Taking medications（药物，药物治疗） to treat insomnia¹（失眠） and anxiety increases mortality risk by 36%, according to a study conducted by Geneviève Belleville, a professor at Université Laval's School of Psychology². The details of this study are published in the latest edition of the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry³（精神病学） . Dr. Belleville arrived at these results through analysis of 12 years of data on over 14,000 Canadians in Statistics Canada's National Population Health Survey. The data includes information on the social demographics（人口统计资料） , lifestyle, and health of Canadians age 18 to 102, surveyed every two years between 1994 and 2007.

During this period, respondents who reported having used medication to treat insomnia or anxiety at least once in the month preceding（在……之前） the survey had a mortality rate of 15.7%. Respondents who reported not having used such medications had a rate of 10.5%. After controlling for personal factors that might affect mortality risk, notably⁴ alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical health, physical activity level, and the presence or absence of depressive symptoms among participants, Dr. Belleville established that the consumption of sleeping pills or anxiety-relieving medications was associated with a 36% increase in the risk of death.

A number of hypotheses（假定，臆测） have been put forward to explain the link between use of these medications and increased mortality. Sleeping pills and anxiolytics（抗焦虑药，镇静剂） affect reaction time, alertness, and coordination⁵ and are thus conducive⁶ to falls and other accidents. They may also have an inhibiting⁷（抑制的，约束的） effect on the respiratory system（呼吸系统） , which could aggravate⁸（加重，恶化） certain breathing problems during sleep. These medications are also central nervous system inhibitors that may affect judgment⁹ and thus increase the risk of suicide.

"These medications aren't candy, and taking them is far from harmless," commented Dr. Belleville. "Given that cognitive¹⁰ behavioral therapies have shown good results in treating insomnia and anxiety, doctors should systematically¹¹ discuss such therapies with their patients as an option. Combining a pharmacological（药理学的） approach in the short term with psychological treatment is a promising¹² strategy for reducing anxiety and promoting sleep."