MILLED MONEY. This term means merely coined money, and it is not necessary that it should be marked or rolled on the edges. Running's case, Leach¹, 708.

MIL-REIS. The name of a coin. The mil-reis of Portugal is taken as money of account, at the custom-house, to be of the value of one hundred and twelve cents. Act of March 13, 1843.

2. The mil-reis of Azores, is deemed of the value of eighty-three and one-third cents. Act of Match 3, 1843.

3. The mil-reis of Maderia, is deemed of the value of one hundred cents. Id.

MIND AND MEMORY. It is usual in considering the state of a testator at the time of making his will, to ascertain² whether he was of sound mind and memory; that is, whether he had capacity to make a will. These words then import capacity, ability.

MINE. An excavation³ made for obtaining minerals from the bowels⁴ of the earth, and the minerals themselves are known by the name of mine.

2. Mines are therefore considered as open and not open. An open mine is one at which work has been done, and a part of the materials taken out. When land is let on which there is an open mine, the tenant⁵ may, unless restricted by his lease, work the mine; 1 Cru. Dig. 132; 5 Co. R. 12; 1 Chit. Pr. 184, 5; and he may open new pit's or shafts⁶ for working the old vein⁷, for otherwise the working of the same mine might be impracticable. 2 P. Wms. 388; 3 Tho. Co. Litt. 237; 10 Pick. R. 460. A mine not opened, cannot be opened by a tenant for years unless authorized⁸, nor even by a tenant for life, without being guilty of waste. 5 Co. 12.

3. Unless expressly excepted, mines would be included in the conveyance⁹ of land, without being expressly named, and so vice¹⁰ versa, by a grant of a mine, the land itself, the surface above the mine, if livery be made, will pass. Co. Litt. 6; 1 Tho. Co. Litt. 218; Shep. To. 26. Vide, generally, 15 Vin. Ab. 401; 2 Supp. to Ves. jr. 257, and the cases there cited, and 448; Com. Dig. Grant, G 7; Id. Waifs, H. 1; Crabb, R. P. 98-101; 10 East, 273; 1 M. & S. 84; 2 B. & A. 554; 4 Watts¹¹, 223-246.

4. In New York the following provisions have been made in relation to the mines in that state, by the revised statutos, part 1, chapter 9, title 11. It is enacted¹² as follows, by

1. The following mines are, and shall be, the property of this state, in its right of sovereignty. 1. All mines of gold and silver discovered, or hereafter to be discovered, within this state. 2. All mines of other metals discovered, or hereafter to be discovered, upon any lands owned by persons not being citizens of any of the United States. 3. All mines of other metals discovered, or hereafter to be discovered, upon lands oned by a citizen of any of the United States, the ore of which, upon an average, shall contain less than two equal third parts in value, of copper¹³, tin, iron or lead, or any of those metals.

6. - 2. All mines, and all minerals and fossils discovered, or hereafter to be discovered, upon any lands belonging to the people of this state, are, and shall be the property of the people, subject to the provisions hereinafter made to encourage the discovery thereof.

6. - 3. All mines of whatever description, other than mines of gold and silver, discovered or hereafter to be discovered, upon any lauds¹⁴ owned by a citizen of the United states, the ore of which, upon an average, shall contain two equal third parts or more, in value, of copper, tin, iron and lead, or any of those metals, shall belong to the owner of such land.

7. - 4. Every person who shall make a discovery of any mine of gold or silver, within this state, and the executors, administrators¹⁵ or assigns of such person, shall be exempted¹⁶ from paying to the people of this state, any part of the ore, profit or produce of such mine, for the term of twenty-one years, to be computed¹⁷ from the time of giving notice of such discovery, in the manner hereinafter directed.

8. - 5. No person discovering a mine of gold or silver within this state, shall work the same, until he give notice thereof, by information in writing, to the secretary of this state, describing particularly therin the nature and situation of the mine. Such notice shall be registered in a book, to be kept the secretary for that purpose.

9. - 6. After the expiration¹⁸ of the term above specified¹⁹, the discoverer of the mine, or his representatives, shall be preferred in any contract for the working of such mine, made with the legislature or under its authority.

10. - 7. Nothing in this title contained shall affect any grants heretofore made by the legislature, to persons having discovered mines; nor be construed²⁰ to give to any person a right to enter on, or to break up the lands of any other person, or of the people of this state, or to work any mines in such lands, unless the consent, in writing, of the owner thereof, or of the commissioners²¹ of the land office, when the lands belong to the people of this state, shall be previously²² obtained.