商务英语怎么学:词汇
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2008-10-05 02:44 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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我们学习商务英语,往往不知怎样学,学什么很迷茫。下面,我们就着重谈一谈怎样学习商务英语这一问题。

学习商务英语首先要从英语语言基础入手,由于商务英语涉及到英语的听、说、读、写、译,商务英语学生必须在这些方面有一定的基础。提高听、说、读、写、译水平最根本的办法就是要掌握尽可能多的商务英语词汇、短语、句型和商务英语习惯表达法。商务英语的学生都有一定的英语基础,但对有关商务的词汇、短语、句型掌握得不多,对商务英语语篇不熟悉,因此,首先应该从商务英语词汇等方面开始。下面,就让我们来看一看商务英语词汇等方面的特点。

1、商务英语词汇
英语词汇多达几十万,并且词语表义较为灵活,对上下文的依赖也较大。如,"board"一词,本义为"木板",但在不同上下文中,可以表示"车"、"船"、"伙食"、"会议桌"、"委员会"等。而在商务英语中,"board"往往用来表示"董事会",如,"chairman or president of the board"(董事会主席或董事长);或者,它经常用在FOB (Free on Board,离岸价,船上交货价)价格术语中,意思是"船"。
在商务英语中,有着许多通过引申、转换、添加等手段而获得的有别于普通英语词义的具有"新义"的"旧词"。例如:

literature 在普通英语中,它表示"文学";而在商务英语中,它则表示"printed matters, including leaflets, instruction, product catalogue, price list, etc. (文字宣传资料,诸如产品说明书、产品目录、价目表等)"。 例如:
In order to market our new product,we have printed fine literature.(为了推销新产品,我们印了精美的宣传资料。)

claim 在普通英语中,它的意思是"要求,认领";而在商务英语中,它则表示"demand or request for a thing considered one's due (索赔)"。 例如:
We claimed on that shipping1 company for the loss involved.(我们向轮船公司就有关损失提出索赔。)

reference 在普通英语中,它表示"参考,查阅,提及";而在商务英语中,它的意思是"persons or firms named by a customer asking a supplier for credit, from whom the supplier can get information about the business reputation of the customer (担保人,证明人)"。 例如:
My reference will prove to you that I am efficient and dependable. (我的担保人将向你证明我的工作是高效的,并且我是可信赖的。)

除了属于英语共核部分(English common core)的词汇以外,商务英语还有着其特别的专门词汇。例如:
backlog2: orders to supply, needing to be dealt with quickly (积欠未交货的订单)
e.g. We have a large backlog. (我们积压的订货甚多。)

in-tray: tray for incoming documents (放在办公桌上用来装收到的文件的容器,收文篮;用于盛放将要发出去的文件的容器叫out-tray, 发文篮)
e.g. When l am away,please help to check my in-tray. (我不在的时候,请帮我查看我的收文篮。)

overheads:routine administrative3 and maintenance expenses of a business (公司的日常开支,如电费、文具费、汽车油费等)
e.g. We have some money indeed,but we are very sorry that we cannot return the money now,as we have to consider our overheads. (我们确实有些钱,但是,非常抱歉,我们目前不能还这笔钱,因为我们得考虑我们的日常开销。)

2、商务英语短语
在商务英语背景下,通过搭配而形成了许多专用于商务英语的具有商务特征的短语。例如:
outstanding accounts:accounts that are overdue4 for payment (到期未付的帐)
e.g. We hope the outstanding account can be settled within this month. Otherwise, our accounting5 department will consider changing the conditions of payment for future orders. (我们希望你方本月能将欠帐结清,否则,我方财务部将考虑改变定单支付条件。)

