集体合同规定 Collective Contract Provisions
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
 

劳动和社会保障部令第22号

Promulgated1 by the Ministry2 of Labour and Social Security on 20 January 2004, and effective as of 1 May 2004.)

颁布日期:20040120  实施日期:20040501  颁布单位:劳动和社会保障部

  PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS

  Article 1 These Provisions have been formulated4 in accordance with the PRC, Labour Law and the PRC, Labour Union Law in order to standardize5 collective consultation6 and the conclusion of collective contracts, and safeguard the lawful7 rights and interests of labourers and employers according to law.

  Article 2 These Provisions shall apply to the collective consultation and conclusion of collective contract between an enterprise or an institution that implements8 enterprise management (Employer) and its employees in the People‘s Republic of China.

  Article 3 For the purposes of these Provisions, the term “collective contract” means a written agreement concluded through collective consultation between an Employer and its employees regarding such matters as labour compensation, working hours, rest days and leaves, labour safety and hygiene9, vocational training, and insurance and welfare benefits in accordance with the provisions of laws, regulations and rules. The term “special collective contract” means a special written agreement concluded between an Employer and its employees regarding certain contents of collective consultation in accordance with the provisions of laws, regulations and rules.

  Article 4 Collective consultation shall be adopted as the means for the conclusion of a collective contract or special collective contract and the determination of relevant matters between an Employer and its employees. Collective consultation shall mainly take the form of consultation meeting.

  Article 5 When conducting collective consultation and concluding collective contracts or special collective contracts, the following principles shall be followed:

  1. compliance10 with laws, regulations, rules and the relevant State provisions;

  2. mutual11 respect and consultation on an equal level basis;

  3. act in good faith and cooperate on the basis of fairness;

  4. the lawful rights and interests of both parties shall be taken into account; and

  5. no extreme action shall be taken.

  Article 6 Collective contracts or special collective contracts that comply with these Provisions shall be legally binding12 on Employers and all of their employees.

  The standards such as labour conditions and labour compensation stipulated13 in a labour contract concluded between an Employer and an individual employee shall not be lower than those stipulated in the collective contract or special collective contract.

  Article 7 The administrative14 department of labour security at or above county level shall supervise the collective consultation and the conclusion and performance of collective contracts between Employers and their employees within its administrative area, and shall be responsible for examining collective contracts or special collective contracts.

  PART TWO THE CONTENT OF COLLECTIVE CONSULTATION

  Article 8 Both parties in collective consultation may carry out collective consultation and conclude a collective contract or special collective contract regarding one or more of the following matters:

  1. labour compensation;

  2. working hours;

  3. rest days and leaves;

  4. labour safety and hygiene;

  5. supplementary15 insurance and welfare benefits;

  6. special protection for female employees and minor16 workers;

  7. vocational skill training;

  8. labour contract management;

  9. reward and punishment;

  10. layoff17

  11. term of the collective contract;

  12. procedures for modification18 and rescission of the collective contract;

  13. consultation and handling methods in the event of a dispute arising from the performance of the collective contract;

  14. liability for breach19 of the collective contract; and

  15. other matters that, as deemed by both parties, shall undergo consultation.

  Article 9 Labour compensation mainly includes:

  1. wage level, wage distribution system, wage standard and form of wage distribution of the Employer;

  2. method of wage payment;

  3. wage and allowance for overtime20 work, subsidy21 standards and method of bonus distribution;

  4. method of wage adjustment;

  5. wage during probation22 period, sick leave and leave of absence, etc.;

  6. payment method of wage (living expenses) of employees in special circumstances; and

  7. other methods of distribution of labour compensation.

  Article 10 Working hours mainly include:

  1. man-hour system;

  2. procedures for overtime work;

  3. working hours for special types of work; and

  4. labour quota23 standard.

  Article 11 Rest days and leaves mainly include:

  1. daily rest time, weekly rest day arrangement and annual leave procedures;

  2. rest days and leaves for employees on which standard man hours may not be implemented24; and

  3. other holidays.

