印刷业管理条例
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国务院令第212号
(Promulgated by Decree No. 212 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on March 8, 1997)
颁布日期:19970308  实施日期:19970501  颁布单位:国务院

  Chapter I General Provisions

  Article 1 These Regulations are formulated1 with a view to strengthening the administration of the printing industry, safeguarding the legitimate2 rights and interests of the operators of the printing industry and the public interest of society and promoting socialist3 material civilization and spiritual civilization.

  Article 2 These Regulations apply to the printing operations of publications, printed matters for packaging and decoration and other printed matters.

  The publications referred to in these Regulations include newspapers, periodicals, books, maps, new year paintings, pictures, calendars, pictorial4 albums as well as the decorative5 covers of audio-visual products and electronic publications.

  The printed matters for packaging and decoration referred to in these Regulations include trademark6 signs, colour packaging boxes(bags), paper packages, printed iron cans and advertising7 publicity8 materials with introduction of products as their contents, etc.

  The other printed matters referred to in these Regulations include documents, materials, diagrams and tables, vouchers9 and name cards, etc.

  The printing operations referred to in these Regulations mean type setting, plate making, printing, binding10 and mounting, duplicating, photocopying11 and typing, etc.

  Article 3 Operators of the printing industry must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and other rules of the State concerning the administration of the printing industry, improve quality and continuously satisfy the requirements of society.

  Printing of publications, printed matters for packaging and decoration and other printed matters containing reactionary12, obscene and superstitious13 contents and such other contents the printing of which are categorically prohibited by the orders of the State is banned.

  Article 4 The department of information and publication administration under the State Council shall be responsible for the supervision14 and control of the printing industry pursuant to the provisions of these Regulations; among which the supervision and control of the printing operations of printed matters for packaging and decoration shall be the responsibility of the organs authorized15 by the State Council. The department of public security and the department of industry and commerce administration under the State Council shall be responsible for the supervision and control of the printing industry within their respective domain16 of responsibilities.

  The departments of administration responsible for information and publications and printed matters for packaging and decoration of local people's governments at or above the county level and their responsibilities shall be determined17 by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous18 regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

  Article 5 Social institutions of the printing industry shall exercise self-disciplined management in accordance with their constitutions and under the guidance of competent departments.

  Chapter II Establishment of Printing Enterprises

  Article 6 The State practises licensing19 system of printing operations. Any unit and individual shall not engage in printing operations without approval.

  Article 7 The establishment of a printing enterprise requires the following qualifications:

  (1) name of the enterprise and its constitution;

  (2) defined business scope;

  (3) site of production operations and such conditions for production operations as the necessary equipment;

  (4) organization and personnel which meet the requirements of its business scope; and

  (5) other conditions prescribed by relevant laws and regulations.

  Examination and approval of the establishment of a printing enterprise shall, in addition to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, comply with the State plan concerning the aggregate20, structure and distribution of printing enterprises.

  Article 8 For the establishment of a printing enterprise for publications, an application shall be submitted to the department of information and publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein it is to be located and a license21 for printing publications obtained upon examination and approval, and an application submitted to the department of public security in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State on presentation of the license for printing publications and upon verification, approval and obtaining the license for special trade, an application submitted to the department of industry and commerce administration for registration22 on presentation of the license for printing publications and the license for special trade and publications can be printed only upon obtaining the business license.

  Article 9 For the establishment of a printing enterprise for printed matters for packaging and decoration, an application shall be submitted to the department of administration of printed matters for packaging and decoration designated by the people's government of the province, or autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein it is to be located and a license for printing printed matters for packaging and decoration obtained upon examination and approval, and an application submitted to the department of public security in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State on presentation of the license for printing printed matters for packaging and decoration and the license for special trade obtained upon examination and approval, and an application submitted to the department of industry and commerce administration on presentation of the license for printing printed matters for packaging and decoration and the license for special trade for registration and printed matters for packaging and decoration can be printed only upon obtaining the business license.

  Article 10 For the printing enterprise already established for printed matters for packaging and decoration to apply for concurrent23 printing operations of publications, an application shall be submitted to the department of information and publication administration of the province, or autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein it is located and the license for printing publications obtained upon examination and approval, and an application submitted to the department of public security and the department of industry and commerce administration in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State for change in registration and printing of publications can only be undertaken upon verification and approval.

