(Promulgated² by Decree No. 278 of the State Council on January 2, 2000)
颁布日期：20000102 　实施日期：20000102 　颁布单位：国务院

　　Chapter One General Provisions

　　Article 1 These Provisions are formulated³ according to ( Forestry⁴ Law of the People's Republic of China ) (hereinafter referred to as "Forestry law").

　　Article 2 Forest reserves include forest, forest wood and forest land, as well as wild animals, plants and microbe dependent thereon surviving by depending on forest, forest wood and forest land. Forest includes arbor⁵ forest and bamboo forest. Forest wood includes tree and bamboo. Forest land includes arbor forest land with canopy⁶ density⁷ exceeding 0.2 as well as bamboo forest land, bush shrub⁸ forest land, open forest land, logging site, the site destroyed by fire, non-mature afforestion land, nursery land and land appropriate to the afforestation planed by the people's government at or above level.

　　Article 3 The State adopts registration¹⁰ system of forest, forest wood and forest land according to law. The ownership and right of use of legally registered forest, forest wood and forest land shall be protected by law. Any unit or individual shall not infringe¹¹. The pattern of the certificate of ownership of forest, forest wood and forest land shall be stipulated¹² by the competent forestry authority of State Council.

　　Article 4 The state-owned forest, forest wood or forest land used by law shall be registered in accordance with the following provisions: (1) The unit using forest, forest wood or forest land of key state-owned forest zone confirmed by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as "key forest zone"), shall submit registration application to the competent forestry authority of the State Council, and the competent forestry authority of the State Council shall record the registration, examine and issue certificates, and confirm the right of using the forest, forest wood or forest land as well as the title of forest wood owned by the user; (2) Units or individuals using stated-owned forest, forest wood or forest land crossing administrative¹³ domains¹⁵, shall submit registration application to the competent forestry authority of their common people's government above high level, and the said people's government shall record the registration, examine and issue certificates, and confirm the right of using the forest, forest wood or forest land as well as the title of forest wood owned by the user; (3) Units or individuals using other state-owned forest, forest wood or forest land, shall submit registration application to the competent forestry authority of the local people's government at or above county level, and the local people's government at or above county level shall record the registration, examine and issue certificates, and confirm the right of using the forest, forest wood or forest land as well as the title of forest wood owned by the user. The state-owned forest, forest wood or forest land unconfirmed in the right of use shall be recorded, protected and managed by the people's government at county level.

　　Article 5 Where a collective owns forest, forest wood or forest land, the owner shall submit registration application to the competent forestry authority of the local people's government at or above county level where the same is located, and the people's government at county level shall record registration, examine and issue certificate, and confirm title. For forest wood owned by unit or individual, the owner shall submit registration application to the competent forestry authority of the people's government at county level where the same is located, and the people's government at county level shall record registration, examine and issue certificate, and confirm title of the same. Units and individuals using collectively owned forest, forest wood or forest land, shall submit registration application to the competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level where the same is located, and the people's government at or above county level shall make volumes at a registry, examine and issue certificates, and define title of the same.

　　Article 6 The ones alter the ownership and the right of use of forest, of forest wood and of forest land, they shall handle the commission for effecting changes in registration according to law.

　　Article 7 The competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level shall establish files on the management of forest, forest wood and forest land.

　　Article 8 For national focal point shelter belt, and forest for special uses, the competent forestry authority of State Council shall produce opinions and report to the State Council for approval, then promulgate¹ it; for local key shelter forest and forest for special use, the competent forestry authority of the people's government of a province, autonomous¹⁶ region or municipality directly under the central authority shall produce opinions and report to the people's government at the same level for approval, then promulgate it; for other shelter forest, timber forest or special-use forest as well as economic forest or fuel forest, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county level shall demarcate according to the state's relevant regulations on forest categorization and the arrangement and organization of the People's government at the same level, and report to the people's government at the same level for approval and promulgation¹⁷. The area of key shelter forest and special-use forest within the administrative domain¹⁴ of province, autonomous region or municipality directly under central authority shall not be less than 30% of the total forest area of the said administrative domain. Modification¹⁸ of forest category approved and promulgated to other forest category shall be reported to the original approving and promulgating¹⁹ authority.

