国务院办公厅转发国家计委国家科委关于进一步推动实施中国21世纪
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
 

国办发(1996)31号
(July 19, 1996)
颁布日期:19960719  实施日期:19960719  颁布单位:国务院办公厅

  The State Council has agreed to the Suggestions of the State Planning Commission and the State Science and Technology Commission on further Promoting the Implementation2 of the China Agenda for the 21st Century, and hereby transmits it to you for your conscientious3 implementation in the light of local and departmental situations.

  APPENDIX: SUGGESTIONS ON FURTHER PROMOTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHINA AGENDA FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

  With a view to conscientiously4 implementing5 the gist6 of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Party and the Fourth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, carrying out the prescriptions7 of the Circular of the State Council on the Implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st Century, the White Book of China on Population, Environment and Development in the 21st Century, and further promoting the execution of the China Agenda for the 21st Century, the following suggestions are hereby put forward:

  1、to make the sustainable development an important strategy in the construction of modernization8

  (1) Sustainable development means that consideration should be given to the needs for both present and future development and development in the interest of the present generation should not be achieved at the expense of future generation's interests. Sustainable development also means coordinated9 development of population, economy, society, resources and environment, that is to say, while the goal of economic development is pursued, natural resources and environment on which the human beings rely for existence should be protected so that our future generations could enjoy the development forever, live in harmony and work contentedly10.

  (2) The approach of sustainable development is a inevitable11 choice for our country's construction of modernization. Our country has a large population. Per capita resources are of a small quantity. Economy and technology are at relatively12 low level. With the growth of population and the development of economy, many places suffer from serious environmental pollution and worsening of ecological13 environment. Therefore, great value should be attached to population control, resources saving and environmental protection. The growth of population should conform with the development of social productivity. In this way economic construction and social progress could be coordinated with population, resources and environment, and a virtuous14 cycle could be realized.

  (3) The China Agenda for the 21st Century has laid down, in the light of our country's circumstances, general strategies, policies and executive programmes for sustainable development, and is an instructive document for smooth development of our economy and society into the 21st century. The strategy of sustainable development is of significant value for economic, social development and even for the whole modernization construction over the next 15 years.

  2. to realize the China agenda for the 21st Century so as to promote the basic transformations16 of economic system and economic growth form

  (1) Both the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Party and the Fourth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress emphasized the point that the future work on economy shall ensure for two basic transformations of economic system and economic growth form that are of overall significance. Under the socialist17 market economy system, giving full play to the basic role of the market in resources distribution will help raise the efficiency of resources exploitation and reduce material consumption and is therefore beneficial to environmental and resources protection. On the other hand, the spontaneity and blindness of the market will to some extent hamper18 the coordinated development of economy, resources and environment. In the course of the implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st century, full play should be given to the basic role of the market in resources distribution while macro-control shall also be strengthened so as to promote the basic transformation15 of economic system and economic growth form.

  (2) The implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st Century shall be combined with carrying out the gist of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Party and the Fourth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress. Establishment of such an enterprise operational system should be promoted that helps save resources, reduce consumption, increase efficiency and improve environment, as well as establishment of a technological19 advance mechanism20 that conduces to self reliance, and an economic operational mechanism that encourages fair competition on market and optimum distribution of resources. By this way the economy and society of our country could be advanced to the pattern of sustainable development.

  (3) The China Agenda for the 21st Century emphasizes the positive role of technological advance in the fields of population, economy, society, resources and environment. Each locality and each department should attach great importance to the work of technological advance and adopt vigorous measures to promote transformation of scientific and technological achievements and development of technology in respect of clean production, clean sources of energy and effective utilization21 of energy resources as well as technology of rational resources exploitation, comprehensive resources utilization and environmental protection. Much effort should be made to do soft science research on key construction projects, regions and industries in order to lend scientific and technological support to people's governments at different levels in economic and social administration.

  (4) The principle of practising economy at the same time of exploiting resources should be followed in economic and social development. Saving of land, water, energy, raw materials and food must be required in production, construction, circulation, consumption and other activities. Occupation and consumption of resources should be reduced by every possible means and efficiency of use of resources, energy and raw materials be raised by a big margin22, and pollution arising from production be reduced and eliminated. Each locality and each department shall, in accordance with the requirements for sustainable development and within the framework of the Ninth-Five-Year Plan on National Economy and Social Development and Outlines of Long-Term Objectives in Perspective of the Year 2010, formulate23 detailed24 programmes and measures for economizing25 on resources by stages and implement1 them seriously in their routine duties.

