如何减少老年人的骨折风险
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2016-08-23 08:46 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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Lebanon, NH -- (Aug. 22, 2016) Fragility fractures -- those that occur at standing1 height -- are a significant source of sickness and death among the elderly population in the United States. They are also associated with annual direct costs of over $16 billion. As the U.S. population ages, there is an urgent need (and real opportunity) to identity individuals at risk for fracture and to find ways to reduce their occurrence. In pursuit of this goal, a team of researchers from The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and the Boston University School of Public Health recently looked at whether there was an opportunity to reduce exposure to prescription2 drugs associated with fracture risk among one high-risk group --older adults who have already experienced a first fragility fracture. Previous research has shown that not only are such patients at a significantly increased risk of experiencing a second fracture, but that the risk is greatest in the first six months after the first fracture.
 
In the study, published online by JAMA Internal Medicine, the researchers analyzed3 data from a sample of 168,133 Medicare beneficiaries (84% of whom were women with an average age of 80) who experienced a fracture of the hip4, shoulder of wrist (the most common type of fragility fractures). The researcher team identified 21 drug classes that have been associated with increased fracture risk. After examining them as a single group, they then subdivided5 them into three groups: those drugs thought to increase fracture risk by increasing the risk of falls, those that decrease bone density6, and those in which the mechanism7 which caused greater fracture risk was unclear. Medicare Part D retail8 pharmacy9 claims were used to measure fills for prescriptions10 associated with increased fracture risk both before and after the fracture occurred. Among their findings after analysis:
 
More than three-quarters of the patients in the study were exposed to at least one non-opiate drug associated with an increased fracture risk in the four months before their fracture.
 
About 7 percent of patients discontinued these drugs after their fracture but that decrease was offset11 by new users so the total proportion exposed to high risk drugs did not change.
 
"The use of drugs that can contribute to elevated fracture risk was common among the group we studied," said lead author Jeffrey Munson, MD, MSCE, assistant professor at The Dartmouth Institute. "To add to that, we did not see a consistent reduction in the use of these drugs after the fracture event. So that allows for the strong possibility we may be able to prevent at least some of these secondary fragility fractures through better management of high-risk drugs around the time of the first fracture."


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1 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
2 prescription u1vzA     
n.处方,开药;指示,规定
参考例句:
  • The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
  • The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。
3 analyzed 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
参考例句:
  • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 hip 1dOxX     
n.臀部,髋;屋脊
参考例句:
  • The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
  • The new coats blouse gracefully above the hip line.新外套在臀围线上优美地打着褶皱。
5 subdivided 9c88c887e396c8cfad2991e2ef9b98bb     
再分,细分( subdivide的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The compound was subdivided into four living areas. 那个区域被划分成4个居住小区。
  • This part of geologic calendar has not been satisfactorily subdivided. 这部分地质年代表还没有令人满意地再细分出来。
6 density rOdzZ     
n.密集,密度,浓度
参考例句:
  • The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
  • The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。
7 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
8 retail VWoxC     
v./n.零售;adv.以零售价格
参考例句:
  • In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
  • These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。
9 pharmacy h3hzT     
n.药房,药剂学,制药业,配药业,一批备用药品
参考例句:
  • She works at the pharmacy.她在药房工作。
  • Modern pharmacy has solved the problem of sleeplessness.现代制药学已经解决了失眠问题。
10 prescriptions f0b231c0bb45f8e500f32e91ec1ae602     
药( prescription的名词复数 ); 处方; 开处方; 计划
参考例句:
  • The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。
  • Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。
11 offset mIZx8     
n.分支,补偿;v.抵消,补偿
参考例句:
  • Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
  • He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。
TAG标签: risk elderly fracture
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