  Article 12 Labour safety and hygiene mainly includes:

  1. responsibility system for labour safety and hygiene;

  2. labour conditions and safety technical measures;

  3. safe operation procedures;

  4. standard for distribution of labour protection supplies; and

  5. periodic health examination and vocational health examination.

  Article 13 Supplementary insurance and welfare benefits mainly include:

  1. types and scope of supplementary insurance benefits;

  2. basic welfare system and welfare facilities;

  3. extension of medical treatment period and the benefits during such extension; and

  4. welfare system for the relatives of employees.

  Article 14 Special protection for female employees and minor workers mainly includes:

  1. work that should be avoided to be carried out by female employees and minor workers;

  2. labour protection for female employees during menstrual, pregnancy25confinement26 and nursing periods;

  3. periodic health examination for female employees and minor workers; and

  4. system for use and registration27 of minor workers.

  Article 15 Vocational skill training mainly includes:

  1. project planning and annual plan of vocational skill training;

  2. withdrawal28 and utilization29 of vocational skill training funds; and

  3. measures to safeguard and improve vocational skill training.

  Article 16 Labour contract management mainly includes:

  1. time of conclusion of labour contracts;

  2. conditions for determining the term of labour contracts;

  3. general principles for modification, rescission and extension of labour contracts and conditions for termination of open-term labour contracts; and

  4. conditions and duration of the probation period.

  Article 17 Reward and punishment mainly includes:

  1. labour discipline;

  2. evaluation30 system for reward and punishment; and

  3. procedures for reward and punishment.

  Article 18 Layoff mainly includes:

  1. layoff proposal;

  2. layoff procedures; and

  3. implementing31 method and compensation standard for layoff.

  PART THREE COLLECTIVE CONSULTATION REPRESENTATIVES

  Article 19 For the purposes of these Provisions, the term “collective consultation representatives” (Consultation Representatives) means personnel that have been produced in accordance with statutory procedures and that have the authority to engage in collective consultation for the interests of their own party.

  Each party in collective consultation shall have an equal number of representatives, which shall be at least three, and shall decide on one chief representative.

  Article 20 The Consultation Representatives of the employees shall be selected by the labour union of the work unit. Where no labour union has been established, such representatives shall be recommended democratically by the employees of the work unit, and shall be agreed upon by over half of the employees.

  The position of chief representative of the employees shall be assumed by the chairman of the labour union of the work unit. The chairman of the labour union may appoint in writing another Consultation Representative to be the chief representative. If the chairman position of the labour union is vacant, the position of chief representative shall be assumed by the main responsible person of the labour union. Where no labour union has been established, the chief representative of the employees shall be elected democratically from the Consultation Representatives.

  Article 21 The Consultation Representatives of the Employer shall be appointed by the legal representative of the Employer, and the position of chief representative shall be assumed by the legal representative of the work unit or by another management personnel appointed by the legal representative in writing.

  Article 22 The time period during which a Consultation Representative shall perform his duties shall be determined32 by the party being represented.

  Article 23 The chief representative of both parties in collective consultation may appoint in writing professional personnel outside the work unit as a Consultation Representative of his party. The number of appointed persons shall not exceed one-third of the representatives of the party.

  Personnel from outside the work unit may not act as a chief representative.

  Article 24 A Consultation Representative of the Employer or the employees shall not serve concurrently33 as a Consultation Representative of the other party.

  Article 25 A Consultation Representative shall perform the following duties:

  1. participate in collective consultation;

  2. accept inquiries34 from the party he represents, and announce the status of consultation to, and solicit35 opinion from, the personnel of the party he represents in a timely manner;

  3. provide details and information relating to the collective consultation;

  4. participate on behalf of the party he represents in the handling of disputes in collective consultation;

  5. supervise the performance of collective contracts or special collective contracts; and

  6. other duties stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

  Article 26 A Consultation Representative shall safeguard the normal production and working order of his work unit, and shall not commit acts such as threat, bribery36 or fraud.

  A Consultation Representative shall maintain the confidentiality37 of the trade secrets of the Employer learned during the course of collective consultation.