  (5) People's governments at different levels shall regard the implementation of the sustainable development strategy as a major means to transform agricultural growth form. By combining this task with the construction of agricultural, forestry26 and hydraulic27 infrastructure28 and the popularization of “high yield, quality and efficiency” engineering and ecological agriculture, they could adjust the agricultural structure, optimize29 the combination of productive elements, step out the application of scientific and technological achievements for agricultural development, protect agricultural ecological environment, promote the sustainable utilization of agricultural resources and advance comprehensive agricultural productive forces for the purpose of lead agriculture to a sustainable development path.

  (6) People's governments at different levels should conscientiously observe laws and regulations on resources management and environmental protection, reinforce enforcement of law, take different and effective measures to strictly30 control occupation of arable31 land by construction, prevent from desertization of land and deterioration32 of grassland33strenuously34 enlarge coverage35 of forest vegetation, rationally utilize36 and protect water and marine37 resources, and gradually improve ecological environment. Control over environmental pollution in cities and towns shall be strengthened, especially in seriously polluted cities or districts which should be the focal points of work, with a view to ensuring the realization38 of objectives on environmental protection as laid down in the Ninth-Five-Year Plan on National Economy and Social Development and Outlines of Long-Term Objectives in Perspective of the Year 2010.

  3. to introduce the basic gist and contents of the China Agenda for the 21st Century into all regional and departmental plans for national economy and social development

  (1) All localities and departments should, in accordance with the requirements of the State Council, include the basic gist and contents of the China Agenda for the 21st Century in their respective regional or departmental plan for national economy and social development, and, in the light of their own characteristics and major issues they are faced with, make detailed action programmes for sustainable development.

  (2) The China Agenda for the 21st Century should be carried out by stages through national economy and social development planning. People's governments at different levels and relevant departments of the State Council should vigorously create conditions and render priority to major projects for fixed39 assets investment that are conducive40 to the realization of sustainable development strategy. Examination and approval of fixed assets investment shall be conducted in terms of requirements of sustainable development strategy. Those that do not meet the requirements should be modified and improved, and may not be granted approval otherwise.

  (3) People's governments at different levels and relevant departments of the State Council should take into full consideration the requirements of sustainable development proposed in the China Agenda for the 21st Century when making decisions concerning social development and economic growth, and make assessment41 on economic and social development policies and plans in terms of strategic ideas of sustainable development so as to avoid gross mistakes.

  (4) All localities should construct cities and towns under the guidance of sustainable development strategy. They should properly continue their trials and go on to do more comprehensive experiments with sustainable development strategy, on selected administrative42 districts of a new group of small-, medium- and large-sized towns and cities, which boast relative economic strength and have typical and representative value as models so that a city development pattern with Chinese characteristics could be found out. During the course of trials, special attention should be paid to sustainable development of impoverished43 regions.

  (5) All localities and departments should strengthen leadership over the implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st Century, specify44 administrative organs held responsible for the work within their jurisdiction45 and improve the comprehensive coordination46 competence47. They should arrange necessary funds for the implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st Century and provide necessary working conditions.

  4. to inspire the sustainable development ideology48 in all the people and to establish and perfect corresponding mechanisms49

  (1) Education on sustainable development strategy should be strengthened. Educational departments at different levels should introduce the strategic ideology of sustainable development into the whole education process from primary to higher learning. Primary and high schools should have such contents as population control, sustainable application of resources and environmental protection included in relevant courses and after-class readings. The subject of sustainable development should be listed in the curriculum of higher education and adult education.

  (2) Publicity50 and dissemination51 of sustainable development science and technology should be strengthened. The State Planning Commission and the State Science and Technology Commission should as soon as possible compile popular readings on the China Agenda for the 21st Century. People's governments at different levels should make plans for dissemination, make full use of local mass media such as television, film, broadcasting, newspapers, journals and books to vigorously spread the strategic ideology of sustainable development. They should also organize, in conjunction with the Five-Ones-Project for socialist spiritual civilization construction, the creation of a group of excellent works to demonstrate the strategic ideology of sustainable development. Different academic departments and research societies should mobilize experts and academicians to participate in popularization of the sustainable development strategy.

  (3) Management cadres, particularly leading cadres at different levels should be trained with sustainable development theories. Different regions and departments should, through cadre training schools, workshops and lectures etc., inspire the China Agenda for the 21st Century into cadres at different levels so that they could improve knowledge and understanding of sustainable development strategy.

