虽然自恋的人不讨人喜欢，但是事实证明，自恋者往往更容易获得升职。研究发现，自恋者会高估自己的贡献，并喜欢自我宣传，而在职场中，主管们更愿意提拔这样的员工，而且并不反感这种自我宣传行为。

 

Ever wondered how narcissistic² individuals often rise to power? This study may have some clues. A narcissist¹'s self-image may do a great job of encouraging their managers to promote them, according to a recent study in the Journal of Personality.

你有没有好奇过为什么自恋的人通常都能获得升职？这项研究可能会给你提供一些线索。近日发表在《人格杂志》上的一项研究指出，自恋者塑造的自我形象可能会极大地鼓励主管提拔他们。

 

The research included two questionnaire-based studies of 259 employees and 178 supervisors³ total where each assessed multiple statements regarding themselves and a potentially promotable employee respectively.

该研究基于两项分别面向259名员工和178名主管的问卷调查。研究人员让前者根据不同表述对自身情况做出评估，并让后者回答什么样的员工可能获得升职。

 

Some examples of statements the employees were expected to assess "I am an extraordinary person," "in my work team, I think I have a great deal of power," and other questions from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory⁴ test as far as their self-image.

员工需要进行对照评估的表述包括“我是一个杰出的人”、“在我的工作团队里，我认为自己很强”以及其他和自我形象有关的问题。这些问题均出自自恋人格量表。

 

Supervisors would answer statements such as "I would recommend this employee for a promotion," and "This employee has a good chance of climbing the organizational ladder" based on the employees' remarked traits.

主管人员则基于员工的自我评估来回答问卷上的表述，比如“我会推荐这名员工升职”、“这名员工很可能被提拔”等。

 

Lastly, 181 supervisors then received profiles of fictional⁵ narcissist employees and determined⁶ whether they would "promote" them.

最后，181名主管将会收到虚构的自恋员工的档案，并决定是否会给他们“升职”。

 

The results showed that narcissist employees were more self-promotional of their work and had an inflated⁷ sense of power in the workplace. It also showed that supervisors were more likely to promote employees who displayed these narcissistic traits, possibly due to their grandiose⁸ perception and displays of power.

结果显示，自恋的员工更爱宣传自己的工作成绩，而且会高估自己在职场中的能力。研究还发现，主管更可能提拔那些展现自恋特征的员工，可能是因为他们能制造出华丽的假象，并给人强有力的感觉。

 

According to a 2016 study, narcissist individuals were more likely to believe that they make for effective and superior leaders, which could correlate with self-promotional behaviors like higher regard for their role in a work project.

2016年的一项研究显示，自恋者更可能认为自己能成为高效的上级领导，这些人喜欢自我宣传，并会高估自己在工作项目中发挥的作用。

 

The results showed that this self-promotional behavior was not viewed negatively by the supervisors in the study, and could be viewed as a positive trait depending on the workplace.

该研究结果指出，受访主管对这种自我宣传行为并不反感，在某些工作场所中自我宣传还被视为一种积极的特质。

 

Does this mean you have to be a narcissist to get promoted? Not quite, but there could be some self-confidence lessons to be learned.

这是否意味着你必须自恋才能升职？不完全是这样，但是你可以学着让自己更自信一些。

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