英文法律词典 D-64_法律英语

英文法律词典 D-64

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DIRECTORY. That which points out a thing or course of proceeding¹; for example, a directory law.

DIRIMANT IMPEDIMENTS, canon law. Those bars to a marriage, which, if consummated², render it null. They differ from prohibitive impediments. (q. v.)

DISABILITY. The want of legal capacity to do a thing.

2. Persons may be under disability, 1. To make contracts. 2. To bring actions.

3. - 1. Those who want understanding; as idiots, lunatics, drunkards, and infants or freedom to exercise their will, as married women, and persons in duress³; or who, in consequence of their situation, are forbidden by the policy of the law to enter into contracts, as trustees, executors, administrators⁴, or guardians⁶, are under disabilities to make contracts. See Pa7-ties; Contracts.

4. - 2. The disabilities to sue are, 1. Alienage, when the alien is an enemy. Bac. Ab. Abatement⁷, B 3; Id. Alien, E: Com. Dig. Abatement , K; Co. Litt. 129. 2. Coverture; unless as co-plaintiff with her hushand, a married woman cannot sue. 3. Infancy⁹; unless he appears by guardian⁵ or prochein ami. Co. Litt. 135, b; 2 Saund. 117, f, n. 1 Bac. Ab. Infancy, K 2 Conn. 357; 7 John. 373; Gould, Pl. c. 5, §54. 4. That no such person as that named has any existence, is not, or never was, in rerum natura. Com. Dig. Abatement, E 16, 17; 1 Chit. Pl. 435; Gould on Pl. c. 5, §58; Lawes' Pl. 104; 19 John. 308. By the law of England there are other disabilities; these are, 1. Outlawry¹⁰. 2. Attainder. 3. Praemunire. 4. Popish recusancy. 5. Monachism.

5. In the acts of limitation it is provided that persons lying under certain disabilities, such as being non compos, an infant, in prison, or under coverture, shall have the right to bring actions after the disability shall have been removed.

6. In the construction of this saving in the acts, it has been decided¹¹ that two disabilities shall not be joined when they occur in different persons; as, if a right of entry accrue¹² to a feme covert⁸, and during the coverture she die, and the right descends¹³ to her infant son. But the rule is otherwise when there are several disabilities in the same person; as, if the right accrues¹⁴ to an infant, and before he has attained¹⁵ his full age, he becomes non compos mentis; in this case he may establish his right after the removal of the last disability. 2 Prest. Abs. of Tit. 341 Shep. To. 31; 3 Tho. Co. Litt. pl. 18, note L; 2 H. Bl. 584; 5 Whart. R. 377. Vide Incapacity.

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1 proceeding
n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报
参考例句：
This train is now proceeding from Paris to London.这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。 The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。

2 consummated
v.使结束( consummate的过去式和过去分词 )；使完美；完婚；（婚礼后的）圆房
参考例句：
The marriage lasted only a week and was never consummated. 那段婚姻仅维持了一星期，期间从未同房。 We consummated an agreement after a year of negotiation. 经过一年的谈判，我们达成了协议。来自《简明英汉词典》

3 duress
n.胁迫
参考例句：
He claimed that he signed the confession under duress.他说他是被迫在认罪书上签字的。 These unequal treaties were made under duress.这些不平等条约是在强迫下签订的。

4 administrators
n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师
参考例句：
He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。来自辞典例句 Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。来自汉英文学 - 围城

5 guardian
n.监护人；守卫者，保护者
参考例句：
The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。 The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。

6 guardians
监护人( guardian的名词复数 )；保护者，维护者
参考例句：
Farmers should be guardians of the countryside. 农民应是乡村的保卫者。 The police are guardians of law and order. 警察是法律和秩序的护卫者。

7 abatement
n.减(免)税，打折扣，冲销
参考例句：
A bag filter for dust abatement at the discharge point should be provided.在卸料地点应该装设袋滤器以消除粉尘。 The abatement of the headache gave him a moment of rest.头痛减轻给他片刻的休息。

8 covert
adj.隐藏的；暗地里的
参考例句：
We should learn to fight with enemy in an overt and covert way.我们应学会同敌人做公开和隐蔽的斗争。 The army carried out covert surveillance of the building for several months.军队对这座建筑物进行了数月的秘密监视。

9 infancy
n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期
参考例句：
He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。 Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。

10 outlawry
宣布非法，非法化，放逐
参考例句：

11 decided
adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的
参考例句：
This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。 There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

12 accrue
v.(利息等)增大，增多
参考例句：
Ability to think will accrue to you from good habits of study.思考能力将因良好的学习习惯而自然增强。 Money deposited in banks will accrue to us with interest.钱存在银行，利息自生。

13 descends
v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜
参考例句：
This festival descends from a religious rite. 这个节日起源于宗教仪式。来自《简明英汉词典》 The path descends steeply to the village. 小路陡直而下直到村子。来自《简明英汉词典》

14 accrues
v.增加( accrue的第三人称单数 )；（通过自然增长）产生；获得；（使钱款、债务）积累
参考例句：
If you put money in the bank, interest accrues. 如你将钱存于银行，则自然生息。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》 Interest accrues on a bank accout. 银行账户的利息在增长。来自《简明英汉词典》

15 attained
（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )；达到；获得；达到（某年龄、水平、状况）
参考例句：
She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。 Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

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