（December 24， 1996）
颁布日期：19961224 　实施日期：19961224 　颁布单位：国务院

　　The Quality Invigoration Programme （1996-2010） is hereby distributed for your earnest implementation³.

　　APPENDIX： THE QUALITY INVIGORATION PROGRAMME （1996-2010）

　　The Quality Invigoration Programme （1996-2010） is promulgated⁴ for the purpose of implementing⁵ the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the 2010 Programme of Prospective⁶ Objectives of the National Economy and Social Development of the People's Republic of China， upgrading the overall levels of the quality of products， projects and services of our country and providing guidance to the work concerning quality.

　　1. The Present Status and Situation

　　（1） Great progress has been achieved in the work concerning quality in China since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening up. Vast number of enterprises has laid a certain material foundation for the improvement of quality by relying on technological⁷ advancement⁸， improving technical equipment， strengthening administration and practising scientific management. Formulation of rules and regulations and cultivation⁹ of professional ethics¹⁰ have been stepped up， propagation and education of quality has been universally conducted， while quality consciousness of the whole people and the quality of workers and staff members have been considerably¹¹ raised. Laws and regulations relating to quality have been constantly perfected， the work concerning quality has gradually embarked¹² on the track of legality and the external environment to push the enterprises in the improvement of quality is gradually taking shape.

　　（2） At present， the overall levels of the quality of products， projects and services of our country still fall short of satisfying the requirements of increasing improvement in the living standards of the people and the constant development of the society and there still exists a quite large gap compared to the economically developed countries which manifests itself mainly in the following： poor quality of a number of raw materials， basic components¹³ and other products， serious loss resulting from sub-standard products in the production process； the quality of a number of projects falls short of the requirements of national standards， irrationality¹⁴ in some project designs and equipment selection， poor quality in construction and there even exist hidden structural¹⁵ defects； big fluctuations¹⁶ in service quality， failure of post sales service of commodities to keep up with the sales； low standards in quality control， in completion in rules and regulations and weak self-discipline in quite a number of enterprises； lack of effective means of quality control， and legal system has yet to be further perfected and strengthened.

　　（3） The question of quality is a strategic issue in economic development. Quality standards are the overall reflection of a country's level of economy， science and technology， education and administration. It has become one of the important factors affecting the development of the national economy and foreign trade. The two basic transformations¹⁸ must be carried out at an accelerated pace， and levels of quality of products， projects and services of our country upgraded as quickly as possible so as to satisfy the requirements of increasing improvement in the living standards of the people and the constant development of the society， enhance competitive capability¹⁹ and promote the development of the national economy and the society of our country.

　　2. Main Objectives

　　（4） Main objectives of quality invigoration are as follows： effect a basic upgrade in the overall quality of major industries and quality control level of the enterprises of our country through five to fifteen years of efforts with a view to making new strides in the quality of products， projects and services of our country. Major results shall be achieved in the following areas：

　　——by 2000， marked improvement in the overall quality of major industries and initial formation of a number of key industries and a batch²⁰ of big enterprises and enterprise groups with capabilities²¹ of international competition. By 2010， overall quality of major industries shall basically meet the requirements of international competition.

　　——by 2000， production of over 75% of major industrial products shall be organized according to international standards or advanced overseas standards with marked increase in the ratio of excellent products reaching advanced international standards and marked improvement in post sales service of products； the pass rate of key products of the state in sample inspection²² of comparable follow-up supervision²³ shall reach over 90%； the pass rate of export products leaving the factories shall reach 100%； quality of products and services of major industries shall basically reach national standards. By 2010， production of over 85% of major industrial products shall be organized according to international standards or advanced overseas standards with drastic increase in the ratio of excellent products reaching advanced international standards and formation of standardized²⁵ post sales service network； the pass rate of key products of the state in sample inspection of comparable follow-up supervision shall be stabilized²⁶ at over 95%； bringing into being a number of well-known brand products with capabilities of international competition； quality of products and services of major industries shall be close to or reach advanced international standards. To this end， particular attention should be paid to the quality of four categories of key products： raw materials， basic components， major equipment and consumer goods.

　　The raw materials category： by 2000， quality of products of such major raw materials industries as coal， iron and steel， non-ferrous metals and chemical industries shall all reach national standards with the quality of a certain percentage of the products reaching advanced overseas standards. By 2010， quality of 1/3-1/2 of the products of major raw materials shall reach the average standards of the developed countries with the quality of a number of important raw materials reaching advanced international standards.