  Article 11 For the printing enterprise already established for publications to apply for concurrent printing operations of printed matters for packaging and decoration, an application shall be submitted to the department of administration of printed matters for packaging and decoration designated by the people's government of the province, or autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein it is located, and the license for printing printed matters for packaging and decoration obtained upon examination and approval, an application submitted to the department of public security and the department of industry and commerce administration in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State for change in registration and printing of printed matters for packaging and decoration can only be undertaken upon verification and approval.

  Article 12 Any enterprise or individual applying for printing operations of other printed matters shall submit an application to the department of information and publication administration of the local people's government at or above the county level of the locality wherein it or he or she is located and obtain the license for printing other printed matters upon examination and approval, and submit an application to the department of public security in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State on presentation of the license for printing other printed matters and obtain the license for special trade upon examination and approval, and submit an application to the department of industry and commerce administration on presentation of the license for printing other printed matters and the license for special trade for registration and operations can only be started on obtaining the business license.

  Printing enterprises having obtained the license for printing publications or the license for printing printed matters for packaging and decoration can engage in printing operations of other printed matters prescribed by these Regulations.

  Article 13 Establishment of Chinese-foreign equity24 joint25 ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures for the printing of publications or other printed matters should complete other formalities according to law upon the consent of the department of information and publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein the said enterprise is to be located and upon examination and approval by the department of information and publication administration under the State Council after the application is submitted.

  Article 14 Establishment of Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures for the printing of printed matters for packaging and decoration should go through other formalities according to law upon the consent of the department of administration of printed matters for packaging and decoration designated by the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein the said enterprise is to be located and upon examination and approval by the organ authorized by the State Council after the application is submitted.

  Article 15 Establishment of all categories of printing enterprises with sole foreign capital and business operations shall be prohibited.

  Article 16 Change in major particulars in registration, suspension of operations, change of trade, amalgamation26, separation or shifting by an operator of the printing industry shall go through examination and approval by the original department of examination and approval, and go through change in registration or revocation27 of registration in the department of public security and the department of industry and commerce administration where the registration was originally processed.

  Article 17 Establishment of an internal printing press by a unit shall, upon completing the formalities of registration in the department of information and publication administration and the department of security of the local people's government at or above the county level of the locality where in it is located, submit the same to the department of public security for the record in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State and it shall not engage in printing business operations; those engaging in printing business operations should go through formalities pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter.

  Article 18 The provisions of this Chapter apply to such single item of printing business operations as type setting, plate making, binding and mounting, duplicating, photocopying and typing.

  Chapter III Printing of Publications

  Article 19 The State encourages the printing enterprises of publications in the timely printing of publications embodying28 the latest achievements in cultures of excellence29 at home and abroad, in attaching importance to the printing of best quality valuable academic works of traditional culture, in the improvement of printing quality and correct use of the language of the motherland.

  Article 20 The printing enterprises of publications shall not print publications the publication of which are categorically prohibited by the State and print publications published by non-publishing units.

  Article 21 Printing contract system shall be practised in the printing of publications. A printing contract should be signed between the unit entrusting30 the printing and the printing enterprise taking the order in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State in printing each and every type of publication.

  Article 22 In taking an order from a publishing unit entrusting the printing of books and periodicals, the printing enterprise must examine, verify and keep the letter of authority for the printing of books and periodicals with the stamp of the publishing unit affixed31 thereon; in taking an order from a publishing unit entrusting the printing of a newspaper, the printing enterprise must examine and verify the certificate of registration for newspapers; in taking an order from a publishing unit entrusting the printing of supplements to newspapers and periodicals, the printing enterprise must, in addition to the examination and verification of the certificate of registration, examine and verify the approval document or permit for printing of the department of information and publication administration.

  Article 23 In taking an order for the printing of publications with internal materials, the printing enterprise must examine and verify the permit for printing issued by the department of information and publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

  Article 24 In trans-provincial, trans-autonomous regional and trans-municipal printing of publications, the printing enterprise must, in addition to the examination and verification of the approval document issued by the department of information and publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality where the unit entrusting the printing is located, examine and verify the permit for printing issued by the department of information and publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality where the said printing enterprise is located.

