INSURER, contracts. One who has obliged himself to insure the safety of another's property, in consideration of a premium¹ paid, or secured to be paid, to hi.m. It is his duty to pay any loss which has arisen on the property insured. Vide Marsh². Ins. Index,.h. t.; Park. Ins. Index, h. t. Phill. Ins. h. t.; Wesk. Ins. h. t.; Pardess. Index, art. Assureur.

INSURGENT³. One who is concerned in an insurrection. He differs from a rebel in this, that rebel is always understood in a bad sense, or one who unjustly opposes the constituted authorities; insurgent may be one who justly opposes the tyranny of constituted authorities. The colonists⁴ who opposed the tyranny of the English government were insurgents⁵, not rebels.

INSURRECTION. A rebellion of citizens or subjects of a country against its government.

2. The Constitution of the United States, art. 1, s. 8. gives power to congress " to provide for calling forth⁶ the militia⁷ to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel⁸ invasions."

3. By the act of Congress of the 28th of February, 1795, 1 Story's L. U. S. 389, it is provided: 1. That whenever the United States shall be invaded, or be in imminent⁹ danger of invasion, from any foreign nation or Indian tribe, it shall be lawful¹⁰ for the president of the United States to call forth such number, of the militia of the state, or states, most convenient to the place of danger, or scene of action, as he may judge necessary to repel such invasion, and to issue his orders, for that purpose, to such officer or officers of the militia as be shall think proper. And in case of an insurrection in any state, against the government thereof, it shall be lawful for the president of the United States, on application of the legislature of such state, or of the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) to call forth such number of the militia of any other state or states, as may be applied¹¹ for, as he may judge sufficient to suppress such insurrection.

4. - 2 That, whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed, or the execution thereof obstructed¹², in any state, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial¹³ proceedings¹⁴, or by the powers vested in the marshals by this act, it shall be lawful for the president of the United States to call forth the militia of such state, or of any other state or states, as may be necessary to suppress such combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed; and the use of militia so to be called forth may be continued, if necessary, until the expiration¹⁵ of thirty days after the commencement of the then next session of congress.

5. - 3. That whenever it may be necessary, in the judgment¹⁶ of the president, to use the military force hereby directed to be called forth, the president shall forthwith, by proclamation, command such insurgents to disperse¹⁷, and retire peaceably to their respective abodes¹⁸, within a limited time.