　　The basic components category： by 2000， efforts shall be exerted for the overall level of the quality of such basic components as mechanical and electronic components to reach the level of the developed countries in the early 1990s， with drastic improvement in the reliability²⁷ of basic mechanical components and an average improvement by one figure grade in the reliability of electronic components and breakthrough in the quality of key automotive parts and components and the complete-vehicle matching capability. By 2010， efforts shall be made for the quality of such basic components as mechanical and electronic components to approach the average level of the developed countries.

　　The major equipment category： by 2000， safety performance targets of all major equipment in machinery²⁸， electronic and petro-chemical industries shall reach compulsory²⁹ standards of the state. By 2010， complete-machine reliability of major equipment in machinery， electronic and petro-chemical industries shall approach or reach the average standards of the developed countries.

　　The consumer goods category： by 2000， quality， safety and hygiene³⁰ targets of major products in the consumer goods category shall all meet compulsory standards of the state， and technical quality targets and complete-machine reliability of major durable³¹ consumer goods shall approach or reach the average standards of the developed countries. By 2010， quality， safety and hygiene targets of major products in the consumer goods category shall meet international standards and the technical quality targets and complete-machine reliability of major durable consumer goods shall approach or meet advanced international standards， and bring into being a number of well-known brand products with strong power in international competition.

　　——quality of projects： by 2000， quality of projects handed over for use upon completion of construction must meet the national standards or the requirements of specifications³². Integrated trial run and acceptance of large- and medium-size construction projects shall qualify in one go and ensure continuous production or normal use. The pass rate of one-stop acceptance of other projects shall reach 90% among which over 35% shall be in the range of excellence³³. By 2010， quality of all projects upon completion shall meet the national standards or requirements of specifications. The pass rate of one-stop acceptance of projects other than those large- and medium-size construction projects shall reach 96% among which the rate of excellence shall reach over 40%.

　　——quality of services： by 2000， all such traditional and emerging service industries as railway， communications， civil aviation， commerce， tourism， medical service and public health as well as banking³⁴， insurance， real estate and information consultancy shall follow the national standards for quality of services and realize initially³⁵ institutionalization， procedures and standardization³⁶ in quality of services. By 2010， quality of services shall basically reach international standards.

　　3. Enhancement of Quality Awareness³⁷ of the Whole People and Improvement of the Quality of Workers

　　（5） Strengthening quality-related legal education and enhancing the sense of legality about quality. Diverse forms shall be adopted to popularize the education of knowledge of quality-related laws and regulations to enhance the sense of legality of the whole people. Enterprises shall fulfil statutory obligations with regard to quality in real earnest and engage in production and operation in accordance with law； the broad masses of users and consumers shall safeguard their own lawful³⁸ rights and interests in accordance with law by availing themselves of quality-related laws and regulations.

　　（6） Improvement of the quality of workers shall be an important link in the upgrade of quality. Earnest efforts shall be made to step up the education of operators， workers and staff members of enterprises in quality awareness and knowledge of quality control， and training of workers and staff members in working skills actively³⁹ conducted. Universities and colleges where conditions are ripe shall set up quality control curriculum and train personnel for the work of quality control. Training institutions for quality control at all levels shall be established and perfected， and education and training in quality shall be conducted at different tiers. Education in quality shall be an important content in the training and enhancing working skills in all types of vocational schools and on-job training of workers and staff members； middle and primary school education shall also contain a certain amount of education in quality.

　　（7） Giving full play to news media， organizations of the industries and societies of the masses in public opinion motivation and supervision. Activities such as “The Month of Quality”， “The 10000 Li Tour on Quality” and “March 15 Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests” shall continue to be conducted to motivate the broad masses of people to dedicate themselves to the cause of quality invigoration， bringing about an environment and atmosphere in which the whole society pays attention to quality.

　　4. Strengthening Administration and Policy Guidance

　　（8） The people's governments of all localities and the competent departments under the State Council should carry out their administrative⁴⁰ responsibilities in real earnest， conduct administration in accordance with law， strengthen leadership and management over the work of quality， enhance the scientific reliability and effectiveness in quality control， and create a good external environment for quality invigoration in guidance， coordination⁴¹， supervision and service.

