英文药品说明书的写法6--用量与用法
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2009-10-06 07:22 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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    第六节 用量与用法
  
  本项最常用的英语表示法有:
  
  Dosage and Administration 用(剂)量与用法
  Route of Administration 给药途径(用法)
  Administration 用法
  Direction for Use 用法
  Method of (for) Administration 用法
  Application and Dosage 用法与用(剂)量
  Mode of Application 用法
  Dosage 用(剂)量
  How to Use 用法
  Posology 剂量学
  
  还可能有其他的表示方法。
  
  本项也是阅读的重点,读者必须正确理解本项内容中的给药对象、给药方式、剂量及剂量单位、给药时间等。
  
  1、常用表示剂量的术语
  
  average dose 平均剂量 minimal1 (minimum) dose 最小有效量
  daily dose 日剂量(一日量) multiple dose 多剂量
  divided dose 分次剂量 overdose (overdose) 过量
  fatal (lethal) dose 致死量 single dose 一次剂量
  indicated dose 有效蛴量 standard dose 标准(合适)剂量
  initial (beginning, starting) dose 首次量 suggested (recommended) dose 推荐剂量
  maintenance dose 维持量 therapeutic2 dose 治疗剂量
  maximum dose 最大剂量(极量) usual (normal) dose 常用剂量
  
  2、常用的剂量单位表示法
  
  g=gram 克 l=liter (litre) 升
  mg=milligram 毫克 ml=milliliter 毫升
  kg=kilogram 千克 c.c. 毫升
  mcg=microgram 微克 I.U.=international unit 国际单位
  ug 微克 body weight 体重
  per square meter of body surface 每平方米体表面积
  
  3、每次给药次数的表示方法
  
  daily (per day, a day, every day ) 每日
  every …hours 每隔…小时
  intervats of … 每隔…
  once (twice) daily (a day) 每日一(二)次
  every other day 每隔一日
  three times a day (daily) 每日三次
  three times a week 每周三次
  once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一(二)次
  Divided into … doses 分…次
  in two or three divided doses 分为二或三次(个剂量)
  
  例1 Unless other wise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.
  如果医生不另开处方,平均日剂量为每日3次、每次1个胶襄。
  
  例2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg dody weight daily in 3-4 divided doses orally, taken with meets.
  日剂量最好每公斤体重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,与食物共服。
  
  例3 The initial dosage recommended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily.
  开始剂量最好为每日3次,每次半片美多巴250。
  
  例4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally divided and spaced doses.
  儿童:常用总剂量为每日50-100mg/kg体重,均分为四等份,等间隔给药。
  
  例5 The recommended starting dose is 20mg given as a single daily dose.
  推荐的首剂量为每20mg,一次服用。
  
  4、给药对象:最常见的用词有
  
  adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 幼儿
  adult(s) 成年人 male 男性
  baby (babies) 婴儿 newborn baby (babies) 新生儿
  children (child) 儿童 patient(s) 患者,病人
  debilitated3 patients 体弱患者 pediatric 儿科的
  elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕妇
  female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者(病人)
  
  5、给药方式的表示法:多用副词成或介词短语表示,例如:
  
  intra-arterially 静脉内给药 by mouth (OS) 口服
  intragluteally 臀肌内给药 by phleboclysis 静脉输液
  intramuscularly 肌内给药 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射
  intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔内给药 by intravenous (IV) injection 静脉注射
  intrapleurally 胸(膜)腔内给药 by the intra-articatar administration 关节内给药
  intrathecally 鞘内给药 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌内给药
  intravenously 静脉内给药 by the intranasal route 鼻内给药
  locally 局部给药 orally 口服给药
  parenterally 肠道外给药 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔内给药
  subconjuntivally 结膜下给药 by the intravenous infusion4 (perfusion) 静脉输注
  subcutaneously 皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药
  submucously 粘膜下给药 by the intrathecal administration 鞘内给药
  by aerosol5 喷雾给药 by the subligual administration 舌下给药
  by drip phleboclysis 点滴静脉输液 per rectum 直肠给药
  by enema 灌肠 per vaginum 阴道给药
  by lumbar 腰椎给药 pro6 recto 直肠给药
  
  此外还有许多其他的表示法,不一一列举。
  
  6、表示“投药”的常用动词
  
  administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 给药、投药
  use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用药
  recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推荐给药
  
  7、表示不同的用药方式的动词:
  
  take 服用 inhale7 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于
  spray 喷雾 inject 注射 swallow 吞服
  
  例6 …the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously.
  建议一次剂量为1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。
  
  例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subdivided8 into injections every 6-8-12 hours.
  肌肉注射:每日每公斤体重给药25-50mg,每6-8-12小时一次。
  
  例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses.
  成年人:肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射;婴儿:肌肉注射,每日10-20mg/kg体重,分2次注射。
  