  Article 25 In taking an order for the printing of external publications, the printing enterprise must, on presentation of legal certificate of copyright, be subjected to the approval of the department of information and publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; the publications printed must be shipped out of the country in entirety and must not be sold inside the country.

  Article 26 The unit entrusting the printing must, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, carry the name and address of the publishing unit, book number, periodical number or edition number, date of publication or duration of the periodical, real name and address of the printing enterprise taking the order, as well as other relevant particulars on the publication the printing of which has been entrusted33.

  Article 27 The printing enterprise taking the order must not sell, print additional number of copies without authorization34 or accept the entrustment35 of a third person in printing additional number of copies of the publication the printing of which has been entrusted and must not engage in pirate printing of the publication.

  Article 28 The printing enterprise taking the order must not let, lend, sell or transfer in any other form the paper mold and printing films of the publication the printing of which has been entrusted to other units or individuals.

  Article 29 The printing enterprises must not engage in compilation36, printing, collection of subscriptions37 and distribution of publications, and must not print and sell publications in forging or pirating other people's names.

  Chapter IV Printing of Printed Matters for Packaging and Decoration

  Article 30 The printing enterprises of packaging and decoration must not print counterfeit38 or forged trademark signs and printed matters of commodity packaging and decoration of others, and must not print such publicity materials as false advertisements and directions which might be misleading to the consumer.

  Article 31 In taking orders for the printing of advertisements and publicity materials with introduction of products as their contents, the printing enterprises must, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, examine and verify the permit for printing issued by the department of administration of printed matters for packaging and decoration, and examine and verify the business license and the certification of qualification for advertising operations of the unit entrusting the printing.

  Article 32 Printing of trademark signs shall be carried out pursuant to the relevant provisions of trademark printing management of the State.

  Article 33 The printing enterprise taking the orders for the printing of printed matters for packaging and decoration should deliver in entirety the finished products, semi-finished products, waste products it has printed and the plates, paper molds, films and original scripts to units entrusting the printing and must not keep the same on their own.

  Article 34 Any unit taking orders for the printing of printed matters for packaging and decoration from outside the country must be subjected to the examination and verification of the department of administration of printed matters for packaging and decoration designated by the people's government of the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein it is located; the printed matters for packaging and decoration printed must be shipped out of the country in entirety and must not be distributed inside the country.

  Chapter V Printing of Other Printed Matters

  Article 35 Printing of classified documents, materials, diagrams and tables shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the State concerning the control of the duplication of carriers of State secrets.

  Article 36 For the printing of notices, announcements, work identity cards for major events, passes, vouchers and coupons39 in circulation for use in society, the unit entrusting the printing of the same must produce the certificate of the competent department and go through the formalities for the permit for printing at the department of public security of the locality wherein the printing enterprise taking the orders is located in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, and the same shall be printed in the designated printing enterprises.

  For the printing of such special-purpose printed articles as vouchers and coupons with value or vouchers and coupons without value, letters of introduction, work identity cards, membership identity cards, exit and entry identity cards with titles of the units thereon of organs, societies, armed forces, schools, enterprises and institutions for internal use, the units entrusting the printing of the same must produce certificates for the entrustment of printing.

  The enterprises taking the orders for printing must not keep samples and sample sheets of the printed articles referred to in the preceding two paragraphs; for samples and sample sheets required to be kept for business references, consent should be obtained from the unit entrusting the printing of the same, stamps of “sample copy” and “sample sheet” should be affixed on the printed articles to be kept which should be in safe keeping and must not be lost.

  Article 37 Printing of religious articles shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the State concerning the administration of religious printed matters.

  Chapter VI Penalty Provisions

  Article 38 Establishment of a printing enterprise engaging in printing operations without authorization in violation40 of the provisions of these Regulations shall be banned by the department of public security and the department of industry and commerce administration, its illegal income, major special-purpose tools and equipment for illegal activities confiscated41 and a fine of more than two times and less than ten times of the illegal income imposed; for that which has no illegal income, a fine of less than RMB 20,000 Yuan shall be imposed.

