价；评价，鉴定，评估
参考例句：
What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的？ We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。

52 appraising
v.估价( appraise的现在分词 )；估计；估量；评价
参考例句：
At the appraising meeting, experts stated this method was superior to others. 鉴定会上，专家们指出这种方法优于其他方法。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 The teacher is appraising the students' work. 老师正在评定学生的作业。来自辞典例句

53 revoked
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销，取消，废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付，结算可以撤销。来自辞典例句 A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。来自辞典例句

54 promising
adj.有希望的，有前途的
参考例句：
The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。 We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

55 coercion
n.强制，高压统治
参考例句：
Neither trickery nor coercion is used to secure confessions.既不诱供也不逼供。 He paid the money under coercion.他被迫付钱。

56 infringes
v.违反（规章等）( infringe的第三人称单数 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等）
参考例句：
Congressmen may be reluctant to vote for legislation that infringes the traditional prerogatives of the states. 美国国会议员可能不情愿投票拥护侵犯各州传统特权的立法。来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法 I can't say whether CP21 infringes it or not. 我就不能说CP21是否侵犯了SPOT的专利。来自企业管理英语口语（第二版）(2)

57 divulges
v.吐露，泄露( divulge的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
Teri divulges to Alan York that she and Jack had been separated. 泰瑞向阿伦透露，她和杰克曾经分居过。来自互联网 Pertinent information source divulges this system be on original telephone call to pay the function. 相关消息来源透露该系统将基于原有的电话支付宝功能。来自互联网

58 conspires
密谋( conspire的第三人称单数 )；搞阴谋；（事件等）巧合；共同导致
参考例句：
You speak as if all Sparta conspires against you. 你说得好像整个斯巴达在共谋对抗你。 The mystical organization syndicate, conspires to harass the social order. 神秘组织辛迪加，密谋扰乱社会治安。

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