debit6 note: a note in a form similar to an invoice7 but used where an invoice would not be right for the purpose. The debit note relates to charges, such as freight, extra to amounts already invoiced8 for goods, and is also used to correct mistakes such as an amount under-charged in an invoice. (借项通知单,指卖方通知买方更正错误的文件,即:通知买方,因其错误而要借记(增加)买方应收账款账户,向对方补收钱;与之相对的是credit note(贷项通知单)。)
e.g. We shall of course refund9 to you the premium10 upon receipt of your debit note or, if you like, you may draw on us at sight for the amount required. (一收到你们的索款通知单,我们当立即把保险费付还给你们。如果你们愿意的话,也可以开即期汇票向我们收取所需金额。)

unsocial hours:time for overwork (与社交活动冲突的时间、加班的时间)
e.g. We should emphasize the large extra bonus for working in unsocial hours.(我们应当重视对额外加班发高额奖金。)

flexitime system:system of flexible working hours (弹性工作制度:一种根据工作特点灵活确定上下班时间的工作制度。例如,某人每天工作的八个小时内,只有从上午十点钟到下午三点钟是一天中最忙的时间,那么,经商定他可以不在正常的上午八点钟上班,在晚些时候到公司上班;下午也不一定在规定的五点钟下班,可以提前下班。他集中精力的工作时间(如10:00~15:00)叫做core time,灵活的工作时间叫做flexiband)
e.g. The first item on the agenda is a discussion of the management's proposals on flexitime system.(会议安排表的第一项是讨论资方提出的弹性工作制。)

living out of a suitcase: often go on business trips (经常出差在外)
e.g. My husband is a sales-manager.He is a man living out of a suitcase.(我丈夫是销售经理,老是出差在外。)

make five clerks redundant11:dismiss five clerks (裁员五名)
e.g. Our branch is badly overstaffed.We have now decided12 to make eight clerks redundant.(我们分公司严重超员,我们已经决定裁员八名。)

来源:考试大



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1 shipping WESyg     
n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
参考例句:
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
2 backlog bPiyc     
n.积压未办之事
参考例句:
  • It will take a month to clear the backlog of work.要花一个月的时间才能清理完积压的工作。
  • Investment is needed to reduce the backlog of repairs.需要投资来減轻积压的维修工作。
3 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
4 overdue MJYxY     
adj.过期的,到期未付的;早该有的,迟到的
参考例句:
  • The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.飞机晚点了,被坏天气耽搁了。
  • The landlady is angry because the rent is overdue.女房东生气了,因为房租过期未付。
5 accounting nzSzsY     
n.会计,会计学,借贷对照表
参考例句:
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。
6 debit AOdzV     
n.借方,借项,记人借方的款项
参考例句:
  • To whom shall I debit this sum?此款应记入谁的账户的借方?
  • We undercharge Mr.Smith and have to send him a debit note for the extra amount.我们少收了史密斯先生的钱,只得给他寄去一张借条所要欠款。
7 invoice m4exB     
vt.开发票;n.发票,装货清单
参考例句:
  • The seller has to issue a tax invoice.销售者必须开具税务发票。
  • We will then send you an invoice for the total course fees.然后我们会把全部课程费用的发票寄给你。
8 invoiced 730b7317105ec80768096d7792c59c8e     
开发票(invoice的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • The manufacturer invoiced our company for two typewriters. 制造厂家给我公司开了一张两部打字机的发票。
  • Claims for shortage, some electrical appliances invoiced but not delivered. 索赔数量不足,有些电气用品开过发票,但却未到货。 来自商贸英语会话
9 refund WkvzPB     
v.退还,偿还;n.归还,偿还额,退款
参考例句:
  • They demand a refund on unsatisfactory goods.他们对不满意的货品要求退款。
  • We'll refund your money if you aren't satisfied.你若不满意,我们愿意退款给你。
10 premium EPSxX     
n.加付款;赠品;adj.高级的;售价高的
参考例句:
  • You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
  • Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后,清水便因稀而贵了。
11 redundant Tt2yO     
adj.多余的,过剩的;(食物)丰富的;被解雇的
参考例句:
  • There are too many redundant words in this book.这本书里多余的词太多。
  • Nearly all the redundant worker have been absorbed into other departments.几乎所有冗员,都已调往其他部门任职。
12 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
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