Behavioral interventions¹（干预，干涉） typically are the first line of treatment to manage unwanted behaviors in children with autism（孤独症） spectrum² disorders⁴ (ASDs). If behaviors do not improve, medications frequently are added to the mix. Research conducted by Autism Speaks' Autism Treatment Network (ATN) shows that use of psychotropic（治疗精神病的） medications is common among children with ASD, with 27 percent of those enrolled⁵ in the network registry receiving at least one medication to manage their behavior. The most common reasons for medication use were hyperactivity（极度活跃） , repetitive behaviors, irritability⁶（兴奋性，易怒） and attentional concerns.

Results of the study, and three others conducted by the ATN, will be presented Sunday, May 2 at the Pediatric（小儿科的） Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

An estimated one in 110 U.S. children has autism, a group of complex developmental brain disorders that affect behavior, social skills and communication.

Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved only two medications to treat certain symptoms seen in ASD, many other medications are used to treat a variety of symptoms exhibited by these children.

ATN researchers sought to identify which medicines are prescribed for（开处方） children on the autism spectrum and how frequently they are used. The ATN, which includes 14 treatment and research centers in the United States and Canada, enrolls⁷ patients ages 2-18 years with a diagnosis⁸ of autism, Asperger's syndrome⁹ or pervasive¹⁰ developmental disorder³-not otherwise specified¹¹ (PDD-NOS).

Medication data were available for 415 children in the registry. Results showed that 112 (27%) were receiving at least one psychotropic medication for their behavior. Of these 112 children, 46% were taking two or more medications.

In addition, medication use was more common in older children: 60 percent of youths ages 11 and older took at least one medication compared to 44 percent of children ages 6-10 years, 11 percent of those ages 3-5 and 4 percent of children younger than 3.

The most common medications prescribed were stimulants¹²（兴奋剂，刺激剂） , which are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Symptoms of ADHD are among the most common problem behaviors reported by parents of children on the autism spectrum.

Risperidone（利培酮） , an atypical（非典型的） antipsychotic（安定药） , also was prescribed frequently. The FDA has approved risperidone for the treatment of irritability, including aggression¹³, temper tantrums（乱发脾气） , self-injurious behavior and quickly changing moods associated with ASD.

"Additional research to better define which children with ASD and to identify which specific symptoms respond best to which medication would improve treatment decisions for this population," said Daniel Coury, MD, medical director of the ATN and professor of pediatrics（小儿科） and psychiatry¹⁴（精神病学） at The Ohio State University.

Autism Speaks' Autism Treatment Network (ATN) is the first network of hospitals and physicians dedicated¹⁵ to developing a model of comprehensive medical care for children and adolescents with autism. The ATN offers families care from doctors highly experienced in helping¹⁶ individuals with autism and providing treatment for associated conditions such as gastrointestinal（胃肠的） and sleep disorders, while disseminating¹⁷（散播，宣传） best practices to the greater medical community.