Air Force Office of Scientific Research-sponsored（赞助，发起） researcher, Dr. Robert Wood of Harvard University is leading the way in what could become the next phase of high-performance micro air vehicles for the Air Force. His basic research is on track（走上正规） to evolve into robotic, insect-scale devices for monitoring and exploration of hazardous¹ environments, such as collapsed² structures, caves and chemical spills.

"We are developing a suite³ of capabilities⁴ which we hope will lead to MAVs that exceed the capabilities of existing small aircraft. The level of autonomy（自治） and mobility⁵ we seek has not been achieved before using robotic devices on the scale of insects," said Wood.

Wood and his research team are trying to understand how wing design can impact performance for an insect-size, flapping-wing vehicle. Their insights will also influence how such agile⁶（敏捷的，机敏的） devices are built, powered and controlled.

"A big emphasis of our AFOSR program is the experimental side of the work," said Wood. "We have unique capabilities to create, flap and visualize⁷ wings at the scales and frequencies of actual insects."

The researchers are constructing wings and moving them at high frequencies recreating trajectories⁸（轨迹） similar to those of an insect. They are also able to measure multiple force components⁹, and they can observe fluid flow around the wings flapping at more than 100 times per second.

Performing experiments at such a small scale presents significant engineering challenges beyond the study of the structure-function relationships for the wings.

"Our answer to the engineering challenges for these experiments and vehicles is a unique fabrication technique we have developed for creating wings, actuators（制动器） , thorax（胸膛，胸腔） and airframe（机身） at the scale of actual insects and evaluating them in fluid conditions appropriate for their scale," he said.

They are also performing high-speed stereoscopic（立体的） motion tracking, force measurements and flow visualization¹⁰; the combination of which allows for a unique perspective on what is going on with these complex systems.