　　（9） Upgrading the quality of products by way of technological advancement. The principle of “supporting the strong on merits” shall be adhered to， efforts for technical transformation¹⁷ intensified⁴²， and technical contents increased to promote key industries， key enterprises and key products to achieve higher standards in quality. Joint⁴³ tackling of scientific and technological problems should be actively organized to overcome weak links in the quality of products； quality of products produced by utilizing⁴⁴ introduced technology or transformed technology should meet international standards or advanced overseas standards； quality of newly-developed products should meet international standards or advanced overseas standards.

　　（10） Adjusting the structure of products and improving the quality of products. Policy restraints on the economic scale and technical level of the investment projects shall be strengthened. Key support shall be provided to the production of a number of leading products having higher quality and market competition edge. The state shall， at regular intervals⁴⁵， publish catalogues of products restricted in or banned from production and gradually phase out products of high energy consumption and serious pollution.

　　（11） Stepping up supervision and control over large-scale purchasing activities. The state shall practise standardized administration of procurement⁴⁶ of major equipment and government purchasing activities by clearly defining the responsibilities relating to quality in purchasing activities so as to ensure the quality of procured⁴⁷ products.

　　（12） Implementing the well-known brand development strategy to invigorate national industries. Encouragement shall be given to enterprises to manufacture products of fine quality and support shall be provided to enterprises where conditions are ripe for the creation of well-known brand products. The state shall formulate⁴⁸ the well-known brand development strategy， and encourage enterprises to carry out transregional and trans industrial association in striving for the creation of internationally known brand products with strong power in international competition. Rules for quality reward shall be formulated⁴⁹ in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Quality of Products.

　　5. Stepping up Legislation and Intensifying⁵⁰ Efforts in Law Enforcement and Supervision

　　（13） Perfection of legislation on quality. Acceleration⁵¹ of legislation on quality control and further perfection of quality control regulations.

　　（14） Intensification⁵² of quality supervision. Supervision over the quality of key industries， key products and major construction projects as well as urban and rural housing projects shall be strengthened. Protection of intellectual property rights shall be reinforced and crackdown on acts of encroachment⁵³ on patent rights and trademark⁵⁴ rights conducted. Production licensing⁵⁵ control shall be tightened⁵⁶ and efforts to check and deal with products without production licences intensified. Efforts of sample inspection by the state supervision shall be stepped up and post supervisory sample inspection processing shall be handled properly by employing economic， legal and administrative means so as to improve the efficacy of supervision. Severe punishment shall be meted⁵⁷ out to illegal acts of production and sale of imitated， fake and inferior commodities in accordance with law， severe sanctions shall be imposed on those responsible for the cover-up of and connivance⁵⁸ at the production and sale of imitated， fake and inferior commodities and local protectionism or departmental protectionism shall be firmly rooted out.

　　（15） Establishment and perfection of a mechanism⁵⁹ for quality-related law enforcement and supervision to improve the standards of law enforcement. Rules of law enforcement， supervision and inspection shall be worked out and supervision and inspection of the implementation of quality-related laws and regulations stepped up， and acts of handling cases not according to law， being not strict in law enforcement， not investigating cases in violation⁶⁰ of law and abuse of power shall be firmly investigated and punished.

　　（16） Strengthening the building of the quality-related law-enforcement force. Education and training of law-enforcing personnel shall be stepped up， quality of law-enforcing personnel constantly improved， supervisory means perfected and integrated law enforcement capability upgraded so as to raise the authority and efficacy of law enforcement.

　　6. Completion of Market Quality Rules and Perfection of Social Supervision Mechanism

　　（17） Establishing and completing quality standards of commodity markets. The commodity markets shall establish a quality supervision and control mechanism， work out standardized procedures for the handling of the quality problem of commodities and gradually form a perfect quality supervision system. Commodities entering into market distribution must bear standardized quality marks. Commercial enterprises shall， in real earnest， strengthen quality inspection of in-coming commodities during acceptance and fulfil responsibilities with respect to commodity quality in accordance with law.

　　（18） Establishing and perfecting the national quality authentication⁶¹ system. The state shall exercise unified⁶² administration of quality authentication according to law， formulate regulations relating to quality authentication， approve authentication offices and laboratories， and register and administer examination and evaluation⁶³ personnel. It shall practise product quality authentication and quality system authentication according to rules in international practice， and exercise supervision and control over authentication. International bilateral⁶⁴ and multilateral mutual⁶⁵ authentication of quality authentication shall be actively promoted.

