英文法律词典 A-29_法律英语

英文法律词典 A-29

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ABBREVIATORS, eccl. law. Officers whose duty it is to assist in drawing up the Pope's briefs, and reducing petitions into proper form, to be converted into Papal Bulls. Vide Bulls.

ABBROCHMENT, obsolete¹. The forestalling² of a market or fair.

ABDICATION³, government. 1. A simple renunciation of an office, generally understood of a supreme⁴ office. James II. of England; Charles V. of Germany; and Christiana, Queen of Sweden, are said to have abdicated⁵. When James III of England left the kingdom, the Commons voted that he had abdicated the government, and that thereby⁶ the throne had become vacant. The House of Lords preferred the word deserted⁷, but the Commons thought it not comprehensive enough, for then, the king might have the liberty of returning. 2. When inferior magistrates⁸ decline or surrender their offices, they are said to make a resignation. (q.v.)

ABDUCTION, crim. law. The carrying away of any person by force or fraud. This is a misdemeanor punishable by indictment⁹. 1 East, P.C. 458; 1 Russell, 569. The civil remedies are recaption, (q.v.) 3 Inst. 134; Hal. Anal. 46; 3 Bl. Com 4; by writ¹⁰ of habeas corpus; and an action of trespass¹¹, Fitz. N. B. 89; 3 Bl. Com 139, n. 27; Roscoe, Cr. Ev. 193.

ABEARANCE. Behaviour; as, a recognizance to be of good abearance, signifies to be of good behaviour. 4 Bl. Com.,251, 256.

ABEREMURDER, obsolete. An apparent, plain, or downright murder. It was used to distinguish a wilful¹² murder, from a chance-medley, or manslaughter. Spelman; Cowell; Blount.

TO ABET¹³, crim. law. To encourage or set another on to commit a crime. This word is always taken in a bad sense. To abet another to commit a murder, is to command, procure¹⁴, or counsel him to commit it. Old Nat. Brev 21; Col Litt. 475.

ABETTOR, crim. law. One who encourages or incites¹⁵, persuades or sets another on to commit a crime . Such a person is either a principal or, an accessory to the crime. When present, aiding, where a felony is committed, he is guilty as principal in the second degree ; when absent, "he is merelyan accessory. 1. Russell, 21; 1 Leach¹⁶ 66; Foster 428.

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1 obsolete
adj.已废弃的，过时的
参考例句：
These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。 They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。

2 forestalling
v.先发制人，预先阻止( forestall的现在分词 )
参考例句：

3 abdication
n.辞职；退位
参考例句：
The officers took over and forced his abdication in 1947.1947年军官们接管了政权并迫使他退了位。 Abdication is precluded by the lack of a possible successor.因为没有可能的继承人，让位无法实现。

4 supreme
adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的
参考例句：
It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。 He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

5 abdicated
放弃（职责、权力等）( abdicate的过去式和过去分词 )；退位，逊位
参考例句：
He abdicated in favour of his son. 他把王位让给了儿子。 King Edward Ⅷ abdicated in 1936 to marry a commoner. 国王爱德华八世于1936年退位与一个平民结婚。

6 thereby
adv.因此，从而
参考例句：
I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。 He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

7 deserted
adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的
参考例句：
The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。 The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。

8 magistrates
地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 )
参考例句：
to come up before the magistrates 在地方法院出庭 He was summoned to appear before the magistrates. 他被传唤在地方法院出庭。

9 indictment
n.起诉；诉状
参考例句：
He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。 They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。

10 writ
n.命令状，书面命令
参考例句：
This is a copy of a writ I received this morning.这是今早我收到的书面命令副本。 You shouldn't treat the newspapers as if they were Holy Writ. 你不应该把报上说的话奉若神明。

11 trespass
n./v.侵犯，闯入私人领地
参考例句：
The fishing boat was seized for its trespass into restricted waters.渔船因非法侵入受限制水域而被扣押。 The court sentenced him to a fine for trespass.法庭以侵害罪对他判以罚款。

12 wilful
adj.任性的，故意的
参考例句：
A wilful fault has no excuse and deserves no pardon.不能宽恕故意犯下的错误。 He later accused reporters of wilful distortion and bias.他后来指责记者有意歪曲事实并带有偏见。

13 abet
v.教唆，鼓励帮助
参考例句：
Do not abet your friend to pry into other people's privacy.不要唆使朋友去窥探别人隐私。 Be do grateful to those who rebuke you,because they abet your wisdom!一定要感激那些斥责你的人，因为他们助长了你的智慧！

14 procure
vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条
参考例句：
Can you procure some specimens for me?你能替我弄到一些标本吗？ I'll try my best to procure you that original French novel.我将尽全力给你搞到那本原版法国小说。

15 incites
刺激，激励，煽动( incite的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
In all countries any person who incites others to insurrection is guilty of treason. 在任何国家里，煽动他人谋反者，都属犯叛国罪。 The success of the handicapped man incites us to pursue our dreams. 这位残疾人的成功激励我们追求自己的梦想。

16 leach
v.分离，过滤掉；n.过滤；过滤器
参考例句：
Liquid water can leach soluble materials from the interface.液态水能够从界面溶解出可溶性物质。 They believe that the humic materials are leached from decaying plant materials.他们认为腐植物料是从腐烂的植物体浸沥而来。

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