  Article 39 A printing enterprise engaging in printing of publications without obtaining the permit for printing publications and without authorization in violation of the provisions of these Regulations shall be directed to suspend production and operations by the department of information and publication administration of the local people's government at or above the county level designated by the people's government of the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government, its printed publications and illegal income confiscated and a fine of more than two times and less than ten times of the general fixed32 price of the printed publications imposed.

  Article 40 A printing enterprise engaging in printing of printed matters for packaging and decoration without obtaining the permit for printing printed matters for packaging and decoration and without authorization in violation of the provisions of these Regulations shall be directed to suspend production and operations by the department of administration of printed matters for packaging and decoration of the local people's government at or above the county level designated by the people's government of the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government, its printed matters for packaging and decoration printed and illegal income confiscated, and a fine of more than two times less than ten times of the general fixed price of the printed matters for packaging and decoration printed imposed.

  Article 41 A printing enterprise of publications having committed any of the following acts shall be administered a warning, its illegal income confiscated, and a fine of more than two times less than ten times of the general fixed price of the publications printed imposed by the department of information and publication administration of the local people's government at or above the county level designated by the people's government of the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government in the light of circumstances; those having committed serious offences, their licenses42 shall be revoked43 by the original license issuing authority:

  (1) illegally taking order for the printing of publications entrusted by others;

  (2) printing of publications forging or pirating the name of another person;

  (3) pirate printing the publication of another person;

  (4) illegally printing additional copies of or selling the publications the printing of which is entrusted;

  (5) compiling and printing, collection of subscriptions and distribution of publications;

  (6) rental44, lending, sale or transfer to others in any other forms of the paper molds and printing films of the publication the printing of which is entrusted by the publishing unit without authorization; and

  (7) taking orders for the printing of external publications without approval.

  Article 42 Any printing enterprise for printed matters for packaging and decoration having committed any of the following acts, a warning shall be administered, its illegal income confiscated and a fine of more than two times less than ten times of the general fixed price of the printed matters printed imposed by the department of administration for printed matters for packaging and decoration of the local people's government at or above the county level designated by the people's government of the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government in the light of circumstances; where the offence is serious, its license shall be revoked by the original license issuing authority:

  (1) illegally taking orders for the printing of printed matters for packaging and decoration entrusted by others;

  (2) pirate printing of printed matters for packaging and decoration of others; and

  (3) taking orders for the printing of external printed matters for packaging and decoration on one's own without approval.

  Article 43 Any printing enterprise or individual printing publications, printed matters for packaging and decoration or other printed matters which contain reactionary, obscene and superstitious contents or other contents the printing of which are categorically forbidden by the order of the State, illegally printing publications the publication of which are categorically forbidden by the order of the State or publications published by non-publication units, or illegally printing such other printed matters as identity cards, documents and vouchers and coupons with value, shall be penalized45 in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

  Article 44 Functionaries46 of departments of printing administration whose abuse of power, neglect of duty and malpractices for selfish gains constitute a criminal offence shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law; disciplinary sanctions shall be meted47 out according to law to those whose acts do not constitute a crime.

  Chapter VII Supplementary48 Provisions

  Article 45 No other fees should be charged except for the collection of cost fee according to the official rate for the issuance of licenses in pursuance of these Regulations.

  Article 46 These Regulations shall come into force as of May 1, 1997.



