“鬼”往往只是一种错觉
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2021-10-14 04:26 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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世界上有不少人相信鬼的存在。其实,大多数“见鬼”经历都是可以用科学来解释的。你所害怕的“鬼”,往往只是一种错觉。
 
1. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 电磁场
 
For decades, a Canadian neuroscientist named Michael Persinger studied the effects of electromagnetic fields on people's perceptions of ghosts, hypothesizing that pulsed magnetic fields, imperceptible on a conscious level, can make people feel as if there is a “presence” in the room with them by causing unusual activity patterns in the brain's temporal lobes1. Persinger studied people in his lab wearing a so-called “God Helmet,” finding that certain patterns of weak magnetic fields over someone's head for 15 to 30 minutes can create the perception that there's an invisible presence in the room.
加拿大神经学家迈克尔·波辛格花了几十年研究电磁场对于“见鬼”的影响后做出了一个假设,那就是人在意识层面察觉不到的脉冲磁场可以通过引发大脑颞叶的异常活动,让人们感觉屋里有“鬼”。波辛格在实验室里让人们戴上所谓的“上帝头盔”,并通过研究发现,人的大脑受到特定模式的弱磁场影响15到30分钟后,就会产生屋里有鬼的感觉。
 
2. INFRASOUND 次声波
 
Infrasound is sound at levels so low humans can't hear it (though other animals, like elephants, can). Low frequency vibrations2 can cause distinct physiological3 discomfort4. Scientists studying the effects of wind turbines and traffic noise near residences have found that low-frequency noise can cause disorientation, feelings of panic, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and other effects that could easily be associated with being visited by a ghost.
次声波指的是人类无法听到的频率过低的声音(不过其他一些动物能听到,比如大象)。低频率的声波会引发生理上的明显不适。科学家研究了居民住宅附近的风力涡轮机和交通噪音的影响,结果发现,低频率噪音会引发定向障碍、恐慌感、心率和血压波动以及其他容易和见鬼联系在一起的症状。
 
For instance, in a 1998 paper on natural causes of hauntings, engineer Vic Tandy described working for a medical equipment manufacturer, whose labs included a reportedly haunted room. Whenever Tandy worked in this particular lab, he felt depressed5 and uncomfortable, often hearing and seeing odd things—including an apparition6 that definitely looked like a ghost. Eventually, he discovered that the room was home to a 19 Hz standing7 wave coming from a fan, which was sending out the inaudible vibrations that caused the disorienting effects. Further studies also show links between infrasound and bizarre sensations like getting chills down the spine8 or feeling uneasy.
举个例子,在1998年的一篇关于“见鬼”自然成因的论文中,工程师维克·坦迪描述了自己在一家医疗设备生产商工作的经历,据说这个生产商的实验室“闹鬼”。每次坦迪在这个“闹鬼”的实验室里工作时,都会感到压抑和不适,还经常听到、看到奇怪的东西,包括一个看起来非常像鬼的幻影。最后,他发现这个房间里有一个产生19赫兹驻波的风扇,这种听不见的声波振动会引发定向障碍。进一步的研究还表明,次声波与后背发凉或惴惴不安的怪异感觉也有关系。
 
3. MOLD 霉菌
 
Shane Rogers, an engineering professor at Clarkson University, spent months touring reportedly haunted locations looking for not-so-paranormal activity: mold growth. Preliminary research indicated that some molds can cause symptoms that sound pretty ghostly—like irrational9 fear and dementia. “I've watched a lot of ghost shows,” he told Mental Floss in 2015.
克拉克森大学的工程学教授谢恩·罗杰斯花了数个月到各个“闹鬼”之地寻找一种并非超自然的现象:霉菌生长。先前的研究显示,一些霉菌会引发类似灵异的症状,比如无理性的恐惧和痴呆。他在2015年告诉Mental Floss网站说:“我看到了不少闹鬼现象。”
 
4. CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING 一氧化碳中毒
 
In 1921, a doctor named W.H. Wilmer published an odd story about a haunted house in the American Journal of Ophthalmology. The family who lived in this haunted residence, called the H family in the medical literature, began experiencing weird10 phenomena11 when they moved into an old house—hearing furniture moving around and strange voices in the night, feeling the presence of invisible specters. They reported being held down in bed by ghosts, feeling weak, and more. As it turned out, a faulty furnace was filling their house with carbon monoxide, causing aural12 and visual hallucinations. The furnace was fixed13, and the H family went back to their lives, sans ghosts.
1921年,一位名叫W·H·威尔默的医生在《美国眼科学杂志》上发表了一篇关于“鬼屋”的奇谈。住在鬼屋里的一家人在这本医学杂志中被称为H家,他们搬进这座老房子后就开始怪事连连。他们在夜里听到家具移动和奇怪的声音,感觉隐形的鬼魂在身边游荡。他们还报告称自己被“鬼压床”,感觉虚弱无力,诸如此类。结果发现,因为火炉出了故障,家里充满了一氧化碳气体,从而引发了听觉和视觉上的幻觉。后来炉子修好了,H家又回到了没有鬼的正常生活。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 lobes fe8c3178c8180f03dd0fc8ae16f13e3c     
n.耳垂( lobe的名词复数 );(器官的)叶;肺叶;脑叶
参考例句:
  • The rotor has recesses in its three faces between the lobes. 转子在其凸角之间的三个面上有凹槽。 来自辞典例句
  • The chalazal parts of the endosperm containing free nuclei forms several lobes. 包含游离核的合点端胚乳部分形成几个裂片。 来自辞典例句
2 vibrations d94a4ca3e6fa6302ae79121ffdf03b40     
n.摆动( vibration的名词复数 );震动;感受;(偏离平衡位置的)一次性往复振动
参考例句:
  • We could feel the vibrations from the trucks passing outside. 我们可以感到外面卡车经过时的颤动。
  • I am drawn to that girl; I get good vibrations from her. 我被那女孩吸引住了,她使我产生良好的感觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 physiological aAvyK     
adj.生理学的,生理学上的
参考例句:
  • He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
4 discomfort cuvxN     
n.不舒服,不安,难过,困难,不方便
参考例句:
  • One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
  • She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。
5 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
6 apparition rM3yR     
n.幽灵,神奇的现象
参考例句:
  • He saw the apparition of his dead wife.他看见了他亡妻的幽灵。
  • But the terror of this new apparition brought me to a stand.这新出现的幽灵吓得我站在那里一动也不敢动。
7 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
8 spine lFQzT     
n.脊柱,脊椎;(动植物的)刺;书脊
参考例句:
  • He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨。
  • His spine developed a slight curve.他的脊柱有点弯曲。
9 irrational UaDzl     
adj.无理性的,失去理性的
参考例句:
  • After taking the drug she became completely irrational.她在吸毒后变得完全失去了理性。
  • There are also signs of irrational exuberance among some investors.在某些投资者中是存在非理性繁荣的征象的。
10 weird bghw8     
adj.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的
参考例句:
  • From his weird behaviour,he seems a bit of an oddity.从他不寻常的行为看来,他好像有点怪。
  • His weird clothes really gas me.他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。
11 phenomena 8N9xp     
n.现象
参考例句:
  • Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
  • The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系,如果存在着任何联系的话。
12 aural xNizC     
adj.听觉的,听力的
参考例句:
  • The opera was an aural as well as a visual delight.这部歌剧对于听觉和视觉都是一种享受。
  • You can use these tapes as aural material.你可以把这些磁带当作听力材料。
13 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
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