　　Article 9 The capital drawn²⁰ according to section 1 (5) Article 8 of the Forestry Law must be specially²¹ used for the timber forest such as planting pit prop⁹ and the forest used for making paper and etc., and shall not be embezzled²². The auditing²³ authority and competent forestry authority shall strengthen supervision²⁴.

　　Article 10 The forest resource supervisory authority sent by the competent forestry authority the of State Council to key forest zone shall strengthen supervision and inspection²⁵ on the protection and management of forest resources within key forest zone.

　　Chapter 2 Operation and Management of Forest

　　Article 11 The competent forestry authority of the State Council shall periodically monitor the situation of extinction²⁶ and growth of forest resources and changes of forest ecological²⁷ environment. Forest resource investigation²⁸, file establishment, formulation of forest operation plan and other work of key forest zone shall be organized and implemented²⁹ by the competent forestry authority of the State Council; other forest resource inspection, file establishment, formulation of forest operation plan and etc., shall be organized and implemented by the competent forestry of the local people's government authority at or above county level.

　　Article 12 The formulation of long-term forestry plan shall abide³⁰ by the following principles: (1) Protection of ecological environment and promotion³¹ of sustainable economic development; (2) Based on the existing forest resources; (3) Compatible with the overall plan of land utilization³², water and soil conservation plan, city plan, village and town plan.

　　Article 13 The long-term forestry plan shall include: (1) Forestry development target; (2) Ratio of forest categories; (3) Forest land protection and use plan; (4) Tree planting and afforestation plan.

　　Article 14 The national long-term forestry plan shall be formulated by the competent forestry authority of the State Council in conjunction with other relevant departments, and be reported to the State Council for approval, then implementation³³. The national long-term forestry plan at various levels shall be formulated by the competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level in conjunction with other relevant departments, and be reported to the State Council for approval and then implementation. The long-term forestry plan at a lower level shall be formulated based upon the long-term forestry plan at above high level. The adjustment of modification to the long-term forestry plan shall be reported to the original approving authority for approval.

　　Article 15 The state protects the lawful³⁴ rights and interests of the operator of forest, forest wood or forest land according to law. Any unit or individual is prohibited to invade illegally the forest woods owned and the forest land used by the operator according to law. The operator of timber forest, economic forest or fuel forest enjoys right of operation, benefits and other lawful rights and interests according to law. The operator of Shelter forest or special-use forest enjoys right of forest ecological benefits compensation.

　　Article 16 In the event of surveying or exploiting mineral resources, or constructing road, water conservancy, power, communication and etc. projects needing to occupy or confiscate³⁵ forest land, the following provisions must be adhered to: (1) The unit using the land shall submit land use application to the competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level, and, after examination and approval, prepay forest cover restoration fees according to the standard stipulated by the state and collect approval document on forest land usage. The unit using the land shall conduct examination and approval procedures for use of land in construction with the approval document according to law. Without examination and approval by the competent forestry authority for the occupancy or confiscation³⁶ of forest land, the competent land administration authority shall not process application for use of land in construction. (2) For occupation or confiscation of forest land of shelter forest land or special-use forest land with an area over 10 hectares, or timber forest, economic forest or fuel forest as well as cutting blank over 35 hectares, or other forest land over 70 hectares, it shall be examined by the competent forestry authority of the State Council; for occupation or confiscation of forest land with an area below the above regulated amount, it shall be examined by the competent forestry authority of the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central authority. Occupation or confiscation of forest land of key forest zone shall be examined by the competent forestry authority of the State Council. (3) When the unit using land needs to cut the forest wood on the forest land occupied or confiscated³⁷ with approval, it shall apply for forest wood felling permit from the competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level where the forest land is located or from the competent forestry authority of State Council. (4) If the occupation or confiscation of forest land is not approved, the relevant competent forestry authority shall refund³⁸ the forest cover restoration fees charged within 7 days as from the date of receipt of notice of non-approval.