  例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.
  片剂(或糖浆)应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。
  
  例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be applied9 to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.
  把护心贴片紧贴在皮肤表面,护心贴片可贴在任何方便的皮肤区域,最好是贴在手臂或胸部。
  
  例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled10 or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain.
  一般应在心绞痛开始发作时就吸入,或向舌上或舌下喷入1-3个规定的剂量。
  
  8、其它的短语或句型,例如:
  
  according to 根据 be adjusted 调整 depend on 依据 adapt to 适合,修改
  on the basis of 在…基础上 vary from…to… 变化范围由…至…,因…而异
  range from … to … 变化范围由…至…
  it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建议…
  
  例子很多,不一一列举。
  
  例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients individually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar.
  在周期性检验尿糖和血糖的基础上,调整剂量,使之适用于不同的患者。
  
  例13 It si advisable to initiate11 therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.
  建议开始治疗时采用大剂量,每日剂量为3x2片,饭后服用,持续2-4日。
  
  例14 In severs12 chronic13 cases, treatment is started with daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route.
  治疗严重的慢性疾病时,治疗从每日1-2支利胆素注射剂开始,继续治疗时每隔一日1安瓶缓慢静脉注射。
  
  例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient.
  所需注射次数因患者而异。
  
  例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjusted by the doctor according to the individual metabolic14 state.
  格路特利的剂量需由医生根据每个患者的代谢状况调整。
  
  例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced.
  在这种情况下,建议减少剂量。
  
  例18 The maintenance dosage is determined15 by response of the patient.
  维持剂量视患者对药物的反应而定。
  
  从上述例句可见,本项中英语的普通词汇较多,只要有一定的英语基础均可读懂,专业词汇多为医学词汇,可从英汉医学词典中查出。


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1 minimal ODjx6     
adj.尽可能少的,最小的
参考例句:
  • They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
  • I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家,所以我的花费很小。
2 therapeutic sI8zL     
adj.治疗的,起治疗作用的;对身心健康有益的
参考例句:
  • Therapeutic measures were selected to fit the patient.选择治疗措施以适应病人的需要。
  • When I was sad,music had a therapeutic effect.我悲伤的时候,音乐有治疗效力。
3 debilitated 57ee38572622e0d4bbe125b2b935d9db     
adj.疲惫不堪的,操劳过度的v.使(人或人的身体)非常虚弱( debilitate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Prolonged strike action debilitated the industry. 长时间的罢工削弱了这个行业的活力。
  • This is especially important when dealing with the geriatric or debilitated patient. 这对老年和虚弱病人尤其重要。 来自互联网
4 infusion CbAz1     
n.灌输
参考例句:
  • Old families need an infusion of new blood from time to time.古老的家族需要不时地注入新鲜血液。
  • Careful observation of the infusion site is necessary.必须仔细观察输液部位。
5 aerosol WfAyF     
n.悬浮尘粒,气溶胶,烟雾剂,喷雾器
参考例句:
  • They sprayed aerosol insect repellent into the faces of police.他们将喷雾驱虫剂喷在了警察的脸上。
  • Aerosol particles affect visibility,climate,and our health and quality of life.气溶胶对大气能见度、气候变化以及人类健康等有重要影响。
6 pro tk3zvX     
n.赞成,赞成的意见,赞成者
参考例句:
  • The two debating teams argued the question pro and con.辩论的两组从赞成与反对两方面辩这一问题。
  • Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament?你是赞成还是反对核裁军?
7 inhale ZbJzA     
v.吸入(气体等),吸(烟)
参考例句:
  • Don't inhale dust into your lung.别把灰尘吸进肺里。
  • They are pleased to not inhale second hand smoke.他们很高兴他们再也不会吸到二手烟了。
8 subdivided 9c88c887e396c8cfad2991e2ef9b98bb     
再分,细分( subdivide的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The compound was subdivided into four living areas. 那个区域被划分成4个居住小区。
  • This part of geologic calendar has not been satisfactorily subdivided. 这部分地质年代表还没有令人满意地再细分出来。
9 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
10 inhaled 1072d9232d676d367b2f48410158ae32     
v.吸入( inhale的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She closed her eyes and inhaled deeply. 她合上双眼,深深吸了一口气。
  • Janet inhaled sharply when she saw him. 珍妮特看到他时猛地吸了口气。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 initiate z6hxz     
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
参考例句:
  • A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
12 severs eb765f65d3310773d977468629157a1d     
v.切断,断绝( sever的第三人称单数 );断,裂
参考例句:
  • He shut his eyes to the severs reality. 对于这严峻的现实,他是闭着眼睛不肯看的。 来自《用法词典》
  • It practically severs the Mediterranean. 实际上是将地中海分开。 来自辞典例句
13 chronic BO9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
14 metabolic 2R4z1     
adj.新陈代谢的
参考例句:
  • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
  • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
15 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
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