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第五节 禁忌症 本项中最常用的英语表示法是Contraindications，也有用Restrictions on Use（用药限制）的。 一、本项中涉及到禁用（或慎用）某些药物的患者或某种特殊情况，例如： 1、孕妇、妊娠期或哺乳期，幼童等： pregnant woman 孕妇 lactation 哺乳期 in pregnancy1 妊娠期 children under …years of age …岁以下儿童 the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy 妊娠期的最初三个月 2、患有某些疾病或过敏的患者，如： allergic2 (hypersensitive) to… 对…过敏的 allergic (anaphylactic) reaction 过敏反应 allegy (hypersensitivity) to… 对…过敏 patients with… (who…) 患有…的患者 二、本项中常出现一些疾病名称，例如： cardiac failure 心力衰竭 hypertension 高血压 cardiac (renal) insufficiency 心（肾）功能不全 severe hypotension 严重低血压 impairment of kidney (renal function) 肾功能损伤 diabetes3 糖尿病 liver (hepatic) damage 肝损伤 severe anemia4 严重贫血 三、常见句型 1) 省略句型，只列出禁忌对象或疾病名称等。 例1. Pregnacy, allergy5 to methotrexate, functional6 disorders7 of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow8 hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy - to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers9 of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract10, recent operation wounds. 孕期，对氨甲叶酸过敏，肝、肾功能障碍，血液系统疾病（骨髓机能减退、白细胞及血小板减少、贫血），传染病，口腔及胃溃疡，近期术后伤口等忌用。 例2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency. 对喹喏酮类过敏，严重肾功能不全。 2) 完整的句子或段落。其中常用的结构有： contraindications are… 禁忌症是… be contraindicated in (for) … 对…禁忌 should not be used (employed) in … 不得用于… It is advisable to avoid the use of … 建议不用于… must not be administered (given) to… 对…不得用药 should be used with caution 慎用 be not recommended for… 最好不用于… none reported 未见报道 not known 不清楚 还可能有一些其他的结构。 例3. Cetazolin sodium11 is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics12. 先锋5号禁用于已知对头孢菌素类抗生素过敏的患者。 例4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclo-propane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use. 如果不是临床需要，建议本品不要与环丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉剂合用。 例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid is not recommended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age. 若以前使用丙磺舒曾引起过敏反应，则应禁用。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性肾结石的患者建议不要使用本品，二岁以下儿童不得服用。 例6. Phenothiazine compounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotics, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur. 接受大剂量安眠药的患者不应使用吩噻嗪化合物，对有惊厥病史的患者应慎用，因为已知有发生过癫痫大发作。 例7. Ursosan should not be given to patients suffering from fulminant hepatitis and bile duct obstruction13. 暴发性肝炎及胆管阻塞患者禁用熊去氧胆酸。 例8. This product is contraindicated in those patients who have shown hypersensitivity to it unless, in the opinion of the physician, the condition requiring treatment is life threatening and amenable14 only to amphotencin B therapy. 除非根据医生的意见，认为需要治疗的患者的病情危及生命，并且只有两性霉素治疗才可能使其有所改善之外，对本品过敏的患者禁用本品。 例9. Children under 5 years of age should not be treated with Antistine. 5岁以下儿童禁用敌胺。 例10. The use of Alexan in nursing mothers is not recommended. 哺乳期妇女最好不用爱力生。 例11. Pregnancy: Coumadin is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnat because the drug basses15 through the placental barrier and may cause fatal hemorrhage to the felus in utero. 妊娠期禁用：香豆定禁用于孕妇，或可能已怀孕的妇女，因为本品可能穿过胎盘屏障，引起子宫内胚胎致命的出血。 四、在 Restrictions on use 的项目中有时还有小标题 Contraindications 禁忌症 Precautions (Note) 注意事项 Warning 警告 Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠与哺乳 点击  收听单词发音
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