The first thing to acknowledge about diversity is that it can be difficult. In the U.S., where the dialogue of inclusion is
relatively1 advanced, even the mention of the word "diversity" can lead to anxiety and conflict.
Supreme2 Court justices disagree on the
virtues3 of diversity and the means for achieving it. Corporations spend billions of dollars to attract and manage diversity both internally and externally, yet they still face discrimination
lawsuits4, and the leadership ranks of the business world remain predominantly white and male.
It is reasonable to ask what good diversity does us. Diversity of
expertise5 confers benefits that are obvious -- you would not think of building a new car without engineers, designers and quality-control experts -- but what about social diversity? What good comes from diversity of race, ethnicity,
gender6 and sexual
orientation7? Research has shown that social diversity in a group can cause
discomfort8, rougher interactions, a lack of trust, greater perceived interpersonal conflict, lower communication, less
cohesion9, more concern about disrespect, and other problems. So what is the upside?
The fact is that if you want to build teams or organizations capable of
innovating10, you need diversity. Diversity enhances creativity. It encourages the search for novel information and perspectives, leading to better decision making and problem solving. Diversity can improve the bottom line of companies and lead to unfettered discoveries and breakthrough innovations. Even simply being exposed to diversity can change the way you think. This is not just wishful thinking: it is the conclusion I draw from decades of research from organizational scientists, psychologists, sociologists,
economists11 and
demographers12.