  Article 27 The participation38 of internal Consultation Representative of enterprises in collective consultation shall be deemed as having provided normal labour.

  Article 28 If the term of the labour contract of a Consultation Representative of the employees expires during the period in which he performs his duties as a Consultation Representative, the term of the labour contract shall automatically be extended until the completion of the performance of the duties, and the Employer shall not terminate the labour contract with him unless he is in any of the following circumstances:

  1. has seriously violated labour discipline or the system of rules and regulations legally formulated by the Employer;

  2. is seriously derelict in his duties or practises graft39, causing major damage to the interests of the Employer; or

  3. his criminal liability has been pursued in accordance with the law.

  During the period in which the Consultation Representative of the employees performs his duties in such capacity, the Employer shall not adjust his work post without proper reason.

  Article 29 If a Consultation Representative of the employees has a dispute with the Employer regarding Article 27 or 28 hereof, he may apply to the local labour dispute arbitration40 commission for arbitration.

  Article 30 The labour union may replace the Consultation Representatives of the employees. Where no labour union has been established, the Consultation Representatives of the employees may be replaced with the consent of over half of the employees of the work unit.

  The legal representative of the Employer may replace the Consultation Representatives of the Employer.

  Article 31 Where a vacancy41 of Consultation Representative is created by replacement42, resignation or an event of force majeure, a new representative shall be produced within 15 days of the date of vacancy in accordance with these Provisions.

  PART FOUR PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTIVE CONSULTATION

  Article 32 Either party in collective consultation may request the other party in writing to undertake collective consultation regarding a collective contract or special collective contract as well as relevant matters.

  If a party requests for collective consultation, the other party shall respond in writing within 20 days of the date of receipt of the request for collective consultation, and shall not refuse to undertake collective consultation without proper reason.

  Article 33 Consultation Representatives shall carry out the following preparatory work before consultation:

  1. familiarize themselves with the laws, regulations, rules and systems relating to the content of the collective consultation;

  2. understand the details and information relating to the content of the collective consultation, and collect the opinions of the Employer and the employees on the intent of the consultation;

  3. determine the agenda of the collective consultation, which may be drafted by one of the parties in the consultation or jointly43 by the representatives appointed by both parties;

  4. determine matters such as the time and venue44 of the collective consultation; and

  5. jointly decide on a person that is not a Consultation Representative to be the note taker of the collective consultation. The note taker shall remain neutral and impartial45, and shall maintain confidentiality for the parties in the collective consultation.

  Article 34 A collective consultation meeting shall be presided over by the chief representative of each party in turn, and shall proceed in accordance with the following procedure:

  1. the agenda and the discipline of the meeting shall be announced;

  2. the chief representative of one party shall present the specific subject of consultation and the demand, and the chief representative of the other party shall respond to the demand of the other party;

  3. both parties in the consultation shall give their opinions and engage in full discussion of the matters under consultation; and

  4. the chief representatives of both parties shall conclude their opinions. If a consensus46 is reached, a draft collective contract or special collective contract shall be formed and signed by the chief representatives of both parties.

  Article 35 If a consensus is not reached or an unexpected problem arises in the collective consultation, consultation may be suspended upon consultation of both parties. The term of suspension and the time, venue and content of renewed consultation shall be agreed upon jointly by both parties.

  PART FIVE CONCLUSION, MODIFICATION, RESCISSION AND TERMINATION OF COLLECTIVE CONTRACTS

  Article 36 A draft collective contract or special collective contract on which unanimity47 has been reached by the Consultation Representatives of both parties through consultation shall be submitted to employees representative meeting or all employees for discussion.

  The employees representative meeting or all employees that discuss the draft collective contract or special collective contract shall be attended by over two-thirds of the employee representatives or all employees; and the draft collective contract or special collective contract shall be adopted only with the consent of over half of the employee representatives or over half of all employees.

  Article 37 After a draft collective contract or special collective contract has been adopted by the employees representative meeting or the employees meeting, it shall be signed by the chief representatives of both parties in collective consultation.

