仿生指尖可以感受物体的粗糙度_英语科普

仿生指尖可以感受物体的粗糙度

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2016-03-09 05:32 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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An amputee was able to feel smoothness and roughness in real-time with an artificial fingertip that was surgically¹ connected to nerves in his upper arm. Moreover, the nerves of non-amputees can also be stimulated² to feel roughness, without the need of surgery, meaning that prosthetic touch for amputees can now be developed and safely tested on intact individuals. The technology to deliver this sophisticated tactile³ information was developed by Silvestro Micera and his team at EPFL (Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) and SSSA (Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna) together with Calogero Oddo and his team at SSSA. The results, published today in eLife, provide new and accelerated avenues for developing bionic prostheses, enhanced with sensory⁴ feedback.

"The stimulation⁵ felt almost like what I would feel with my hand," says amputee Dennis Aabo Sørensen about the artificial fingertip connected to his stump⁶. He continues, "I still feel my missing hand, it is always clenched⁷ in a fist. I felt the texture⁸ sensations at the tip of the index finger of my phantom⁹ hand."

Sørensen is the first person in the world to recognize texture using a bionic fingertip connected to electrodes that were surgically implanted above his stump.

Nerves in Sørensen's arm were wired to an artificial fingertip equipped with sensors¹⁰. A machine controlled the movement of the fingertip over different pieces of plastic engraved¹¹ with different patterns, smooth or rough. As the fingertip moved across the textured¹² plastic, the sensors generated an electrical signal. This signal was translated into a series of electrical spikes¹³, imitating the language of the nervous system, then delivered to the nerves.

Sørensen could distinguish between rough and smooth surfaces 96% of the time.

In a previous study, Sorensen's implants¹⁴ were connected to a sensory-enhanced prosthetic hand that allowed him to recognize shape and softness. In this new publication about texture in the journal eLife, the bionic fingertip attains¹⁵ a superior level of touch resolution.

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收听单词发音

1 surgically
adv. 外科手术上, 外科手术一般地
参考例句：
Unsightly moles can be removed surgically. 不雅观的痣可以手术去除。 To bypass this impediment an almost mature egg cell is removed surgically. 为了克服这一障碍，通过手术，取出一个差不多成熟的卵细胞。

2 stimulated
a.刺激的
参考例句：
The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。 The award has stimulated her into working still harder. 奖金促使她更加努力地工作。

3 tactile
adj.触觉的，有触觉的，能触知的
参考例句：
Norris is an expert in the tactile and the tangible.诺里斯创作最精到之处便是，他描绘的人物使人看得见摸得着。 Tactile communication uses touch rather than sight or hearing.触觉交流，是用触摸感觉，而不是用看或听来感觉。

4 sensory
adj.知觉的，感觉的，知觉器官的
参考例句：
Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。 The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。

5 stimulation
n.刺激，激励，鼓舞
参考例句：
The playgroup provides plenty of stimulation for the children.幼儿游戏组给孩子很多启发。 You don't get any intellectual stimulation in this job.你不能从这份工作中获得任何智力启发。

6 stump
n.残株，烟蒂，讲演台；v.砍断，蹒跚而走
参考例句：
He went on the stump in his home state.他到故乡所在的州去发表演说。 He used the stump as a table.他把树桩用作桌子。

7 clenched
v.紧握，抓紧，咬紧( clench的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
He clenched his fists in anger. 他愤怒地攥紧了拳头。 She clenched her hands in her lap to hide their trembling. 她攥紧双手放在腿上，以掩饰其颤抖。来自《简明英汉词典》

8 texture
n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理
参考例句：
We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。 Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

9 phantom
n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的
参考例句：
I found myself staring at her as if she were a phantom.我发现自己瞪大眼睛看着她，好像她是一个幽灵。 He is only a phantom of a king.他只是有名无实的国王。

10 sensors
n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。来自《简明英汉词典》 Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。来自辞典例句

11 engraved
v.在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的过去式和过去分词 )；将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中）
参考例句：
The silver cup was engraved with his name. 银杯上刻有他的名字。 It was prettily engraved with flowers on the back. 此件雕刻精美，背面有花饰图案。来自《简明英汉词典》

12 textured
adj.手摸时有感觉的, 有织纹的
参考例句：
The shoe's sole had a slightly textured surface. 鞋底表面稍感粗糙。 Shallow burial seems to preserve chalky textured porosity. 浅埋藏似能保留具白垩状结构的孔隙。

13 spikes
n.穗( spike的名词复数 )；跑鞋；（防滑）鞋钉；尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 )；偷偷地给某人的饮料加入（更多）酒精（或药物）；把尖状物钉入；打乱某人的计划
参考例句：
a row of iron spikes on a wall 墙头的一排尖铁 There is a row of spikes on top of the prison wall to prevent the prisoners escaping. 监狱墙头装有一排尖钉，以防犯人逃跑。来自《简明英汉词典》

14 implants
n.（植入身体中的）移植物( implant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Hormone implants are used as growth boosters. 激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。来自《简明英汉词典》 Perhaps the most far-reaching project is an initiative called Living Implants From Engineering (LIFE). 也许最具深远意义的项目，是刚刚启动的建造活体移植工程 (LIFE)。来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命

15 attains
（通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )；达到；获得；达到（某年龄、水平、状况）
参考例句：
This is the period at which the body attains maturity. 这是身体发育成熟的时期。 The temperature a star attains is determined by its mass. 恒星所达到的温度取决于它的质量。

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