　　Article 17 Where ones need to occupy and use forest land temporarily, they shall obtain the approval of the competent departments of the people's governments at or above county level. The period of temporary usage of forest land shall not exceed 2 years, and it's prohibited to construct permanent structure on the temporarily used forest land; after such period expires, unit using land must restore forestry production conditions.

　　Article 18 Temporary occupancy of forest land required for building engineering facility directly used for serving forestry production by forest operation unit within the range of the forest land it operated, shall be approved by the competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level; for building other engineering facilities and requiring forest land to be changed to non-forestry land for use in construction, procedures of examination and approval for use of land in construction must be conducted according to law. The engineering facility directly used for serving forestry production in aforesaid section refers to: (1) Facility for cultivation³⁹ or production of seed or nursery stock; (2) Facility for storage of seeds, nursery stock, timber; (3) Logger road or carriage way; (4) Forestry scientific research, test or model base; (5) Facility for wild life and plant protection, forest protection, forest disease and pest damage prevention, forest fire prevention, timber quarantine; (6) Infrastructure⁴⁰ for water supply, power supply, heat supply, gas supply or communication.

　　Chapter Three Forest Protection

　　Article 19 The competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level shall, according to the investigation and monitoring of the targeted object by forest disease and pest damage monitor and forecast center, periodically release long-term, mid-term and short-term forest disease and pest damage forecast, and give preventive suggestions timely. The forest operator shall use fine variety, construct mixed forest, carry out scientific afforestation and improve the ability to prevent forest disease and pest damages. When forest disease and pest damage occurs, relevant departments and forest operators shall take integrated control measures to timely eliminate and treat the damages. When serious forest disease and pest damage occurs, the local people's government shall take emergency eliminate-and-treat measures to prevent spreading and eliminate hidden damages.

　　Article 20 The competent forestry authority of the State Council is responsible for determination of the national germ chit quarantine objects of forest wood. The competent forestry authority of people's government of province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central authority may, according to need of the region, determine supplementary⁴¹ germ chit quarantine objects of forest wood of the said province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central authority, and report the same to the competent forestry authority of the State Council for the record.

　　Article 21 It is prohibited to destroy forest for bringing under cultivation or collecting seed, or violate rules of operation technique to tap resin⁴², dig bamboo shoot, extract stumps⁴³, debark⁴⁴ or over lop.

　　Article 22 Slopes of 25 degrees or above shall be used for tree or grass planting. Hillside cultivated of 25 degrees or above shall give up cultivation gradually for tree or grass planting according to the plan formulated by the local people's government.

　　Article 23 When forest fires occurs, local people's government must immediately organize army-civilian forces to put it down; relevant authority shall actively⁴⁶ prepare for fire rescue material supply, transportation and communication, medical and etc. work.

　　Chapter Four Tree Planting and Afforestation

　　Article 24 The "forest acreage" in Forestry Law, refers to the percentage of forest area to land area as per administrative domain. Forest area includes arbor forest land area and bamboo forest land area with canopy density over 0.2, shrub forest land area stipulated specially by the state, and the coverage⁴⁷ area of farmland forest net and village-side, roadside, waterside, house-side forest wood. The local people's government at or above county level shall, according to the striving target of forest acreage determined⁴⁸ by the State Council, determine the striving target of forest acreage of the administrative domain, and organize implementation.

　　Article 25 Tree planting and afforestation shall comply with rules of afforestation technique, and execute scientific afforestation, and enhance survival rate. The people's government at county level shall organize inspection and acceptance of the afforestation of the year within the said administrative domain, and except the arid⁴⁹ or semiarid⁵⁰ areas stipulated specially by the state, those with less than 85% survival rate shall not be calculated into the completed annual forestation area.