  Article 38 The term of a collective contract or special collective contract shall be one to three years in general, and shall immediately be terminated when the term expires or when the conditions for termination agreed upon by both parties arise.

  Within three months prior to the expiration49 of the term of the collective contract or special collective contract, either party may request to the other party for a renewed conclusion or extension.

  Article 39 Where the Consultation Representatives of both parties have reached a unanimous decision, a collective contract or special collective contract may be modified or rescinded50.

  Article 40 A collective contract or special collective contract may be modified or rescinded in any of the following circumstances:

  1. the Employer undergoes merger51, dissolution or becomes insolvent52rendering53 it impossible to perform the collective contract or special collective contract;

  2. it is impossible to perform part or all of the collective contract or special collective contract due to reasons such as force majeure;

  3. the conditions for modification or rescission of the collective contract or special collective contract arise; or

  4. other circumstances stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

  Article 41 The procedure for collective consultation hereof shall apply to the modification or rescission of collective contracts or special collective contracts.

  PART SIX EXAMINATION OF COLLECTIVE CONTRACTS

  Article 42 After a collective contract or special collective contract has been concluded or modified, it shall be submitted by the Employer to the administrative department of labour security in triplicate within 10 days of the date on which it is signed by the chief representatives of both parties.

  The administrative department of labour security shall register the collective contract or special collective contract submitted.

  Article 43 Territorial54 jurisdiction55 applies to the examination of collective contracts or special collective contracts. The specific scope of jurisdiction shall be stipulated by the administrative departments of labour security at provincial56 level.

  Collective contracts of enterprises that are governed by the central government and Employers that are across provinces, autonomous57 regions or municipalities directly under the central government shall be submitted to the Ministry of Labour Security or the administrative department of labour security at provincial level designated by the Ministry of Labour Security.

  Article 44 The administrative department of labour security shall conduct a legal compliance examination of the following matters in regards to the submitted collective contracts or special collective contracts:

  1. whether the qualifications of both parties in the collective consultation comply with the provisions of laws, regulations and rules;

  2. whether the procedure for collective consultation violate the provisions of laws, regulations and rules; and

  3. whether the contents of the collective contract or special collective contract are in conflict with State provisions.

  Article 45 If the administrative department of labour security advances objection to a collective contract or special collective contract, it shall deliver an Examination Opinion to the Consultation Representatives of both parties within 15 days of the date of receipt of the text. The Examination Opinion shall specify58 the following particulars:

  1. the name and address of both parties to the collective contract or special collective contract;

  2. the time of receipt of the collective contract or special collective contract by the administrative department of labour security;

  3. the examination opinion; and

  4. the time at which the examination opinion is rendered.

  The seal of the administrative department of labour security shall be affixed59 to the Examination Opinion.

  Article 46 If an Employer and its employees conclude a new collective contract or special collective contract through collective consultation regarding the matters to which the administrative department of labour security has advanced objection, the Employer shall submit the text to the administrative department of labour security for examination in accordance with Article 42 hereof.

  Article 47 Where the administrative department of labour security has not advanced any objection within 15 days of the date of receipt of the text, the collective contract or special collective contract shall come into immediate48 effect.

  Article 48 A collective contract or special collective contract that is in effect shall, as of its effective date, be announced by the Consultation Representative to all personnel of his party in a timely and appropriate manner.

  PART SEVEN COORDINATION60 OF HANDLING OF DISPUTES IN COLLECTIVE CONSULTATION

  Article 49 If a dispute arises in the course of collective consultation and it cannot be resolved by both parties through consultation, either party or both parties may apply in writing to the administrative department of labour security for coordination of handling. Where no application has been made, the administrative department of labour security may carry out coordination of handling if it deems such action necessary.

  Article 50 The administrative department of labour security shall organize the personnel from three sides such as the labour union and the enterprise organization at the same level to jointly coordinate61 the handling of disputes in collective consultation.

  Article 51 Territorial jurisdiction applies to the handling of disputes in collective consultation. The specific scope of jurisdiction shall be stipulated by the administrative departments of labour security at provincial level.

