Nearly every workplace has them: the Naysayer, who dismisses team members' ideas; the Spotlight¹ Stealer, who claims credit for a colleague's efforts; and other annoying coworkers who make collaboration² difficult. Following are six professionals whose irritating behaviors and irksome attitudes prevent them from forming productive relationships at work -- and what you should do to avoid following in their footsteps:

几乎每一个工作场所都有这样的人：总是唱反调、否定团队成员的创意；爱出“抢风头”，将同事的功劳据为己有；还有那些不利合作的人。以下六种职业人士，他们令人愤怒的行为和讨人厌的态度使他们难以与人建立良好的工作关系——那么我们应当怎么做才能避免步其后尘呢？

1. The Naysayer. 唱反调的人。This office dweller³ delights in shooting down ideas. Even during "blue sky" brainstorming⁴ sessions, where all suggestions are to be contemplated⁵ with an open mind, the Naysayer immediately pooh-poohs any proposal that challenges the status quo.

这类人以攻击他人的观点为乐。即便在“天马行空”、对所有建议都予以考虑的集体讨论中，唱反调的人会对任何向现状发起挑战的提议进行抨击。

The right approach: Because great solutions often rise from diverse opinions, withhold⁶ comment -- and judgment⁷ -- until the appropriate time. Moreover, be tactful and constructive⁸ when delivering criticism or alternative viewpoints.

正确做法：因为好的解决方案总是从集思广益中产生的，那么把评价留在适当的时刻。另外，在表达批评或不同观点时要表现得得体、有建设性。

2. The Spotlight Stealer. 抢风头的人。There is definitely an "I" in "team" according to this glory seeker, who tries to take full credit for collaborative efforts and impress higher-ups. This overly ambitious corporate⁹ climber never heard a good idea he wouldn't pass off as his own.

在这类对名誉的追求者看来，在“团队”中绝对少不了一个“我”。他们会把团队合作努力的所有功劳归为自有，从而给上级留下印象。太有野心的“职场攀爬者”从来都觉得每一个好点子都出自他自己。

The right approach: Win over the boss and colleagues by being a team player. When receiving kudos¹⁰, for instance, publicly thank everyone who helped you. "I couldn't have done it without..." is a savvy¹¹ phrase to remember.

正确做法：通过作为团队成员来赢得老板和同事的认可。例如，在获得名誉的时候，公开感谢曾经帮助过你的所有人。“如果没有……就没有今天”是一句要记住的聪明话。

3. The Buzzwordsmith. 术语专家。Whether speaking or writing, the Buzzwordsmith sacrifices clarity in favor of showcasing an expansive vocabulary of clichéd business terms. This ineffective communicator loves to "utilize¹²" -- never just "use" -- industry-specific jargon¹³ and obscure acronyms¹⁴ that muddle¹⁵ messages. Favorite buzzwords include "synergistic," "actionable," "monetize," and "paradigm¹⁶ shift."

不论在口头还是书面表达中，术语专家都会避简就繁，拼命展示自己丰富的、专业的陈词滥调。这类失败的交流者喜欢“利用”——而不仅仅是“用”专有的行话及意义模糊的缩写。 他们最喜欢用到的专业词汇包括：“协同的”, “可诉讼的”，“货币化”以及“范例转变”。

The right approach: Be succinct¹⁷. Focus on clarity and minimize misunderstandings by favoring direct, concrete statements. If you're unsure whether the person you are communicating with will understand your message, rephrase it, using "plain English."

正确做法：言简意赅。用直接、具体的语言使语意清晰、尽量减少误解。如果不确定对方是否理解你，用“白话”再解释一遍。