　　Article 26 The state adopts department and unit responsibility system in afforestation and greening. The relevant unit in charge of the sides of railway or road, the banks of river or the around of lake or reservoir, shall be the responsible unit for afforestation and greening. For industrial or mining area, undertaking⁵¹ or school land, troop camp as well as farm, grazing land, fishery operation area, such unit shall be the responsible unit for afforestation and greening. The afforestation and greening task of the responsible unit shall be confirmed by the local people's government at county level by issuing a notice of responsibility.

　　Article 27 The state protects the title of forest wood and other lawful rights and interests owned by the contracted forest grower. Without both the employer and the contractor⁵²' unanimous agreement, modification to or revocation⁵³ of the afforestation contract is prohibited.

　　Chapter Five Forest Felling

　　Article 28 The annual forest felling limit shall be formulated as per state-owned forestry enterprise or undertaking unit, farms, or plant or mining unit in respect of state owned forest or forest wood, and as per county in respect of collective-owned forest or forest wood and individual-owned forest wood, and then the competent forestry authority of people's government of province, autonomous region or municipality directly under central authority shall generalize and balance the same, and after being reviewed by the people's government at the same level, the same shall be reported to the State Council for approval; among others, the annual forest felling limit of key forest zone shall be reviewed by the competent forestry authority of State Council, and then be reported to the State Council for approval. The annual forest felling limit approved by the State Council shall be reviewed and determined once every 5 years.

　　Article 29 The logging of forest or forest wood used for commercial sales must be put them in the state's annual timber production plan; notwithstanding, except the felling by rural resident of the individual-owned fuel forest on hill retained for private needs and the individual-owned odd forest wood on plot for private use or around house.

　　Article 30 In application for forest wood felling permit, besides submission⁵⁵ of the certificate of title or certificate of right of use in respect of the forest wood intended, other relevant proving documents shall also be submitted in accordance with following provisions: (1) State-owned forestry enterprise or undertaking unit shall also submit cutting area survey design document and previous year's cutting reforestation acceptance certificate; (2) Other units shall also submit documents comprising the purpose of cutting, location, forest category, forest condition, area, amount of growing stock, method, reforestation measures and etc. of the forest wood. (3) Individual shall also submit documents comprising the location, area, tree category, number of trees, amount of growing stock, time of reforestation and etc. of the forest wood. In the event of forest wood cutting required by forest fire rescue, flood prevention and other emergency situations, the units or departments organizing the same shall, within 30 days as from the ending date of such emergency, report the forest wood cutting condition to the local competent forestry authority of people's government at or above county level.

　　Article 31 Where a unit or individual has committed any of the following conditions, the department in charge shall not issue a permit for felling of forest trees: (1) Non-tending or non-reforestation cutting of shelter forest or special-use forest, or cutting forest wood during period of "closing of hillsides to facilitate afforestation" or within area thereof; (2) Failing to complete reforestation task after previous year's cutting; (3) Failing to take preventive or improving measures provided that material denudation⁵⁶ case, forest fire or serious forest disease and pest damages with large affected⁵⁷ areas occurs. The pattern of forest wood felling permit shall be stipulated by the competent forestry authority of State Council, and be printed by the competent forestry authority of people's government of province, autonomous region, municipality directly under central authority.

　　Article 32 Except expressly provided in Forestry Law, the forest wood felling permit shall be issued after examination in accordance with following purview⁵⁸: (1) For state-owned forestry center subject to county, the permit shall be issued after examination by the competent forestry authority of people's government at county level where it is located. (2) For state-owned forestry enterprise or undertaking unit or other state-owned enterprise or undertaking unit subject to province, autonomous region, municipality directly under central authority as well as city with districts or autonomous prefecture, the permit shall be issued after examination by the competent forestry authority of people's government of province, autonomous region or municipality directly under central authority where it is located; (3) For state-owned forestry enterprise or undertaking unit within key forest zone, the permit shall be issued after examination by the competent forestry authority of State Council.