  The handling of disputes arising from collective consultation in enterprises that are governed by the central government and Employers that are across provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government shall be coordinated62 by the administrative department of labour security at provincial level designated by the Ministry of Labour Security by organizing the personnel from three sides such as the labour union and the enterprise organization at the same level. If necessary, the Ministry of Labour Security may organize the relevant authorities to coordinate the handling.

  Article 52 When coordinating63 the handling of a dispute in collective consultation, the coordination of handling shall be completed within 30 days of the date of acceptance of the application for coordination of handling. If the coordination of handling is not completed by the end of the time limit, the period for coordination of handling may be appropriately extended, but the extension may not exceed 15 days.

  Article 53 Coordination of handling of disputes in collective consultation shall be carried out in accordance with the following procedure:

  1. accept the application for coordination of handling;

  2. investigate and understand the dispute;

  3. study and formulate3 a plan for coordination of handling of the dispute;

  4. coordinate the handling of the dispute; and

  5. prepare a Coordination of Handling Agreement.

  Article 54 A Coordination of Handling Agreement shall specify the application for coordination of handling, the facts of the dispute and the result of the coordination. If both parties fail to reach a consensus on certain matters under consultation, the relevant matters that shall continue to be consulted shall be specified64. The Coordination of Handling Agreement shall come into effect after it has been signed and sealed by the personnel coordinating the handling of disputes in collective consultation and the chief representatives of both parties of the dispute. Both parties of the dispute shall comply with the Coordination of Handling Agreement after it comes into effect.

  PART EIGHT SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

  Article 55 If the parties fail to resolve a dispute arising from the performance of a collective contract through consultation, they may apply to the labour dispute arbitration commission for arbitration in accordance with the law.

  Article 56 If an Employer refuses the request for collective consultation of the labour union or the employee representatives without proper reason, the matter shall be handled in accordance with the Labour Union Law and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

