英文法律词典 P-90_法律英语

英文法律词典 P-90

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2008-03-21 03:19 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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PRECARIOUS¹ RIGHT. The right which the owner of a thing transfers to another, to enjoy the same until it shall please the owner to revoke² it.

2. If there is a time fixed³ during which the right may be used it is then vested for that time, and cannot be revoked⁴ until after its expiration⁵. Wolff, Inst. 833.

PRECARIUM. The name of a contract among civilians⁶, by which the owner of a thing at the request of another person, gives him a thing to use as long as the owner shall please. Poth. h. t. n. 87. See Yelv. 172; Cro. Jac. 236; 9 Cowen, 687; Roll. R. 128; Bac. Ab. Bailment⁷, c; Ersk. Prin. B. 3, t. 1, n. 9; Wolff, Ins. Nat. 333.

2. A tenancy at will is a right of this kind.

PRECATORY WORDS. Expressions in a will praying or requesting that a thing shall be done.

2. Although recommendatory words used by a testator, of themselves, seem to leave the devisee to act as he may deem proper, giving him a discretion⁸, as when a testator gives an estate to a devisee, and adds that he hopes, recommends, has a confidence, wish or desire that the devisee shall do certain things for the benefit of another person; yet courts of equity⁹ have construed¹⁰ such precatory expressions as creating a trust. 18 Ves. 41; 8 Ves. 380; Bac. Ab. Legacies¹¹, B, Bouv. ed.

3. But this construction will not prevail when either the objects to be benefited are imperfectly described, or the amount of property to which the trust should attach, is not sufficiently¹² defined . 1 Bro. C. C. 142; 1 Sim. 542, 556. See 2 Story, Eq. Jur. 1070; Lewin on Trusts, 77; 4 Bouv. Inst. n. 3953.

PRECEDENCE. The right of being first placed in a certain order, the first rank being supposed the most honorable.

2. In this country no precedence is given by law to men.

3. Nations, in their intercourse¹³ with each other, do not admit any precedence; hence in their treaties in one copy one is named first, and the other in the other. In some cases of officers when one must of necessity act as the chief, the oldest in commission will have precedence; as when the president of a court is not present, the associate who has the oldest commission will have a precedence; or if their. commissions bear the same date, then the oldest man.

4. In. the, army and navy there is an order of precedence which regulates the officers in their command.

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1 precarious
adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的
参考例句：
Our financial situation had become precarious.我们的财务状况已变得不稳定了。 He earned a precarious living as an artist.作为一个艺术家，他过得是朝不保夕的生活。

2 revoke
v.废除，取消，撤回
参考例句：
The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。 The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。

3 fixed
adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的
参考例句：
Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？ Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

4 revoked
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销，取消，废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付，结算可以撤销。来自辞典例句 A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。来自辞典例句

5 expiration
n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物
参考例句：
Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗? This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满，即行终止。

6 civilians
平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )；老百姓
参考例句：
the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀 At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

7 bailment
n.寄托，寄托寄卖
参考例句：
This custom of tea fete is actually a sprit bailment. 这种用茶祭祀的遗风，实是一种精神寄托。 In the history of the U. S. grain market,grain elevators several times fell prey to this temptation,spurred by a lack of clarity in bailment law.在美国谷物市场的历史上，由于保管法不够明晰，谷仓老板们曾几度经受不住诱惑而堕落。

8 discretion
n.谨慎；随意处理
参考例句：
You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。 Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。

9 equity
n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票
参考例句：
They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。 To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

10 construed
v.解释（陈述、行为等）( construe的过去式和过去分词 )；翻译，作句法分析
参考例句：
He considered how the remark was to be construed. 他考虑这话该如何理解。 They construed her silence as meaning that she agreed. 他们把她的沉默解释为表示赞同。来自《简明英汉词典》

11 legacies
n.遗产( legacy的名词复数 )；遗留之物；遗留问题；后遗症
参考例句：
Books are the legacies that a great genius leaves to mankind. 书是伟大的天才留给人类的精神财富。来自辞典例句 General legacies are subject to the same principles as demonstrative legacies. 一般的遗赠要与指定数目的遗赠遵循同样的原则。来自辞典例句

12 sufficiently
adv.足够地，充分地
参考例句：
It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。 The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

13 intercourse
n.性交；交流，交往，交际
参考例句：
The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。 There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。

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