　　Article 33 The cutting of timber forest constructed by using foreign investment up to certain scale, shall be approved by the competent forestry authority of the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under central authority within the annual forest felling limit approved by the State Council, and shall be listed separately in respect of cutting limit.

　　Article 34 The timber operation (including processing) in forest zone must be approved by the competent forestry authority of the people's governments at or above county level. Timber procurement⁶⁰ unit or individual shall not procure⁵⁹ timber without forest tree felling permit or other lawful origin certificates. The timber in the immediate⁴⁵ section above refers to log, saw timber, bamboo wood, wood chip and other timbers stipulated by province, autonomous region or municipality directly under central authority.

　　Article 35 In order to carry timber that is not generally appropriated by the state out of forest zone, the carrier must have timber transportation permit issued by the competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level. The timber transportation permit for key forest zone shall be issued after examination by the competent forestry authority of the State Council; other timber transportation permits shall be issued after examination by the competent forestry authority of local people's government at county or above level. Timber transportation permit is valid⁶¹ during the whole journey from the place of dispatch of timber to the destination, and must be with the cargo⁶² all along. Without timber transportation permit, any unit or individual carrier shall not carry. The pattern of the timber transportation permit shall be stipulated by the competent forestry authority of State Council.

　　Article 36 In application for timber transportation permit, the following proving documents shall be submitted: (1) Forest tree felling permit or other lawful origin certificates; (2) Quarantine certificate; (3) Other documents stipulated by province, autonomous region or municipality directly under central authority. If the conditions in the immediate section above are satisfied, the competent forestry authority of people's government at or above county level having accepted such application shall issue the timber transportation permit within 3 days as from the date of receiving such application. The total volume of transported timber allowed by the legally issued timber transportation permit shall not exceed the total volume of timber allowed to be carried out for sales stipulated by the local annual timber production plan.

　　Article 37 The timber prosecution⁶³ center set in forest zone approved by the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under central authority shall be responsible for the inspection of timber transportation; for timber transportation without permit, the timber inspection station shall prevent it from happening, and may seize the timber without permit temporarily, and immediately report to the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level for legal disposition⁶⁴.

　　Chapter Six Legal Liabilities

　　Article 38 Where ones fell forest or other forest wood unlawful and results in less than 0.5 cube meters calculated by standing⁵⁴ wood areas or more than 50 young trees felled, the competent forestry departments under the people's governments at or above county level order them to plant trees as many as 10 times amount of the unlawful felled trees, confiscate the unlawfully felled timber or sales proceeds, and impose a fine of not less than 3 times but not more than 5 times the value of the unlawfully felled timber. For unlawful felling of forest or other forest wood with standing volume more than 0.5 cube meters or saplings more than 20 stems, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall order replanting of 10 times the amount of unlawfully felled trees, confiscate the unlawfully felled timber or sales proceeds, and impose a fine of not less than 5 times but not more than10 times the value of the unlawfully felled timber.

　　Article 39 For denudation of forest or other forest wood with standing volume less than 2 cube meters or saplings less than 50 stems, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall order replanting of 5 times the amount of denudated trees, and impose a fine of not less than 2 times but not more than 3 times the value of the denudated timber. For denudation of forest or other forest wood with standing volume more than 2 cube meters or saplings more than 50 stems, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall order replanting of 5 times the amount of denudated trees, and impose a fine of not less than 3 times but not more than 5 times the value of the denudated timber. For felling of forest or other forest wood exceeding timber production plan, the punishment shall be imposes in accordance with the provisions of the two sections herein above.

　　Article 40 For timber operation (including processing) in forest zone without approval in violation⁶⁵ of these Provisions, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall confiscate the timber operated unlawfully and illegal gains, and impose a fine of not more than 2 times the illegal gains.

