INJURY, civil law, In the technical sense of the term it is a delict committed in contempt, or outrage¹ of any one, whereby his body, his dignity, or his reputation, is. maliciously² injured. Voet, Com. ad Pand. lib. 47, t. 10, n. 1.

2. Injuries may be divided into two classes, With reference to the means used by the wrong doer, namely, by words and by acts. The first are called verbal injuries, the latter real.

3. A verbal injury, when directed against a private person, consists in the uttering contumelious words, which tend to expose his character, by making him little or ridiculous. Where the offensive words are uttered in the beat of a dispute, and spoken to the person's face, the law does not presume any malicious³ intention in the utterer, whose resentment⁴ generally subsides⁵ with his passion;, and yet, even in that case, the truth of the injurious words seldom absolves⁶ entirely⁷ from punishment. Where the injurious expressions have a tendency to blacken one's moral character, or fix some particular guilt⁸ upon him, and are deliberately⁹ repeated in different companies, or banded about in whispers to confidants, it then grows up to the crime of slander¹⁰, agreeably to the distinction of the Roman law, 1. 15, 12, de injur.

4. A reat injury is inflicted¹¹ by any fact by which a person's honor or dignity is affected¹²; as striking one with a cane¹³, or even aiming a blow without striking; spitting in one's face; assuming a coat of arms, or any other mark of distinction proper to another, &c. The composing and publish in defamatory libels maybe reckoned of this kind. Ersk. Pr. L. Scot. 4, 4, 45.

INJUSTICE¹⁴. That which is opposed to justice.

2. It is either natural or civil. 1. Natural injustice is the act of doing harm to mankind, by violating natural rights. 2. Civil injustice, is the unlawful violation¹⁵ of civil rights.

INLAGARE. To admit or restore to the benefit of law.

INLAGATION. The restitution¹⁶ of one outlawed¹⁷ to the protection of the law. Bract. lib. 2, c. 14.

INLAND. Within the same country.

2. It seems not to be agreed whether the term inland applies to all the United States or only to one state. It has been holden in Now York that a bill of exchange by one person in one state, on another person in another, is an inland bill of exchange; 5 John. Rep. 375; but a contrary opinion seems to have been held in the circuit court of the United States for Pennsylvania. Whart. Dig. tit. Bills of Exchange, E, pl. 78. Vide 2 Phil. Ev. 36, and Bills of Exchange.