The massive magnitude（震级，大小） 8.8 earthquake that struck the west coast of Chile last month moved the entire city of Concepcion at least 10 feet to the west, and shifted other parts of South America as far apart as the Falkland Islands and Fortaleza, Brazil. These preliminary（预备的，初步的） measurements, produced from data gathered by researchers from four universities and several agencies, including geophysicists（地球物理学者） on the ground in Chile, paint a much clearer picture of the power behind this temblor（地震） , believed to be the fifth-most-powerful since instruments have been available to measure seismic¹（地震的） shifts.

Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina and across the continent from the quake's epicenter（震中，中心） , moved about 1 inch to the west. And Chile's capital, Santiago, moved about 11 inches to the west-southwest. The cities of Valparaiso and Mendoza, Argentina, northeast of Concepcion, also moved significantly.

The quake's epicenter was in a region of South America that's part of the so-called "ring of fire," an area of major seismic stresses which encircles（环绕，包围） the Pacific Ocean. All along this line, the tectonic plates（构造板块） on which the continents move press against each other at fault zones.

The February Chilean quake occurred where the Nazca tectonic plate was squeezed under, or "subducted²（减去，下拉） ," below the adjacent（临近的，毗邻的） South American plate. Quakes routinely relieve pent-up geologic³ pressures in these convergence zones（会聚区，辐合区） .

The research team deduced the cities' movement by comparing precise GPS (global positioning satellite) locations known prior to the major quake to those almost 10 days later. The US Geological Survey reported that there have been dozens of aftershocks, many exceeding magnitude 6.0 or greater, since the initial event February 27.

Mike Bevis, professor of earth sciences at Ohio State, has led a project since 1993 that has been measuring crustal（地壳的） motion and deformation⁴（变形） in the Central and Southern Andes. The effort, called the Central and Southern Andes GPS Project, or CAP, hopes to perhaps triple its current network of 25 GPS stations spread across the region.

"By reoccupying the existing GPS stations, CAP can determine the displacements⁵, or 'jumps', that occurred during the earthquake," Bevis said. "By building new stations, the project can monitor the postseismic deformations⁶ that are expected to occur for many years, giving us new insights into the physics of the earthquake process."

Ben Brooks⁷, an associate researcher with the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii and co-principal investigator⁸ on the project, said that the event, tragic⁹ as it was, offers a unique opportunity to better understand the seismic（地震的） processes that control earthquakes.

"The Maule earthquake will arguably become one of the, if not the most important great earthquake yet studied. We now have modern, precise instruments to evaluate this event, and because the site abuts¹⁰（邻接，毗邻） a continent, we will be able to obtain dense¹¹ spatial¹²（空间的） sampling（抽样，取样） of the changes it caused.

"As such the event represents an unprecedented¹³ opportunity for the earth science community if certain observations are made with quickly and comprehensively," Brooks said.