  (4) Relevant statutes52 and policies regarding sustainable development strategy should be considered, formulated53 and revised. Research on theories of sustainable development should be conducted and an information system of international connection should be gradually developed. Where conditions permit, localities or departments may, in the light of their practical circumstances, design a sustainable development index and try its application within the localities or departments. In the course of the implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st Century, different regions and department should strengthen information communication and exchange of experiences.

  (5) Relevant mechanisms should be established so as to guarantee the smooth execution of the China Agenda for the 21st Century. A series of management procedures should be studied, formulated, improved and perfected, including procedures through which the strategic ideas of sustainable development could be absorbed by decision-making processes, and procedures regarding the assessment of economic and social development policies and projects in terms of sustainable development requirements. By this way relevant contents of the China Agenda for the 21st Century could be smoothly54 executed. Where conditions permit, reports on national economy and social development should also include a special topic on the assessment of implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st Century. Planning administrative organs of different departments and local people's governments shall be held in charge of overall assessment of sustainable development.

  5. to strengthen international cooperation to facilitate the execution of the China Agenda for the 21st Century

  (1) Sustainable development is an inevitable requirement for development of human society, and has become a major common concern of international community. With sustainable development being now a hot field for international cooperation, different localities and departments should take full advantage of the opportunity and, through wide propaganda, broaden international cooperation channels so as to pursue international aid and support, extensively attract foreign investment, and facilitate the implementation of the China Agenda for the 21st Century.

  (2) Attempts for international cooperation should reflect the point that our country highly values the strategy of sustainable development. Relevant model projects and construction projects intended to improve our country's competence for sustainable development should be included in different national plans for international cooperation.



