英文法律词典 D-67_法律英语

英文法律词典 D-67

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DISCHARGED. Released, or liberated¹ from custody². It is not equivalent to acquitted³ in a declaration for a malicious⁴ prosecution⁵. 2 Yeates, 475 2 Term Rep. 231; 1 Strange, 114; Doug. 205 3 Leon. 100.

DISCLAIMER. This word signifies. to abandon, to renounce⁶; also the act by which the renunciation is made. For example, a disclaimer is the act by which a patentee renounces⁷ a part of his title of invention,

2. In real actions, a disclaimer of the tenancy or title is frequently added to the plea of non tenure⁸. Litt. §391. If the action be one in which the demandant cannot recover damages, as formedon in the discender, the demandant or plaintiff was bound to pray judgment⁹, &c., and enter, for thereby¹⁰, he has the effect of his suit, et frustra fit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora. But, if the demandant can recover damages and is unwilling¹¹ to waive¹² them, he should answer the disclaimer by averring¹³ that the defendant¹⁴ is tenant¹⁵ of the land, or claims to be such as the writ¹⁶ supposes, and proceed to try the question, otherwise he would lose his damages. The same course may be pursued in the action of ejectment, although in Pennsylvania, the formality of such a replication to the disclaimer is dispensed¹⁷ with, and the fact is tried without it. 5 Watts¹⁸, 70; 3 Barr, 367. Yet, if the plaintiff is willing to waive his claim for damages, there is no reason why he may not ask for judgment upon the disclaimer without trial, for thereby he has the effect of his suit. Et frustra fit per plura, &c.

DISCLAIMER, chancery pleading. The renunciation of the defendant to all claims to the subject of the demand made by the plaintiff's bill.

2. A disclaimer is distinct in substance from an answer, though sometimes confounded with it, but it seldom can be put in without an answer for if the defendant has been made a party by mistake, having had an interest which be has parted with, the plaintiff may require an answer sufficient to ascertain¹⁹ whether that is the fact or not. Mitf. Pl. 11, 14, 253; Coop. Eq. Pl. 309; Story, Eq. Pl. c. 17, §838 to 844; 4 Bouv. Inst. n. 4211-14.

DISCLAIMER, estates. The act of a party by which be refuses to accept of an estate which has been conveyed to him. Vide Assent²⁰; Dissent²¹.

2. It is said, that a disclaimer of a freehold estate must be in a court of record, because a freehold shall not be divested²² by bare words, in pais. Cruise, Dig. tit. 32, c. 2 6, s. 1, 2.

3. A disclaimer of tenancy is the act of a person in possession, who denies holding the estate from the person claiming to be the owner of it. 2 Nev. & M. 672. Vide 8 Vin.. Ab. 501; Coote, L. & T. 348, 375; F. N. B. 179 k; Bull. N. P. 96; 16 East, R. 99; 1 Man. & Gran. 135; S. C. 39 Eng. C. L. Rep. 380, 385; 10 B. & Cr. 816; ow, N. P. Cas. 180; 2 Nov. & Man. 673; 1 C. M. & R. 398 Co. Litt. 102, a.

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1 liberated
a.无拘束的，放纵的
参考例句：
The city was liberated by the advancing army. 军队向前挺进，解放了那座城市。 The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated. 热量引起化学反应，释放出氧气。

2 custody
n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留
参考例句：
He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。 He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

3 acquitted
宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )；使（自己）作出某种表现
参考例句：
The jury acquitted him of murder. 陪审团裁决他谋杀罪不成立。 Five months ago she was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 五个月前她被宣判未犯入店行窃罪。

4 malicious
adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的
参考例句：
You ought to kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当反击这种恶毒的污蔑。 Their talk was slightly malicious.他们的谈话有点儿心怀不轨。

5 prosecution
n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营
参考例句：
The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。 He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

6 renounce
v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系
参考例句：
She decided to renounce the world and enter a convent.她决定弃绝尘世去当修女。 It was painful for him to renounce his son.宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。

7 renounces
v.声明放弃( renounce的第三人称单数 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃
参考例句：
Japan renounces all right, title and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores. 日本放弃对福尔摩沙（台湾）及澎湖的一切权利，主张（名称）及所有权。来自互联网 He renounces Christianity, temporarily straining his relationship with his parents. 他放弃了基督教信仰，从而与父母的关系暂时变得紧张。来自互联网

8 tenure
n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期
参考例句：
He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。 Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。

9 judgment
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。 He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

10 thereby
adv.因此，从而
参考例句：
I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。 He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

11 unwilling
adj.不情愿的
参考例句：
The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。 His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。

12 waive
vt.放弃，不坚持(规定、要求、权力等)
参考例句：
I'll record to our habitat office waive our claim immediately.我立即写信给咱们的总公司提出放弃索赔。 In view of the unusual circumstances,they agree to waive their requirement.鉴于特殊情况，他们同意放弃他们的要求。

13 averring
v.断言( aver的现在分词 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出
参考例句：

14 defendant
n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的
参考例句：
The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。 The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。

15 tenant
n.承租人；房客；佃户；v.租借，租用
参考例句：
The tenant was dispossessed for not paying his rent.那名房客因未付房租而被赶走。 The tenant is responsible for all repairs to the building.租户负责对房屋的所有修理。

16 writ
n.命令状，书面命令
参考例句：
This is a copy of a writ I received this morning.这是今早我收到的书面命令副本。 You shouldn't treat the newspapers as if they were Holy Writ. 你不应该把报上说的话奉若神明。

17 dispensed
v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药）
参考例句：
Not a single one of these conditions can be dispensed with. 这些条件缺一不可。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. 他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

18 watts
（电力计量单位）瓦，瓦特( watt的名词复数 )
参考例句：
My lamp uses 60 watts; my toaster uses 600 watts. 我的灯用60瓦，我的烤面包器用600瓦。 My lamp uses 40 watts. 我的灯40瓦。

19 ascertain
vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清
参考例句：
It's difficult to ascertain the coal deposits.煤储量很难探明。 We must ascertain the responsibility in light of different situtations.我们必须根据不同情况判定责任。

20 assent
v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可
参考例句：
I cannot assent to what you ask.我不能应允你的要求。 The new bill passed by Parliament has received Royal Assent.议会所通过的新方案已获国王批准。

21 dissent
n./v.不同意，持异议
参考例句：
It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。 He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

22 divested
v.剥夺( divest的过去式和过去分词 )；脱去（衣服）；2。从…取去…；1。（给某人）脱衣服
参考例句：
He divested himself of his jacket. 他脱去了短上衣。 He swiftly divested himself of his clothes. 他迅速脱掉衣服。来自《简明英汉词典》

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