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1 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
参考例句:
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
3 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者;adj.社会主义的
参考例句:
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
4 pictorial PuWy6     
adj.绘画的;图片的;n.画报
参考例句:
  • The had insisted on a full pictorial coverage of the event.他们坚持要对那一事件做详尽的图片报道。
  • China Pictorial usually sells out soon after it hits the stands.《人民画报》往往一到报摊就销售一空。
5 decorative bxtxc     
adj.装饰的,可作装饰的
参考例句:
  • This ware is suitable for decorative purpose but unsuitable for utility.这种器皿中看不中用。
  • The style is ornate and highly decorative.这种风格很华丽,而且装饰效果很好。
6 trademark Xndw8     
n.商标;特征;vt.注册的…商标
参考例句:
  • The trademark is registered on the book of the Patent Office.该商标已在专利局登记注册。
  • The trademark of the pen was changed.这钢笔的商标改了。
7 advertising 1zjzi3     
n.广告业;广告活动 a.广告的;广告业务的
参考例句:
  • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
  • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
8 publicity ASmxx     
n.众所周知,闻名;宣传,广告
参考例句:
  • The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
  • He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事,只当它是一种宣传手法。
9 vouchers 4f649eeb2fd7ec1ef73ed951059af072     
n.凭证( voucher的名词复数 );证人;证件;收据
参考例句:
  • These vouchers are redeemable against any future purchase. 这些优惠券将来购物均可使用。
  • This time we were given free vouchers to spend the night in a nearby hotel. 这一次我们得到了在附近一家旅馆入住的免费券。 来自英语晨读30分(高二)
10 binding 2yEzWb     
有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的
参考例句:
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
11 photocopying b83769281b2a4f269213b3d485dfdc3e     
v.影印,照相复制(photocopy的现在分词形式)
参考例句:
  • All photocopying machines need careful usage, and regular cleaning and maintenance. 所有照像复制机都需要小心使用、定期擦洗和维修。 来自辞典例句
  • A trademark used for a photocopying process or machine employing xerography. 商标名,用于采用静电复印术的影印过程或机器。 来自互联网
12 reactionary 4TWxJ     
n.反动者,反动主义者;adj.反动的,反动主义的,反对改革的
参考例句:
  • They forced thousands of peasants into their reactionary armies.他们迫使成千上万的农民参加他们的反动军队。
  • The reactionary ruling clique was torn by internal strife.反动统治集团内部勾心斗角,四分五裂。
13 superstitious BHEzf     
adj.迷信的
参考例句:
  • They aim to deliver the people who are in bondage to superstitious belief.他们的目的在于解脱那些受迷信束缚的人。
  • These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible.这些迷信做法应尽早取消。
14 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
15 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
16 domain ys8xC     
n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势力范围
参考例句:
  • This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
  • This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。
17 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
18 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
19 licensing 7352ce0b4e0665659ae6466c18decb2a     
v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
  • That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句
20 aggregate cKOyE     
adj.总计的,集合的;n.总数;v.合计;集合
参考例句:
  • The football team had a low goal aggregate last season.这支足球队上个赛季的进球总数很少。
  • The money collected will aggregate a thousand dollars.进帐总额将达一千美元。
21 license B9TzU     
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
参考例句:
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
22 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
23 concurrent YncyG     
adj.同时发生的,一致的
参考例句:
  • You can't attend two concurrent events!你不能同时参加两项活动!
  • The twins had concurrent birthday. 双胞胎生日在同一天。
24 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
25 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
26 amalgamation Zz9zAK     
n.合并,重组;;汞齐化
参考例句:
  • We look towards the amalgamation of some of the neighborhood factories.我们指望合并一些里弄工厂。
  • The proposed amalgamation of the two institutes has mow fallen through.这两个研究所打算合并的事现在已经落空了。
27 revocation eWZxW     
n.废止,撤回
参考例句:
  • the revocation of planning permission 建筑许可的撤销
  • The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was signed here in 1685. 1685年南特敕令的废除是在这里宣布的。 来自互联网
28 embodying 6e759eac57252cfdb6d5d502ccc75f4b     
v.表现( embody的现在分词 );象征;包括;包含
参考例句:
  • Every instrument constitutes an independent contract embodying a payment obligation. 每张票据都构成一份独立的体现支付义务的合同。 来自口语例句
  • Fowth, The aesthetical transcendency and the beauty embodying the man's liberty. \" 第四部分:审美的超越和作为人类自由最终体现的“美”。 来自互联网
29 excellence ZnhxM     
n.优秀,杰出,(pl.)优点,美德
参考例句:
  • His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