　　（19） Perfecting the quality control systems for projects. Construction of projects shall practise the responsibility system of the legal person of the project， the system of tender and tender bidding， the system of project supervision and the system of contract management. Large- and medium-size construction projects and key national projects shall practise the system of construction supervision； the system of equipment supervision shall be established for complete set of equipment in key construction projects on the basis of the responsibility system of the legal person of the project.

　　（20） Promotion⁶⁶ of product quality insurance. On the basis of promoting the enterprises to establish and perfect quality control systems and conduct product quality risk evaluation and in accordance with the principle of voluntary insurance on the part of the enterprises， product responsibility insurance and product quality assurance insurance shall be carried out and a new mechanism of quality assurance and supervision brought into force.

　　（21） Establishment and perfection of product mark system. In line with international practice and characteristics of different products， the system of various marks shall be followed， including product safety marks， production licence marks， warning marks， characteristics marks， authentication marks， anti imitation marks and insurance marks. The departments concerned shall exercise supervision and control over the said marks.

　　（22） Active conduct of the work of quality complaints and quality arbitration⁶⁷ and inspection. The departments and units concerned shall， in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations， accept quality complaints and quality arbitration and inspection， mediate⁶⁸ in quality-related disputes and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of users， consumers and enterprises.

　　（23） Giving full play to the role of intermediate agencies. Building of such intermediate agencies as those of quality inspection and calculation and measurement testing shall be stepped up and the work of notarial⁶⁹ inspection testing， market commodity inspection， insured commodity risk evaluation， as well as procurement acceptance inspection and project and equipment supervision be actively conducted. Agencies of product quality authentication and quality system authentication shall be perfected to provide effective service for enterprises to participate in market competition. Consultancy services agencies shall actively provide standardized consultancy services for the society as to quality policy， control， evaluation and examination， authentication， regulations as well as standards， calculations and measurements and information. All types of social organizations shall play the role of social supervision over quality and chambers⁷⁰ of commerce and associations of industries shall exercise self-discipline. Services such as social quality propagation， education and technical consultancy shall be actively undertaken.

　　Governments at all levels shall strengthen control over intermediate agencies and standardize²⁴ the conduct of intermediate agencies. Intermediate agencies shall pass qualification confirmation⁷¹ in accordance with law， establish self-disciplined operation mechanism according to market rules and undertake corresponding responsibilities in accordance with law.

　　7. Solidification⁷² of the Foundation of Enterprises and Enforcement of Strict Internal Quality Control

　　（24） Enterprises should build up scientific quality concept in line with the rules of market economy. The concept of “Quality First” should be firmly built up， sense of competition， sense of risks and sense of legality enhanced. Enterprises should actively look to the market and subject themselves to the supervision of users， society and government； activities such as “transformation of mechanism， enforcement of management， upgrading of built-in functions and increment⁷³ of efficiency”， “invigoration of the industry through quality” and “invigoration of the enterprise through quality” should be actively unfolded， in an effort to improve quality， reduce cost， increase efficiency and establish an enterprise quality assurance mechanism which is full of vigor¹ and vitality⁷⁴.

　　（25） The principle that operators and managers of enterprises focus on quality shall be adhered to. Directors （managers） of enterprises shall be fully⁷⁵ responsible for the work of quality of the enterprises. Directors （managers） shall be responsible for the formulation of enterprise quality control goals， establishment of enterprise quality system and its effective operation.

　　（26） Quality-related work of enterprises shall be integrated with the deepening of reform and enforcement of management. Enterprises shall establish quality responsibility system with clearly-defined powers and responsibilities， perfect quality control rules and control organs， further strengthen quality inspection work and ensure in real earnest that inspection organs and inspection personnel exercise their functions according to product standards and rules and in accordance with law. Product performance and technical design should be constantly improved. Strict quality control shall be enforced in respect of in-coming raw materials， basic components and parts manufactured by other coordinated⁷⁶ enterprises. Strict discipline of techniques and strict quality control of the entire production process and out-going products shall be enforced， and post sales service stepped up. The concept of quality cost should be built up and activities to reduce losses resulting from inferior products should be conducted to gain efficiency from quality control. Building construction enterprises should enforce control of the construction sites， perfect quality assurance system， implement² the quality responsibility system， adhere to the principle of “triple controls” （namely， self-inspection， mutual inspection and inspection at the time of hand-over） in the construction process to eliminate sub-standard projects and do a good job of guaranteed repair and visits to users upon completion of construction. Service enterprises should enhance their sense of service， improve operational and service conditions and facilities， set up and perfect service quality system and constantly raise service standards.

