In a surprising finding, researchers at North Carolina State University have discovered the critical importance of a protein previously¹ believed to be a redundant²多余的，过剩的 "on switch" for certain immune-system responses. Scientists previously understood that the protein called TAB2 activates⁴ inflammation发炎，炎症, an important biological process that stimulates⁵ wound-healing and prevents invasion of harmful organisms. But scientists considered TAB2 nonessential to the process due to the redundant function of a cousin protein, called TAB3, which has no trouble serving as an "on switch" to activate³ the inflammation process in TAB2's absence.

In a study published in the Jan. 22 edition of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, the NC State researchers show that underestimating TAB2 can be dangerous. Rather than merely serving as an "on switch," TAB2 also serves as an "off switch" that turns off the inflammation process. When TAB2 is absent or knocked out in cell cultures, the inflammation process continues unabated不减弱的，不衰退的.

Too much inflammation can be a really bad thing. It is associated with human diseases including certain cancers, inflammatory bowel⁶肠，内部 syndrome⁷综合症 and psoriasis牛皮癣，银屑病.

Knowing more about the regulatory mechanisms⁸ in cells may one day lead to drugs that can target excessive inflammation, say NC State's Dr. Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji, associate professor of environmental and molecular⁹ toxicology毒物学, and her graduate student, Peter Broglie, the lead authors of the paper describing the study.

In the study, Ninomiya-Tsuji and Broglie show that cells lacking TAB2 had a prolonged延长的，持续很久的 inflammation response. Normally, TAB2 can be counted on to bring a protein called TAK1 close to tumor¹⁰ necrosis骨疽，坏疽 factor, or TNF, a circulating molecule¹¹ that is a normal component¹² of the
immune system. Bringing TAK1 close to TNF activates TAK1, thereby¹³ starting the inflammatory response.

In normal systems, this inflammatory response would be quickly regulated to prevent too much inflammation. This is done by a regulating molecule分子，微粒 called PP6, which deactivates¹⁴ TAK1, and, therefore, the inflammation process. When TAB2 was absent or knocked out, however, PP6 did not shut down TAK1. The NC State scientists infer, then, that TAB2 has a heretofore迄今为止，在这之前 unknown function – it brings TAK1 close enough to PP6 to halt the inflammation process.

The NC State scientists were so surprised by the finding that, Broglie says, "Dr. Ninomiya-Tsuji made me replicate¹⁵复制，折叠 the study three times."

The study was funded by a grant to Ninomiya-Tsuji from the National Institutes of Health. Co-authors of the paper included scientists from the University of Virginia and two Japanese universities – Nagoya University and Osaka University.