  Article 57 These Provisions shall be implemented as of 1 May 2004. The Collective Contract Provisions promulgated by the former Ministry of Labour on 5 December 1994 shall be simultaneously65 repealed66.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 promulgated a4e9ce715ee72e022795b8072a6e618f     
v.宣扬(某事物)( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 );传播;公布;颁布(法令、新法律等)
参考例句:
  • Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达30余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句
2 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部;牧师
参考例句:
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
3 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
4 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
5 standardize UuMwl     
v.使符合标准,使标准化
参考例句:
  • We will extend and standardize legal services and provide effective legal aid.拓展和规范法律服务,积极开展法律援助。
  • There is a drive both to standardise components and to reduce the number of models on offer.正在为实现零部件标准化和减少推出的型号数量而努力。
6 consultation VZAyq     
n.咨询;商量;商议;会议
参考例句:
  • The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
  • The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。
7 lawful ipKzCt     
adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的
参考例句:
  • It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
  • We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
8 implements 37371cb8af481bf82a7ea3324d81affc     
n.工具( implement的名词复数 );家具;手段;[法律]履行(契约等)v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
9 hygiene Kchzr     
n.健康法,卫生学 (a.hygienic)
参考例句:
  • Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
  • He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。
10 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
11 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
12 binding 2yEzWb     
有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的
参考例句:
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
13 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
14 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
15 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的,附加的
参考例句:
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了,我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
16 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
参考例句:
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
17 layoff QpZzCx     
n.临时解雇,操作停止,活动停止期间,失业期
参考例句:
  • Finally, prepare an explanation about what led to your layoff.最后,要准备好一套说辞来解释你被解雇的原因。
  • Workers were re-employed after the layoff.在暂时解雇不久后工人们又被再度雇用了。
18 modification tEZxm     
n.修改,改进,缓和,减轻
参考例句:
  • The law,in its present form,is unjust;it needs modification.现行的法律是不公正的,它需要修改。
  • The design requires considerable modification.这个设计需要作大的修改。
19 breach 2sgzw     
n.违反,不履行;破裂;vt.冲破,攻破
参考例句:
  • We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
  • He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。
20 overtime aKqxn     
adj.超时的,加班的;adv.加班地
参考例句:
  • They are working overtime to finish the work.为了完成任务他们正在加班加点地工作。
  • He was paid for the overtime he worked.他领到了加班费。
21 subsidy 2U5zo     
n.补助金,津贴
参考例句:
  • The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence.那个大学将得到一笔人工智能研究的补助费。
  • The living subsidy for senior expert's family is included in the remuneration.报酬已包含高级专家家人的生活补贴。
22 probation 41zzM     
n.缓刑(期),(以观后效的)察看;试用(期)
参考例句:
  • The judge did not jail the young man,but put him on probation for a year.法官没有把那个年轻人关进监狱,而且将他缓刑察看一年。
  • His salary was raised by 800 yuan after his probation.试用期满以后,他的工资增加了800元。
23 quota vSKxV     
n.(生产、进出口等的)配额,(移民的)限额
参考例句:
  • A restricted import quota was set for meat products.肉类产品设定了进口配额。
  • He overfulfilled his production quota for two months running.他一连两个月超额完成生产指标。
24 implemented a0211e5272f6fc75ac06e2d62558aff0     
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
25 pregnancy lPwxP     
n.怀孕,怀孕期
参考例句:
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
26 confinement qpOze     
n.幽禁,拘留,监禁;分娩;限制,局限
参考例句:
  • He spent eleven years in solitary confinement.他度过了11年的单独监禁。
  • The date for my wife's confinement was approaching closer and closer.妻子分娩的日子越来越近了。
27 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
28 withdrawal Cfhwq     
n.取回,提款;撤退,撤军;收回,撤销
参考例句:
  • The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
  • They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。
29 utilization Of0zMC     
n.利用,效用
参考例句:
  • Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
  • Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式,完全驳倒了这种想象。
30 evaluation onFxd     
n.估价,评价;赋值
参考例句:
  • I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
  • The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。
31 implementing be68540dfa000a0fb38be40d32259215     
v.实现( implement的现在分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句
32 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
33 concurrently 7a0b4be5325a98c61c407bef16b74293     
adv.同时地
参考例句:
  • He was given two twelve month sentences to run concurrently. 他两罪均判12个月监禁,同期执行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁,同期执行。 来自辞典例句
34 inquiries 86a54c7f2b27c02acf9fcb16a31c4b57     
n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 );疑问;探究;打听
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending further inquiries. 他获得保释,等候进一步调查。
  • I have failed to reach them by postal inquiries. 我未能通过邮政查询与他们取得联系。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
35 solicit AFrzc     
vi.勾引;乞求;vt.请求,乞求;招揽(生意)
参考例句:
  • Beggars are not allowed to solicit in public places.乞丐不得在公共场所乞讨。
  • We should often solicit opinions from the masses.我们应该经常征求群众意见。