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1 implement WcdzG     
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
参考例句:
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
2 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
3 conscientious mYmzr     
adj.审慎正直的,认真的,本着良心的
参考例句:
  • He is a conscientious man and knows his job.他很认真负责,也很懂行。
  • He is very conscientious in the performance of his duties.他非常认真地履行职责。
4 conscientiously 3vBzrQ     
adv.凭良心地;认真地,负责尽职地;老老实实
参考例句:
  • He kept silent,eating just as conscientiously but as though everything tasted alike. 他一声不吭,闷头吃着,仿佛桌上的饭菜都一个味儿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She discharged all the responsibilities of a minister conscientiously. 她自觉地履行部长的一切职责。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 implementing be68540dfa000a0fb38be40d32259215     
v.实现( implement的现在分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句
6 gist y6ayC     
n.要旨;梗概
参考例句:
  • Can you give me the gist of this report?你能告诉我这个报告的要点吗?
  • He is quick in grasping the gist of a book.他敏于了解书的要点。
7 prescriptions f0b231c0bb45f8e500f32e91ec1ae602     
药( prescription的名词复数 ); 处方; 开处方; 计划
参考例句:
  • The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。
  • Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。
8 modernization nEyxp     
n.现代化,现代化的事物
参考例句:
  • This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
  • The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。
9 coordinated 72452d15f78aec5878c1559a1fbb5383     
adj.协调的
参考例句:
  • The sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。
  • The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
10 contentedly a0af12176ca79b27d4028fdbaf1b5f64     
adv.心满意足地
参考例句:
  • My father sat puffing contentedly on his pipe.父亲坐着心满意足地抽着烟斗。
  • "This is brother John's writing,"said Sally,contentedly,as she opened the letter.
11 inevitable 5xcyq     
adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
参考例句:
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
12 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
13 ecological IrRxX     
adj.生态的,生态学的
参考例句:
  • The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
  • Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.
14 virtuous upCyI     
adj.有品德的,善良的,贞洁的,有效力的
参考例句:
  • She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性,人人都尊敬她。
  • My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。
15 transformation SnFwO     
n.变化;改造;转变
参考例句:
  • Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
  • He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。
16 transformations dfc3424f78998e0e9ce8980c12f60650     
n.变化( transformation的名词复数 );转换;转换;变换
参考例句:
  • Energy transformations go on constantly, all about us. 在我们周围,能量始终在不停地转换着。 来自辞典例句
  • On the average, such transformations balance out. 平均起来,这种转化可以互相抵消。 来自辞典例句
17 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者;adj.社会主义的
参考例句:
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
18 hamper oyGyk     
vt.妨碍,束缚,限制;n.(有盖的)大篮子
参考例句:
  • There are some apples in a picnic hamper.在野餐用的大篮子里有许多苹果。
  • The emergence of such problems seriously hamper the development of enterprises.这些问题的出现严重阻碍了企业的发展。
19 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
20 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
21 utilization Of0zMC     
n.利用,效用
参考例句:
  • Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
  • Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式,完全驳倒了这种想象。
22 margin 67Mzp     
n.页边空白;差额;余地,余裕;边,边缘
参考例句:
  • We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
  • The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。
23 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
24 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
25 economizing 133cb886367309b0ad7a7e8c52e349e6     
v.节省,减少开支( economize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Strengthing Management of Economizing Electricity Enhancing BenefIt'step by Step. 强化节电管理效益逐上台阶。 来自互联网
  • We should lose no time in increasing production and economizing. 六、抓紧增产节约。 来自互联网
26 forestry 8iBxk     
n.森林学;林业
参考例句:
  • At present, the Chinese forestry is being at a significant transforming period. 当前, 我国的林业正处于一个重大的转折时期。
  • Anhua is one of the key forestry counties in Hunan province. 安化县是湖南省重点林区县之一。
27 hydraulic AcDzt     
adj.水力的;水压的,液压的;水力学的
参考例句:
  • The boat has no fewer than five hydraulic pumps.这艘船配有不少于5个液压泵。
  • A group of apprentics were operating the hydraulic press.一群学徒正在开动水压机。
28 infrastructure UbBz5     
n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
参考例句:
  • We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
  • We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
29 optimize WIoxY     
v.使优化 [=optimise]
参考例句:
  • We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees.优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。
  • We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment.优化进口结构,着重引进先进技术和关键设备。
30 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
31 arable vNuyi     
adj.可耕的,适合种植的
参考例句:
  • The terrain changed quickly from arable land to desert.那个地带很快就从耕地变成了沙漠。
  • Do you know how much arable land has been desolated?你知道什么每年有多少土地荒漠化吗?
32 deterioration yvvxj     
n.退化;恶化;变坏
参考例句:
  • Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长,心智和体力自然衰退。
  • The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。
33 grassland 0fCxG     
n.牧场,草地,草原
参考例句:
  • There is a reach of grassland in the distance.远处是连绵一片的草原。
  • The snowstorm swept the vast expanse of grassland.暴风雪袭击了辽阔的草原。
34 strenuously Jhwz0k     
adv.奋发地,费力地
参考例句:
  • The company has strenuously defended its decision to reduce the workforce. 公司竭力为其裁员的决定辩护。
  • She denied the accusation with some warmth, ie strenuously, forcefully. 她有些激动,竭力否认这一指责。
35 coverage nvwz7v     
n.报导,保险范围,保险额,范围,覆盖
参考例句:
  • There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
  • This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。
36 utilize OiPwz     
vt.使用,利用
参考例句:
  • The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup.厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
  • You must utilize all available resources.你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。
37 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
38 realization nTwxS     
n.实现;认识到,深刻了解
参考例句:
  • We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
  • He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。
39 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
40 conducive hppzk     
adj.有益的,有助的
参考例句:
  • This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
  • Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。
41 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
42 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
43 impoverished 1qnzcL     
adj.穷困的,无力的,用尽了的v.使(某人)贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 );使(某物)贫瘠或恶化
参考例句:
  • the impoverished areas of the city 这个城市的贫民区
  • They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
44 specify evTwm     
vt.指定,详细说明
参考例句:
  • We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
  • Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。
45 jurisdiction La8zP     
n.司法权,审判权,管辖权,控制权
参考例句:
  • It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
  • Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。
46 coordination Ho8zt     
n.协调,协作
参考例句:
  • Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
  • The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好,使演出更具魅力。
47 competence NXGzV     
n.能力,胜任,称职
参考例句:
  • This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
  • These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。
48 ideology Scfzg     
n.意识形态,(政治或社会的)思想意识
参考例句:
  • The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
  • The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。
49 mechanisms d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8     
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
参考例句:
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
50 publicity ASmxx     
n.众所周知,闻名;宣传,广告
参考例句:
  • The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
  • He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事,只当它是一种宣传手法。
51 dissemination dissemination     
传播,宣传,传染(病毒)
参考例句:
  • The dissemination of error does people great harm. 谬种流传,误人不浅。
  • He was fully bent upon the dissemination of Chinese culture all over the world. 他一心致力于向全世界传播中国文化。
52 statutes 2e67695e587bd14afa1655b870b4c16e     
成文法( statute的名词复数 ); 法令; 法规; 章程
参考例句:
  • The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • Each agency is also restricted by the particular statutes governing its activities. 各个机构的行为也受具体法令限制。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
53 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
54 smoothly iiUzLG     
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
参考例句:
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
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