Mayo Clinic researchers found that healthy young people who put on as little as 9 pounds of fat, specifically in the abdomen¹（腹部） , are at risk for developing endothelial cell（内皮细胞） dysfunction（功能紊乱，机能障碍） . Endothelial cells line the blood vessels² and control the ability of the vessels to expand and contract. "Endothelial dysfunction has long been associated with an increased risk for coronary artery³ disease（冠状动脉疾病） and cardiovascular（心血管的） events," says Virend Somers, M.D., Ph.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic. "Gaining a few pounds in college, on a cruise, or over the holidays is considered harmless, but it can have cardiovascular implications, especially if the weight is gained in the abdomen."

For the study, which was published in this week's Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Dr. Somers and his team recruited 43 healthy Mayo Clinic volunteers with a mean（平均的） age of 29 years. They were tested for endothelial dysfunction by measuring the blood flow through their arm arteries⁴. The volunteers were assigned to either gain weight or maintain their weight for eight weeks, and their blood flow was tested. The weight-gainers then lost the weight and were tested again.

Among those who gained weight in their abdomens⁵ (known as visceral fat内脏脂肪), even though their blood pressure remained healthy, researchers found that the regulation of blood flow through their arm arteries was impaired⁶ due to endothelial dysfunction. Once the volunteers lost the weight, the blood flow recovered. Blood flow regulation was unchanged in the weight-maintainers and was less affected⁷ among those who gained weight evenly throughout their bodies.

Dr. Somers says the study is unable to offer conclusions about whether recovery of blood flow is possible if the weight is kept on for several years. "Patients should know that having a big belly⁸ may be more harmful than simply being obese," he says. "Letting weight creep on during college or as the result of aging should not be accepted as normal.

"Physicians should know that the location of fat is important. Greater attention should be given to the circumference⁹ of a patient's waistline（腰围） , not just their body mass index (BMI身体质量指数)." BMI is a formula that uses height and weight to estimate body fat and associated health risks.