36 bribery Lxdz7Z     
n.贿络行为,行贿,受贿
参考例句:
  • FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
  • He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。
37 confidentiality 7Y2yc     
n.秘而不宣,保密
参考例句:
  • They signed a confidentiality agreement. 他们签署了一份保守机密的协议。
  • Cryptography is the foundation of supporting authentication, integrality and confidentiality. 而密码学是支持认证、完整性和机密性机制的基础。
38 participation KS9zu     
n.参与,参加,分享
参考例句:
  • Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
  • The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
39 graft XQBzg     
n.移植,嫁接,艰苦工作,贪污;v.移植,嫁接
参考例句:
  • I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。
  • The minister became rich through graft.这位部长透过贪污受贿致富。
40 arbitration hNgyh     
n.调停,仲裁
参考例句:
  • The wage disagreement is under arbitration.工资纠纷正在仲裁中。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding.双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
41 vacancy EHpy7     
n.(旅馆的)空位,空房,(职务的)空缺
参考例句:
  • Her going on maternity leave will create a temporary vacancy.她休产假时将会有一个临时空缺。
  • The vacancy of her expression made me doubt if she was listening.她茫然的神情让我怀疑她是否在听。
42 replacement UVxxM     
n.取代,替换,交换;替代品,代用品
参考例句:
  • We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
  • They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。
43 jointly jp9zvS     
ad.联合地,共同地
参考例句:
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
  • She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
44 venue ALkzr     
n.犯罪地点,审判地,管辖地,发生地点,集合地点
参考例句:
  • The hall provided a venue for weddings and other functions.大厅给婚礼和其他社会活动提供了场所。
  • The chosen venue caused great controversy among the people.人们就审判地点的问题产生了极大的争议。
45 impartial eykyR     
adj.(in,to)公正的,无偏见的
参考例句:
  • He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
  • Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。
46 consensus epMzA     
n.(意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识
参考例句:
  • Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗?
  • What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么?
47 unanimity uKWz4     
n.全体一致,一致同意
参考例句:
  • These discussions have led to a remarkable unanimity.这些讨论导致引人注目的一致意见。
  • There is no unanimity of opinion as to the best one.没有一个公认的最好意见。
48 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
49 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
参考例句:
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
50 rescinded af55efaa19b682d01a73836890477058     
v.废除,取消( rescind的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning. 被撤销的民事行为从行为开始起无效。 来自互联网
  • They accepted his advice and rescinded the original plan. 他们听从了他的劝告,撤销了原计划。 来自互联网
51 merger vCJxG     
n.企业合并,并吞
参考例句:
  • Acceptance of the offer is the first step to a merger.对这项提议的赞同是合并的第一步。
  • Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.股东们将投票表决公司合并问题。
52 insolvent wb7zK     
adj.破产的,无偿还能力的
参考例句:
  • They lost orders and were insolvent within weeks.他们失去了订货,几周后就无法偿还债务。
  • The bank was declared insolvent.银行被宣布破产。
53 rendering oV5xD     
n.表现,描写
参考例句:
  • She gave a splendid rendering of Beethoven's piano sonata.她精彩地演奏了贝多芬的钢琴奏鸣曲。
  • His narrative is a super rendering of dialect speech and idiom.他的叙述是方言和土语最成功的运用。
54 territorial LImz4     
adj.领土的,领地的
参考例句:
  • The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
  • They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。
55 jurisdiction La8zP     
n.司法权,审判权,管辖权,控制权
参考例句:
  • It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
  • Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。
56 provincial Nt8ye     
adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人
参考例句:
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
  • Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。
57 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
58 specify evTwm     
vt.指定,详细说明
参考例句:
  • We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
  • Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。
59 affixed 0732dcfdc852b2620b9edaa452082857     
adj.[医]附着的,附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 );粘贴;加以;盖(印章)
参考例句:
  • The label should be firmly affixed to the package. 这张标签应该牢牢地贴在包裹上。
  • He affixed the sign to the wall. 他将标记贴到墙上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
60 coordination Ho8zt     
n.协调,协作
参考例句:
  • Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
  • The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好,使演出更具魅力。
61 coordinate oohzt     
adj.同等的,协调的;n.同等者;vt.协作,协调
参考例句:
  • You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
  • Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。
62 coordinated 72452d15f78aec5878c1559a1fbb5383     
adj.协调的
参考例句:
  • The sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。
  • The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
63 coordinating fc35d08ba9bb2dcfdc96033a33b9ae1e     
v.使协调,使调和( coordinate的现在分词 );协调;协同;成为同等
参考例句:
  • He abolished the Operations Coordinating Board and the Planning Board. 他废除了行动协调委员会和计划委员会。 来自辞典例句
  • He's coordinating the wedding, and then we're not going to invite him? 他是来协调婚礼的,难道我们不去请他? 来自电影对白
64 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
65 simultaneously 4iBz1o     
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
参考例句:
  • The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
  • The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
66 repealed 3d9f89fff28ae1cbe7bc44768bc7f02d     
撤销,废除( repeal的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The Labour Party repealed the Act. 工党废除了那项法令。
  • The legislature repealed the unpopular Rent Act. 立法机关废除了不得人心的租借法案。
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