It's the time of year when the British taxpayer¹ finds out how much the cost of beer, cigarettes and petrol - amongst other things - will go up in the coming twelve months.
The Budget is the annual financial statement and review of the levels of taxation². The Budget speech includes a statement of the Government's medium-term financial strategy and the short-term economic forecast.

Taxes are used by the government to try to control the British economy as well as to raise revenue to meet expenditure³ for the year.

However, people are mainly interested in how changes in taxes and benefits will affect them. For example, if income tax goes up they will have less money, but parents may be happy because child benefit has risen.

The Budget speech is prepared and delivered by the finance minister, known as the chancellor⁴ of the exchequer⁵, or simply 'the chancellor' for short.

A number of traditions surround the Budget speech. For example, the chancellor gets to his feet in the House of Commons at 12:30 pm. He is heard uninterrupted by members of parliament.

According to tradition, the chancellor is allowed to drink alcohol during the speech, though these days water is preferred.

The statement lasts about an hour. Afterwards, the leader of the opposition⁶ gets a chance to respond and criticise⁷ the government's plans. Four days of general debate follow.

This year's Budget is the first since Gordon Brown became prime minister. Alistair Darling, his replacement⁸ at the Treasury⁹, makes his first Budget speech since becoming chancellor.

GLOSSARY 词汇表

taxpayer
纳税人
 the budget
预算
 
financial statement
财政报告
 taxation
税收
 
medium-term financial strategy
中期金融策略
 short-term economic forecast
短期经济前景预报
 
revenue
收入
 expenditure
支出
 
benefits
福利
 income tax
个人所得税
 
child benefit
儿童福利
 finance minister
财政部长
 
chancellor of the exchequer
（英国对财政部长的称呼）财政大臣
 House of Commons
下院（众议院）
 
uninterrupted
不被打断的
 members of parliament
议会成员
 
leader of the opposition
反对党领导
 criticise
批评
 
general debate
广泛的讨论
 the Treasury
财政部