　　Article 41 For damages to forest or forest wood resulting from destroying forest to collect seeds or violating rules of operation technique to tap resin, dig bamboo shoot, extract stumps, debark or over lop in violation of these Provisions, destruction planting or violation of technique operation, to cause destruction of forest, forest wood, the losses shall be compensated⁶⁶ according to law, and the competent forestry authority of people's government at or above county level shall order cessation of the illegal conduct, replant trees of not lees than 1 but not more than 3 times the amount of destroyed stems, and may impose a fine of not less than 1 but not more than 5 times the value of destroyed forest wood; for refusing to replant trees or the replanting not conforming to relevant state regulations, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall organize replanting instead at the violator' expenses. For damages to forest or forest wood resulting from bringing barren land under cultivation without authorization⁶⁷ in violation of Forest Law and these Provisions, the punishment shall be imposed in accordance with provisions of Article 44 of Forest Law; in case of no damage done to the forest or forest wood or no forest or forest wood on the forest land brought under cultivation, the competent forestry authority of the people's government at or above county level shall order cessation of the illegal conduct and restoration to its original condition within certain time limit, and may impose a fine less than RMB 10 Yuan per square meter of the illegally forest land brought under cultivation.

　　Article 42 If either of the following conditions exists, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall order completion of forestation task within certain time limit; if not completed upon the expiry of such time limit, may impose a fine less than 2 times the expenses necessary for the uncompleted afforestation task that should have been completed; for directly responsible officer and other directly liable persons, administrative punishment shall be imposed according to law: (1) Failing to complete reforestation task in 2 consecutive⁶⁸ years; (2) Area of reforestation of the year less than 50% of the area of reforestation required; (3) Except the arid or semiarid areas stipulated specially by the state, reforestation survival rate of the year less than 85%; (4) Unit responsible for tree planting and afforestation failing to complete afforestation task on time in accordance with the requirements of the people's government at county level where it is located.

　　Article 43 Where ones alter the uses of forestry land without authorization based on no approval according to examination by the competent forestry departments of the people's governments at or above county level, the competent forestry authority of people's government at or above county level shall order restoration to its original condition within certain time limit, and impose a fine of not less than RMB 10 Yuan but not more than RMB 30 Yuan per square meter for the forest land with illegal change of purpose. For non-return of temporary occupied forest land exceeding time limit, punishment shall be imposed in accordance with provisions in the immediate section above.

　　Article 44 For transportation of timber without timber transportation permit, the competent forestry authority of people's government at or above county level shall confiscate the illegally transported timber, and may impose on the consignor⁶⁹ a fine of less than 30% of the prices of illegally transported timber. For the timber volume transported exceeding the transportation volume allowed by the timber transportation permit, the competent forestry authority of people's government at or above county level shall confiscate the exceeding portion of the timber; for the transported tree species, wood assortment⁷⁰ or specification⁷¹ not conforming to the contents of the timber transport permit and without reasonable grounds, shall confiscate the portion of timber not in conformity⁷². For limber transportation using forged or altered timber transportation permit, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall confiscate the illegally transported timber, and impose a fine of not lees than 10% but not more than 50 % of the prices of the confiscated timber. For transportation of timber without timber transportation permit, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall confiscate the carriage, and impose a fine of not less than 1 but not more than 3 times the carriage.

　　Article 45 Where ones move service labels without authorization or damage them, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall order restoration to its original condition within certain time limit; for non-restoration exceeding such time limit, the competent forestry authority of people's government at or above county level shall restore instead at the expenses of the violator.

　　Article 46 For change of shelter forest or special-use forest to other forest category without approval in violation of these Provisions, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county or above level shall retrieve⁷³ the forest ecological benefit compensation received by the operator, and impose a fine less than 3 times the received forest ecological benefit compensation.

　　Chapter Seven Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 47 The division of duties and powers of the competent forestry authorities of people's governments at or above county level in these Provisions shall be stipulated in detail by the competent forestry authority of the State Council.

　　Article 48 These Provisions shall take effect as from the date of promulgation. The ( Regulation for Implementation of Forestry Law of the People's Republic of China ) approved by the State Council on April 28th 1986 and promulgated by the Ministry⁷⁴ of Forestry on May 10, 1986 shall be invalidated simultaneously⁷⁵.

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