A North Carolina State University researcher and colleagues have figured out a way to make an aluminum¹ alloy²（铝合金） , or a mixture of aluminum and other elements, just as strong as steel. That's important, says Dr. Yuntian Zhu, professor of materials science and the NC State researcher involved in the project, because the search for ever lighter³ – yet stronger – materials is crucial to devising everything from more fuel-efficient cars to safer airplanes.

In a paper published in the journal Nature Communications, Zhu and his colleagues describe the new nanoscale architecture within aluminum alloys⁴ that have unprecedented⁵ strength but also reasonable plasticity to stretch and not break under stress. Perhaps even more importantly, the technique of creating these nanostructures can be used on many different types of metals.

Zhu says the aluminum alloys have unique structural⁶ elements that, when combined to form a hierarchical structure（分级结构，层级结构） at several nanoscale levels, make them super-strong and ductile⁷（柔软的，易延展的） .

The aluminum alloys have small building blocks, called "grains," that are thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair. Each grain is a tiny crystal less than 100 nanometers in size. Bigger is not better in materials, Zhu says, as smaller grains result in stronger materials.

Zhu also says the aluminum alloys have a number of different types of crystal "defects." Nanocrystals with defects are stronger than perfect crystals.

Now, Zhu plans on working on strengthening magnesium⁸（镁） , a metal that is even lighter than aluminum. He's collaborating⁹ with the Department of Defense¹⁰ on a project to make magnesium alloys strong enough to be used as body armor for soldiers.

Zhu's colleagues on the Nature Communications paper are affiliated¹¹ with the University of Sydney in Australia; the University of California, Davis; and Ufa State Aviation Technical University in Russia.