  • My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。
30 entrusting 1761636a2dc8b6bfaf11cc7207551342     
v.委托,托付( entrust的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • St. Clare had just been entrusting Tom with some money, and various commissions. 圣?克莱亚刚交给汤姆一笔钱,派他去办几件事情。 来自辞典例句
  • The volume of business does not warrant entrusting you with exclusive agency at present. 已完成的营业额还不足以使我方目前委托你方独家代理。 来自外贸英语口语25天快训
31 affixed 0732dcfdc852b2620b9edaa452082857     
adj.[医]附着的,附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 );粘贴;加以;盖(印章)
参考例句:
  • The label should be firmly affixed to the package. 这张标签应该牢牢地贴在包裹上。
  • He affixed the sign to the wall. 他将标记贴到墙上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
32 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
33 entrusted be9f0db83b06252a0a462773113f94fa     
v.委托,托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He entrusted the task to his nephew. 他把这任务托付给了他的侄儿。
  • She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划。 来自《简明英汉词典》
34 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
35 entrustment 526b37b72a9ef9bd309909b523167da7     
[法]委托
参考例句:
  • The term of entrustment is divided into one-day five-day validity. 委托期限分为当日有效和五日有效。 来自互联网
  • Chapter three discusses the bureaucratic group and the congressional entrustment of legislation. 第三章讨论官僚集团与国会立法权的委托。 来自互联网
36 compilation kptzy     
n.编译,编辑
参考例句:
  • One of the first steps taken was the compilation of a report.首先采取的步骤之一是写一份报告。
  • The compilation of such diagrams,is of lasting value for astronomy.绘制这样的图对天文学有永恒的价值。
37 subscriptions 2d5d14f95af035cbd8437948de61f94c     
n.(报刊等的)订阅费( subscription的名词复数 );捐款;(俱乐部的)会员费;捐助
参考例句:
  • Subscriptions to these magazines can be paid in at the post office. 这些杂志的订阅费可以在邮局缴纳。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Payment of subscriptions should be made to the club secretary. 会费应交给俱乐部秘书。 来自《简明英汉词典》
38 counterfeit 1oEz8     
vt.伪造,仿造;adj.伪造的,假冒的
参考例句:
  • It is a crime to counterfeit money.伪造货币是犯罪行为。
  • The painting looked old but was a recent counterfeit.这幅画看上去年代久远,实际是最近的一幅赝品。
39 coupons 28882724d375042a7b19db1e976cb622     
n.礼券( coupon的名词复数 );优惠券;订货单;参赛表
参考例句:
  • The company gives away free coupons for drinks or other items. 公司为饮料或其它项目发放免费赠券。 来自辞典例句
  • Do you have any coupons? 你们有优惠卡吗? 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 口语
40 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
41 confiscated b8af45cb6ba964fa52504a6126c35855     
没收,充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。
  • The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。
42 licenses 9d2fccd1fa9364fe38442db17bb0cb15     
n.执照( license的名词复数 )v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Drivers have ten days' grace to renew their licenses. 驾驶员更换执照有10天的宽限期。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Jewish firms couldn't get import or export licenses or raw materials. 犹太人的企业得不到进出口许可证或原料。 来自辞典例句
43 revoked 80b785d265b6419ab99251d8f4340a1d     
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销,取消,废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付,结算可以撤销。 来自辞典例句
  • A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。 来自辞典例句
44 rental cBezh     
n.租赁,出租,出租业
参考例句:
  • The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。
  • We can organise car rental from Chicago O'Hare Airport.我们可以安排提供从芝加哥奥黑尔机场出发的租车服务。
45 penalized c88c37e7a177d0a347c36794aa587e91     
对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 ); 使处于不利地位
参考例句:
  • You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。
  • Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。
46 functionaries 90e939e920ac34596cdd9ccb420b61fe     
n.公职人员,官员( functionary的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The Indian transmitters were court functionaries, not missionaries. 印度文化的传递者都是朝廷的官员而不是传教士。 来自辞典例句
  • All government institutions functionaries must implement state laws, decrees and policies. 所有政府机关极其工作人员都必须认真执行国家的法律,法规和政策。 来自互联网
47 meted 9eadd1a2304ecfb724677a9aeb1ee2ab     
v.(对某人)施以,给予(处罚等)( mete的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The severe punishment was meted out to the unruly hooligan. 对那个嚣张的流氓已给予严厉惩处。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The money was meted out only after it had been carefully counted. 钱只有仔细点过之后才分发。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
48 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的,附加的
参考例句:
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了,我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
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