　　（27） Enterprises should exert their efforts to strengthen the technical foundation and strictly⁷⁷ abide⁷⁸ by the compulsory national standards. Production should be organized in strict accordance with standards and no production shall be undertaken without standards. Calculation and measurement inspection and testing system shall be established and perfected with active adoption⁷⁹ of advanced calculation and measurement testing methods and strict control of calculation and measurement testing equipment. Enterprises the conditions of which are ripe should， with reference to advanced international standards， work out enterprise standards for internal control （including appearance and shape） which are competitive and higher than the existing national and trade standards.

　　（28） Enterprises should strive hard for technical advancement. They should follow closely advanced international technology， actively adopt new technologies， new techniques and new materials， and accelerate the development of new products and commercialization of scientific research results. Technical advancement and technical transformation shall be integrated with improvement in the quality of products and introduction of advanced production technologies shall be matched with the introduction of advanced inspection and testing means. Timely increment in quality-related input⁸⁰ shall be effected according to market demand and centering on the improvement in product quality so as to ensure improvement in the technical performance of products and their upgrade.

　　（29） Enterprises should actively adopt scientific quality control methods and establish comprehensive and scientific quality control system. In accordance with the national standards for Quality Control and Quality Assurance and other advanced control standards in international practice， and in the light of the actual conditions of the enterprises， comprehensive quality control should be continuously promoted and quality system established and perfected. Application of various scientific control means and methods shall be extended to enforce on-the-spot management of enterprises， and all kinds of rules and regulations shall be perfected. Quality control activities involving the masses should be actively conducted， initiatives of the masses should be respected and activities of putting forward rational proposals should be unfolded.

　　（30） Enterprises should establish and perfect incentive⁸¹ mechanisms⁸² for the encouragement of improvement in quality. On-job quality standards， quality responsibilities and corresponding evaluation methods shall be worked out and perfected and evaluation results shall constitute important basis for the transfer， promotion in position and grade， reward or punishment of workers and staff members. Internal distribution shall follow the system of coupling the distribution of individual income with quality with “quality veto” as the main mode.

　　（31） Rural and township enterprises shall， in the light of the existing outstanding problems， take down-to-earth measures in respect of enhancing the sense of quality， increasing quality-related input， stepping up training of workers and staff members and perfecting inspection and testing means， and organize production and conduct inspection in strict accordance with standards and ensure that no sub-standard products shall be shipped out.

　　（32） Enterprises committed to the production of coordinated and matching raw materials， basic components and coordinated parts for defense⁸³ industrial departments should， in strict accordance with the provisions of relevant national standards and product quality control， establish and perfect quality assurance system and practise strict responsibility system so as to ensure the quality and reliability of matching products.

　　（33） Enterprises should enhance the cultivation of spiritual civilization and strive to foster enterprise quality culture. Professional ethics and enterprising spirit should be important contents in the fostering of enterprise quality culture. Attention shall be paid to the building up of the image of the enterprise in quality reputation and the atmosphere under which production and distribution of quality products is glorious and production and distribution of imitated， fake and inferior products is shameful⁸⁴ shall be built up.

　　8. Organization and Implementation

　　（34） People's governments of all localities and the competent departments under the State Council shall， in real earnest， strengthen the overall planning， organization and leadership of quality-related work， and earnestly do well the job of the implementation and putting into practice of this Programme and work out plans for concrete implementation in the light of the actual conditions of their respective regions and industries.

　　（35） The rule of joint session for quality invigoration shall be established. In the process of implementation of this Programme， the department of overall economic administration and the department of quality supervision and control under the State Council shall convene⁸⁵ joint sessions in accordance with the requirements of the work， and conduct organization and coordination with respect to relevant major issues.

　　（36） Mobilization and organization of the whole society for active participation⁸⁶ in the cause of quality invigoration. Quality invigoration being a cause of the whole nation， all regions， departments and units should enhance the sense of historical responsibility and sense of urgency of the times， make joint efforts， do down-to-earth work and make respective contributions to the realization⁸⁷ of the goals put forth⁸⁸ in this Programme and to the cause of quality invigoration of our country.

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